grey water management as part of water demand management in jordan

7/29/2019 Grey Water Management as Part of Water Demand Management in Jordan

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THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN

MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION

Grey water management as part of waterdemand management in Jordan

Eng. NISREEN HADDADIN

Director of Water Demand Management Unit

Stockholm 21 August, 2011


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General Information about Jordan.

Water Situation in Jordan.

Water Demand Management Policy.

Grey water Reuse.

Content of the Presentation


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The Hashemite Kingdom of

Jordan covers a land area of

90,000 km.

Population 6.1 million in 2010

(Growth rate=2.2%). Average household size (person)

5.4

97% of the Jordanian population

is connected to water supply

systems, while 60% is connectedto central sewage systems.

General Information about Jordan


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Surface water Basins in Jordan



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Water sector challenges

Jordan is considered to be one of the four poorest countries

worldwide in water resources, available water resources per

capita is very low at a level of 145 m3/capita/year compared to

international standards of 1000 m3/capita/year.

Competition between demands on limited fresh water quantitiesis ever increasing.

High Population Growth which will continue to grow from

about 6 million in 2010 to around 8.5 million by 2025.

The problem severity will increase in parallel with the increase

of population, living standards, economic development and

potential impact of Global Warming.


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Water sector challenges

Almost all fresh water recourses have been tapped and the deficit

in water budget is substituted by over pumping from the aquifers,

causing negative impact on the environment and sustainability in

the medium and long term.

By 2025, demand for water will increase to 1,680 MCM

A shortfall of 450 MCM representing 30 percent of total demandwill remain and will have to be managed through appropriatedemand-reduction programs.

Limited Financial Capacities.


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Spatial Distribution of Rainfall in Jordan

Seasonal rainfall is the mainsource of water in the kingdom and

It is highly variable.

Annual rainfall ranges from 100

mm in the desert regions to about400-600 mm in the western

mountains.

More than 80% of the area of

Jordan is indicated as desert withrainfall < 100 mm/a


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Wet Year: 11 Billion Cubic Meters

Average Year: 8.3 Billion Cubic Meters

Dry Years: 5.8 Billion Cubic Meters

Total Rainfall Amounts


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92% Evaporates

Only 8% is available in the form of flood flow & groundwater


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The average annual renewable fresh water resources

Other sources of water are Nonconventional water

resources:

275 MCM is GW

505 MCM is usable SW

Treated WW = 110 MCM in 2009

207 MCM in 2020Almost 100% will be reused

Nonrenewable water = 140 MCM

Desalinated water = 10 MCM

Available water resources


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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

MCM

Irrigation Municipal Industrial Livestock

%Water uses per sector (2009)


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Demand exceeds Supply


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Water for Life 2008-2022

Jordan's vision for a water strategy is one whereby 2022, wehave:

Adequate, safe and secure drinking water supply ;

Greater understanding and more effective management ofgroundwater and surface water;

Healthy aquatic ecosystems;

A sustainable use of water resources, and implementedfair, affordable and cost - reflective water charges;

Adaptation to increased population growth and economicdevelopment across the water sector and water users.


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Water for Life 2008-2022

The following are the main pillars of the strategy:

Water Demand Management.

Water Supply.

Institutional Reform

Wastewater

Irrigation Water

Non Conventional water resources.


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Maximum utilization and minimum waste of water, and promotionof effective water use efficiency and water conservation, for socialand economic development and environmental protection.

Sustained implementation of water demand management policywill generate water savings that will be an important source ofadditional water to help bridge the gap between supply and demandand advance economic growth and social development.

The resultant water savings will provide monetary savings byreducing or delaying the necessary investments in water supply andwastewater disposal and saving energy.

Water Demand Management Policy


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Energy savings in pumping and treatment.

Energy savings in heating water.

Foregone costs of treatment and distribution system capacity.

Deferred, downsized, or eliminated water supply projects. Improved reliability of supplies

Environmental benefits (of more water) for protecting streams,wetlands, and estuaries

Multiple Benefits of Water Demand

Management


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Water Demand Management Policy ispresented in two components:

Urban Sector.

Irrigation sector.


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On Instituting Water Demand Management

On Codes and Equipment Certification

On Reduction of Non-Revenue Water

On Water Pricing

On Reuse of Treated Wastewater

On Prohibition on Wasting Water



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On Comprehensive Water-Use and Water Demand Management

Information Program

On Education and Public Awareness

On Water Demand Management Programs

On Industrial Water Demands

On Tourism Water Demands

On Water-wise Landscaping

On Water Efficiency Assistance for Low Income Consumers



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On Training and Capacity Building

On Water Demand Management Research and Development

On Best Management Practices

On Financial Mechanisms for Improving Water Efficiency

On Key Performance Indicators

On Water Supply Augmentation using Rainwater Harvesting, Gray

water and On-site Treated Wastewater



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On Water Supply Augmentation using Rainwater Harvesting, Graywater and On-site Treated Wastewater

Rainwater harvesting systems should be required for new construction (residential,

commercial, industrial, tourism, etc). Rainwater harvesting can provide a non-

potable water source that can augment existing water supplies. Plumbing designs for new residences and buildings should be changed to

accommodate rainwater harvesting systems and safe storage for all structures; and

graywater use for rural structures, not connected to a central sewer system .

Rural residences not connected to a central sewer system shall consider use of

graywater for home gardens. Regulations need to be adopted to address any health

and environmental issues that may be associated with graywater use. Graywater use

could be supplemental source of water taking into account the impact on centralized

sewer systems.

Gray water reuse in Jordan


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On Water Supply Augmentation using Rainwater Harvesting, Graywater and On-site Treated Wastewater

On-site wastewater, graywater treatment and reuse shall be required for

certain new commercial and residential developments. There are significant

opportunities for treating and re-using wastewater on-site for high-rise and

high-density buildings.

Financial or tax incentives to encourage rainwater harvesting, graywater use

and on-site treated wastewater use shall be implemented.



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The idea of gray water reuse is not new to Jordan because inthis region of low rainfall the people have historically had to

survive by minimizing their water usage.

Nabateans used greywater for toilet flushing 500 B.C. (UmmAl-Bijara palace).



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Rural systemslow-cost but efficient - for irrigation

Urban systemslow-cost/ state-of-the-artirrigation and toilet flushing

Large-volume consumersstate-of-the-artirrigation, cleaning, toilet flushing



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How much drinking water do we really need?

Only 50% of our daily consumption need

to be drinking water.

Contribution to ecological sustainability

with Greywater Systems

Reduction of water usage by up to

50l /person/day

1st use: shower, hygiene, kitchen

2nd use for toilet flushing,cleaning and irrigation

3rd usereclaimed water -

irrigation only


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Separate pipes for greywater and blackwater (from toilets)

Separate pipes for drinking water and service water (treated greywater to toilets)

Dual PipingA MUST for in-house reuse

In-house reuse greywater systems need to be considered from the planning stage

of a project



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Schools, Student DormitoryRural home Mosque


Typical reuse options in rural areas



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Typical reuse options in rural areas

Tree and crop irrigation

Garden Irrigation

Greenhouse irrigation


.


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all GW systems for in-house reuse require a minimum of maintenance andfinancial input to be effective and safe for the users.

rural low-tech systems : grease traps and pump maintenance.

owners / households are responsible for that, It depends on the technical

skills and dedication

more sophisticated systems:pumps, filters and devices for disinfection.

require trained and skilled personnel to be operated sustainably. In hotels,

the maintenance staff can take over such task after a training or it can be

outsourced to a reliable service company.


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It is a challenge If systems are installed in large housing or multi-purposecomplexes. a maintenance structure has to be ensured BEFORE such

systems are installed, such service structures will also add to the running

cost of a building and financing has to be ensured. (normally paid by the

residents/ users).

Jordan has a few companies which can provide reliable maintenance

services for in-house reuse and existing unit are well maintained. But some

users are often not willing to pay for such services. Therefore, it also

requires a change in attitude towards sustainability of buildings in

general.


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Thank you for your attention

grey water management as part of water demand management in jordan

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