grey solutions for urban water management : jakarta case

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Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY ADMINISTRATION Presented on “C40 Workshop on Climate Adaptation and Risk Assessment “ Rotterdam, The Netherlands June 36, 2013 Feirully Irzal, MBA Senior Planner – Infrastructure Division Regional Development Planning Board Jakarta Capital City Administration INDONESIA

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Page 1: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

Grey Solutions for Urban Water

Management :JAKARTA Case

JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY ADMINISTRATION

Presented on “C40 Workshop on 

Climate Adaptation and Risk 

Assessment “Rotterdam, The Netherlands 

June 3‐6, 2013

Feirully Irzal, MBASenior Planner –

Infrastructure Division

Regional Development Planning BoardJakarta Capital City AdministrationINDONESIA

Page 2: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

OUTLINE

• FACTS AND PROFILE 

• MAJOR ISSUES

• WATER RESOURCE ISSUES

• JAKARTA FLOOD MITIGATION CONCEPT

• CURRENT AND FUTURE INITIATIVES OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

• CONCLUDING REMARKS

Page 3: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

Basic Social ‐

Economic Role

DKI Jakarta administration area:• 5 Municipalities and 1 regency• 44 districts• 267 sub district/village

Area : approx 650 KM2

Population:• Approx.

9.5 million (night time)• Approx. 13 million (day time)• Density approx. 14.000/km2

Jakarta and its surrounding cities form 

Metropolitan area Jabodetabek, 

population : approx.

25 million

miniature of Indonesia

Very contrast social status of its 

citizen:•Wealthiest vs poorest•Most educated vs most uneducated

Multi ethnic and very heterogenic

Economic growth 2012 6.5%

Forecasted to be competing with 

Singapore, Kuala  Lumpur Bangkok, 

and Ho Chi Min City as centre for 

business and trading.

Capital city

National Activity Centre for 

Economic, Business and Service

Communication hub for Indonesia

Tourism City

Cultural City

Centre for Higher Education 

FACTS AND PROFILE OF JAKARTA

Greater Jakarta 

(Jabodetabek) 

Page 4: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

MAJOR ISSUES OF JAKARTA

• Volume of solid waste in 2008:

29.364m3

/

day 

• Air pollution• Water 

pollution: 

concentration 

of 

DO, 

Ni, 

Cu, 

Zn, Hg above standard

• Rise of sea level• Land Subsidence• Destruction 

of 

Conservation 

Area 

on 

the 

ground, coastal side, sea and islands

• Lack of Green Open Space

EnvironmentEnvironment

Water ResourceWater Resource

• Flood caused by backwater, river flooding, 

clogged drainage system

• Low quality and quantity of clean and raw 

water especially in north Jakarta

• Limited coverage of piped wastewater network

• Excessive extraction of groundwater that 

causes land subsidence

• Intrusion of sea water

Page 5: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

WATER RESOURCE ISSUES

KEPULAUAN SERIBU

KEPULAUAN SERIBU

LOW LANDS

13 RIVERS

Jakarta‘s geographical and topographical setting as a Delta City makes it vulnerable to flood problems, this is due to:•Traversed by 13 rivers to Jakarta Bay•Part of Northern Jakarta lies in lowlands and frequently influenced by tidal condition causing backwater.

This condition is exacerbated by 

external factors:

1.Climate change: sea level increase 

and changes in rainfall intensity and 

pattern

2.Continuous land subsidence at a 

rate of as much as 10cm/year in 

certain part of north JakartaRainfall Pattern in Jakarta, 2010Source: Susandi, 2010

Land subsidence 1991‐1997

Page 6: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

PHOTOS OF URBAN WATERISSUES

Page 7: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

CURRENT AND FUTUREPREVIOUS CONCEPT

JAKARTA FLOOD MITIGATIONCONCEPT

Tanggu

l 3

Page 8: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

CURRENT & FUTURE INITIATIVES FOR FLOOD MITIGATION

1.

Completion of East Flood Canal construction

2.

Construction 

of 

interconnection 

between 

West 

Flood 

Canal 

and 

East 

Flood 

Canal3.

Dredging and normalisation of vital flood canals/rivers/lakes/polders

under the 

Jakarta Emergency Dredging Initiative Project4.

Reconstruction and capacity improvement of pumps

5.

Construction and heightened of sea embankments to anticipate the

increase in 

sea level rise and land subsidence in North Jakarta.6.

Resettlement of illegal housing along rivers/lakes and river widening

CURRENT INITIATIVES

FUTURE INITIATIVE

Preparation of Sea Defense Wall Master Plan to protect the Northern Jakarta from 

inundation 

caused 

by 

increase 

in 

sea 

level 

and 

continuous 

land 

subsidence. 

The 

development 

will 

also 

create 

momentum 

for 

urban 

redevelopment 

of

Northern 

Jakarta.

Page 9: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

CURRENT INITIATIVESJEDI(JAKARTA EMERGENCY DREDGING INITIATIVE)

• The project is a cooperative effort

between Central and Jakarta

Government  to dredge and rehabilitate 13 rivers and 5 reservoirs

in Jakarta to reduce the 

impact of flood. 

• Flood area will be reduced from 203 Km2 (in 2007) , to only 144 Km2 (30%)

• Current work ongoing:

• Tender preparation

• Land acquisition

and preparation for resettlement

• Preparation of Sludge Disposal Site, located in Ancol North Jakarta.

Page 10: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

FLOOD 2007 AFTER DREDGING

Flood area 203 Km2 Flood area 144 Km2

CURRENT INITIATIVESJEDIREDUCING FLOODED AREA

Page 11: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

CURRENT INITIATIVESEAST FLOOD CANALBANJIR KANAL TIMUR• 23.5 km Canal (flow from east to north Jakarta) with water 

catchment area of 20.125 Ha, expected to reduce 26 spots of 

flood area (from before 78 spots) and prevent flood for 

Industrial and Residential Area in East Jakarta (15.401 Ha).

The momentum is also leveraged not only for flood control but 

for redeveloping and redesigning the area, increasing city 

green open space and supporting the supply of clean water.

Page 12: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

FUTURE INITIATIVESNational Capital Integrated Coastal Development (NCICD)

In year 2010 In year 2030 In year 205066.355 x 106 m2

Or 10.26% of areaBelow the sea

131.914 x 106 m2

Or 20.41% of areaBelow the sea

187.997 x 106 m2

Or 29.09% of areaBelow the sea

Source: Study of Jakarta Coastal Defense Strategy

Strategies

1.Minimise land subsidence by:• Limit the ground water extraction• Provide sufficient supply of raw water 

from surface water• Develop water retention basins 

2.Develop Sea Defense Wall (NATIONAL 

CAPITAL INTEGRATED COASTAL DEVELOPMENT/ 

NCICD)NATIONAL CAPITAL INTEGRATED COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

Page 13: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

• Stage 1(Protection until 2020): – Short term coastal protection

• Stage  2 (Protection until 2030): – Integrated sea dyke construction with 

new land reclamation

• Stage 3 (Protection beyond 2030):– Construction of multi‐purpose sea 

dyke at Jakarta Bay

Page 14: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

NCICD INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES

1.

New 

land 

reclamation 

(approx.  5000ha)    in 

between 

the 

existing 

coastline up to ‐8m depth2.

Water 

recreational 

facilities, 

water 

trasportation, 

fisheries, 

raw 

water  reservoir, etc 

1.

Deep 

Sea 

Port 

in 

between 

the  outermost 

dyke 

(dyke 

at 

approx.  ‐

14m 

depth) 

and 

the 

new 

land  reclamation dyke (dyke 2) 

Page 15: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

NCICD INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES

1.

Access 

road 

(4 

lanes) 

on 

top 

of  the 

dyke 

along 

the 

existing 

coastline2.

Toll 

road 

(10 

lanes) 

and 

double‐

track 

railway 

line 

on 

top 

of 

the  dyke along the reclamation area.  This 

function 

as 

connector 

of 

airport, 

sea 

port 

and 

industrial  areas. 

3.

Toll 

road 

(10 

lanes) 

on 

top 

of  dyke 

at 

approx. 

6km 

off‐shore 

from 

the 

existing 

coastline 

This  function 

as 

East‐West 

by‐pass 

and 

form    part 

of 

the 

Merak 

– Surabaya National Toll network

Page 16: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

Coastal  Defense  Infrastructures  and  additional measures  that  are  non‐profitable  (‐) require  public financing  (Local/state  budget).  Investment opportunities that are profitable (+) may be funded by private sector through PPP Based on Cost‐Benefit Analysis, partial  investment on individual project  is  less  financially viable. However  if those projects  combined and  integrated would  result in  a  more  attracted  investment  package  that  is strategic and financially feasible.Moreover,  the  Integrated  Coastal  Development solution not only protects  the Northern  Jakarta  from inundation, but it also offers solution to the problems of  raw  water  supply,  river  pollution  and  traffic congestion in the city.  Flood  protection  combined  with  land  reclamation, infrastructure  development  and  urban  renewal,  is expected  to  transform Northern  Jakarta  into  a more attractive place for investment, living and working.

NCICD OFFERS INTERESTING PPP OPPORTUNITIES

Sea Dyke 

& River 

embankm

ent 

Polder 

and 

Retention 

Pond

Pump 

Stations

Water 

supply

Waste 

Water & 

Sanitati

on

Reclama tion

Toll Road

Deep Sea Port

Coastal Protection

Additional Measures

Investment Opportunities

Page 17: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

CURRENT PROGRESS OF NCICD -Masterplanning Phase (2013 – 2014)

1.

Strategic 

concept 

review 

of 

Jakarta 

Coastal  Defense 

Strategy 

to 

synchronize 

with 

other 

masterplans2.

Detailed concept design of coastal protection

3.

Pre‐design, 

pre‐Feasibility 

Study 

and 

Strategic  Environmental Analysis

4.

Cost 

estimate, 

Cost‐Benefit 

Analysis, 

funding  schemes

5.

Detailed stages of development6.

Preparation 

of 

Legal 

Framework 

for 

NCICD

Masterplan 

as 

basis 

for 

implementation 

and  invesment

Page 18: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

CONCLUDING REMARKS

1.

Jakarta 

is 

faced 

with 

environmental 

problems, 

such 

as  deteriorated 

surface 

water 

quality, 

shortage 

in 

raw 

water 

supply, 

land 

subsidence, 

urban 

flood    and 

tidal 

flood,  especially in the northern Jakarta

2.

Integrated 

Coastal 

Development 

concept 

offers 

a  breakthrough 

solution 

that 

does 

not 

only 

provide 

protection 

to 

the 

north 

Jakarta 

from 

flooding, 

but 

also  function 

as 

raw 

water 

reservoir 

and 

creates 

opportunities 

for 

investment 

in 

toll 

roads, 

Railway, 

deep 

sea 

port, 

land  reclamation, and urban redevelopment of north Jakarta.    

3.

There 

are 

plenty 

of 

endeavors 

need 

to 

be 

done 

for 

the  implementation 

of 

NCICD, 

that 

require 

stakeholders 

participation 

(community, 

Government 

and 

private  sectors)

Page 19: Grey Solutions for Urban Water Management : JAKARTA Case

JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY ADMINISTRATION

THANK YOU