KEY CONCEPT 3.1: EXPANSION & INTENSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION & EXCHANGE NETWORKS

IMPORTANCE/USE OF TRADE ROUTES FROM 2.3 GREW EXPONENTIALLY WITH MASSIVE EFFECTS ON THE EARTH

CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFUSION

DIASPORA

NEW CROPS IN NEW AREAS

DISEASE

BIG FOUR TRADE ROUTES…

…LED TO POWERFUL NEW TRADING CITIES

Silk Road-Trans Saharan-Mediterranean-Indian Ocean

TRADE

Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili, Huangzhou, Calicut, Baghdad, Melaka, Venice, (Tenochtitlan, Cahokia)

(**Notice the location of these cities along the trade routes. **)

(*The two American Cities are built along new American routes. *) NEW LUXURY GOODS SPREAD ALONG THESE ROUTES SILK COTTON PORCELAIN SPICES

GEMS SLAVES EXOTIC ANIMALS

NEW COMMERCIAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD: CARAVANSERAI (Roadside Inns) CAMEL SADDLES (Saddles for Camels) NEW NAVIGATIONAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD: COMPASS (from CHINA) ASTROLABE (from Hellenistic world) LARGER SHIP DESIGNS NEW NAVIGATIONAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD: COMPASS (from CHINA) ASTROLABE (from Hellenistic world) LARGER SHIP DESIGNS NEW ECONOMIC TOOLS FACILITATED THIS SPREAD: BILLS OF EXCHANGE CREDIT/CHECKS/BANKS GOVERNMENT COINS/PAPER MONEY TRADING ORGANIZATIONS (Hanseatic League) GOVERNMENT COMMERCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

o GRAND CANAL (see MAP in CHINA) All of this is EXPEDITED by the SPREAD of LARGE EMPIRES

CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGES

ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE & TECHNOLOGICAL ADAPTATION

VIKING LONGSHIPS

ARAB/BERBER CAMELS

CENTRAL ASIAN HORSES

MIGRATIONS BANTU MIGRATIONS

POLYNESIAN MIGRATIONS

LANGUAGES

BANTU (SWAHILI)

TURKIC

ARABIC

ISLAM

INTER-REGIONAL TRAVELLERS

MARO POLO

IBN BATTUTA

XUANZANG

• Based on revelations to MUHAMMAD o Think of it as Judaism 3.0 o Mix of Judaism, Christianity, &

Zoroastrianism with the Arab people of Arabian Peninsula

Spread: Militarily & via Trade

People living away from their HOMELANDS • MUSLIMS in the INDIAN OCEAN • CHINESE in SOUTHEAST ASIA • JEWS in the MEDITERRANEAN

To AFRICA

BANANAS

NEW RICE

To East ASIA

Dar-al-Islam & Mediter. Trade: Sugar, Cotton, & Citrus

ALONG WITH GOODS, INCREASED TRADE BRINGS DISEASE. Ex. The BLACK DEATH

NEOCONFUCIANISM, HINDUISM, & BUDDHISM

SOUTHEAST ASIA

ISLAM

SOUTHEAST ASIA &

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA

PRINTING &

GUNPOWDER FROM EAST ASIA

ISLAMIC EMPIRES &

WESTERN EUROPE

ISLAMIC EMPIRES

GREEK &

INDIAN MATH

GREEK SCIENCE &

PHIL.(Back to Europe)