greek lecture
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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HOMER The Illiad
and The Odyssey 7th century
B.C.
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What was needed to create theater in Greece:
A middle class to create/attend the plays. A sense of partiotism. Spare time. Relative peace and relative prosperity. A stable economy. A public sponsor and public encouragement. Appreciation for learning.
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PISISTRATUS – 560 BCE to 510 BCE
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PERSIAN EMPIRE IN 5TH CENTURY B.C.E.
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Greece,
Circa 500 B.C.E.
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PERICLES 495 B.C.E. to 429 B.C.E. Ruled from 460 B.C.E. to 429 B.C.E.
'All kinds of enterprises should be created which will provide an inspiration for every art, find employment for every hand... we must devote ourselves to acquiring things that will be the source of everlasting fame.'
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Parthenon at the Acropolis paid for, in part, by the Delian League
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ATHENA AND NIKE
Nashville, Tennessee
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NASHVILLE RECREATION
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ARCHAIC 6th Century BC
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SEVERE Early 5th Century BC
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CLASSICAL Mid 5th Century BC
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HELLENISTIC 4th Century BC
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CONJECTURAL MASK OF DIONYSUS
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DIONYSUS
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DIONYSUS Statue made 4th
Century B.C.E.— Roman copy of Greek original.
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Modern Production at Epidaurus
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MASKS OF TRAGEDY POSSIBLY CAST FROM MASKS WORN BY GREEK ACTORS.
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STRUCTURAL CONCEITS OF GREEK TRAGEDY
•! Prologue (exposition) •! Parados (entrance of the chorus) •! Episode (two person scene) •! Staisma (comment on the episode)
–!Episode and Staisma continue. •! Exodos (resolution and exit)
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Inciting Incident
Point of Attack
Rising Action
Climax
Falling Action
Resolution
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GENRES INVENTED BY THE GREEKS
•! TRAGEDY –! Character based, ends with the death or destruction
of a single main character. Based on mythology. •! SATYR
–! Plot based, bawdy parody of serious stories from mythology.
•! OLD COMEDY –! Character based critiques of the social norms. New
story ideas. •! NEW COMEDY
–! Plot based, formulaic plays about young lovers being kept apart by their parents – aka domestic comedies.
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THE POETICS BY ARISTOTLE
•! Written after the fact (circa 330 B.C.E.) •! Praises Sophocles over Euripides •! Three Unities
–!Space –!Time –!Action
•! One character – single action •! No subplots
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Satyr – modern depiction
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SATYR MASK
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Vase Painting of A Satyr Play.
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THE GREAT GREEK PLAYWRIGHTS
•! Aescylus (523 to 456 BC) Tragedy and Satyr •! Sophocles (490 – 406 BC) Tragedy and Satyr •! Euripides (480 – 406 BC) Tradedy and Satyr •! Aristophanes (445 to 385 BC) Old Comedy •! Menander (342 – 292 BC) New Comedy
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AESCHYLUS 523 B.C.E. to
456 B.C.E.
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Orestes kills Aegisthus, Clytemnestra flees
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Apollo cleanses Orestes with pig’s blood.
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Clytemnestra tries to awaken furies.
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Modern production of The Oresteia
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Oresteia at Thick Description, San Jose
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SOPHOCLES 496 B.C.E to 406 B.C.E.
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Oedipus Rex
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Contemporary production of Oedipus Rex
TYRONE GUTHRIE OEDIPUS REX
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Jocasta
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Expressionistic production of Oedipus Rex
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Euripides 480 BC to 406 BC
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Medea with two doomed children. Roman copy, 2nd
Century C.E.
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Media’s chariot
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Jason and Medea
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JASON AND MEDEA AUSTRALIAN PRODUCTION
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MEDEA AT ANTIOCH
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ARISTOPHANES 445 B.C.E. – 385 B.C.E.
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Vase Painting, possibly of THE BIRDS
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Possible depiction of THE BIRDS
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Comedy Mask of Old Man
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MASKS OF COMEDY
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Modern set design for The Birds
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Modern mask and costume for The Birds
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LYSISTRATA at Mt. SAC
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MENANDER 342 B.C.E to 292 B.C.E.
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Menander and masks
Menander with masks
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Differences between Old and New Comedy
•! OLD COMEDY –! New stories based on
pursuit of a “Happy Idea”
–! Political in nature –! Episodic –! Chorus is integral –! Mystical and varied
settings (likely on the orchestra)
–! Crass and sexual –! High verse
•! NEW COMEDY –! Formulaic stories based on
love interest and flawed character
–! Domestic in nature –! Five acts –! Chorus is incidental –! Street setting, likely on the
skena, with three doorways.
–! Polite –! Pedestrian dialogue
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Greek Architecture and Stagecraft
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Greek Theater, plan view
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Deus ex Machina or Mechane:
conjectural drawing
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Deus ex Machina Conjectural drawing
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Ekkeklema
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TWO MODERN CONJECTURES FOR THE EKKYKLEMA
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PINAKES
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Periaktoi
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This Roman statue may depict a Greek tragic actor. There is scant evidence that Kothurnae were worn in 5th Century B.C.E., but possibly they were used in 4th Century B.C.E.
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Modern Depictions of Cothurnae
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Oedipus Rex
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Contemporary production of Oedipus Rex
TYRONE GUTHRIE OEDIPUS REX
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