grammar with the
DESCRIPTION
Grammar with the . Subject Verb Agreement. Contractions: Don’t and Doesn’t. Don't is a contraction of do not and should be used only with a plural subject. They don't like grenades. Doesn't is a contraction of does not and should be used only with a singular subject. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Grammar with the
Subject Verb Agreement
Contractions: Don’t and Doesn’t
Don't is a contraction of do not and should be used only with a plural subject.They don't like grenades.
Doesn't is a contraction of does not and should be used only with a singular subject. Pauly D doesn't like grenades.
Compound Subjects
When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by or or nor, the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is nearer the verb.
Ronnie’s friends or Ronnie party at Karma.
Exceptions: I and You
The exception to these rules appears in the case of the first person and second person pronouns I and you. With these pronouns, the contraction don't should be used.
Split Phrases
Do not be misled by a phrase that comes between the subject and the verb. The verb agrees with the subject, not with a noun or pronoun in the phrase.
The people who listen to dubstep are few.
Singular Verbs
The words each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody, anyone, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one are singular and require a singular verb.
Everybody knows that Snooki got punched in the face.
There is/are
In sentences beginning with there is or there are, the subject follows the verb. Since there is not the subject, the verb agrees with what follows.
There are many questions in Sammi’s head.
Subject Verb Agreement
Expressions such as with, together with, including, accompanied by, in addition to, or as well do not change the number of the subject. If the subject is singular, the verb is too.
Ronnie, accompanied by Sammie, is traveling to Italy.
Irregular Verbs
Types of Verbs
Two Types of Verbs Regular
Punch punched A douchebag punched Snooki in the
face, and there was much rejoicing. Irregular
Swim swum No one has ever swum at the Jersey
Shore.
Regular Verbs
Three ways to form the past tense and past participle of regular verbs Add “-ed” Add an extra consonant and “-ed” Add “-d”
Regular Verbs, cont’d
Examples:Inject injected Ronnie injected himself with steroids
before working out.Drag dragged Snooki dragged J-Woww by her hair
extensions.
Regular Verbs, cont’d
Example:Fade faded After The Jersey Shore was cancelled,
the cast members faded into obscurity and rehab.
Past Tense/Past Participles
Change the interior vowel Keep the same form of the verb Change the ending
Many add “-en” for past participles Change the form of the verb
completely
Past Tense/Past Participles, cont’d
Examples:Begin began begun Pauly D began to turn orange after his
skin had begun to absorb the spray tan.Burst burst burst J-Woww burst into tears after the silicon
in her chest had burst due to a sudden change in air pressure.
Past Tense/Past Participles, cont’d
Examples:Get got gotten Snooki got plastered after her face
had gotten hammered by a tool.Be was/were been Pauly D was upset because his hair
gel had been stolen.
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Pronoun - word used as a substitute for a noun or, sometimes, another pronoun.
Antecedent - an earlier noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause in the same sentence or, if the reference is unambiguous, in a previous sentence.
Definitions
Common MisusesMissing Antecedent:
Ex: Ronnie asked J-Woww if those were real.
Multiple antecedents: Ex: “Pauly D and Ronnie met for some GTL before
continuing to his house to sleep.”
Multiple pronouns and antecedents in the same sentence:
Ex: “J-Woww and Snooki were angry at each other, so Ronnie told her to hide in the bathroom when she came in.
Pronouns without Antecedents
IYouExpletives (Ex: This, it’s)Relative pronoun – WhatInterrogative pronoun – who, which, and what
Adjective as an antecedent
A pronoun normally requires a noun or another pronoun as its antecedent.
Therefore adjectives should not be used as the assumed antecedent, with the exception of possessives.
Pronoun Antecedent Agreement
Pronouns and antecedents must agree in:
Number Person Gender Case
Number
Collective noun – singular pronoun Singular noun with two or more
adjectives – plural pronoun Two or more singular nouns or
pronouns joined with and – plural pronoun
Person
Nouns connected by and, or, or nor use one form of antecedent.
First person>Second Person>Third Person
Ex: Ronnie said to Pauly D, “You and I need to head out for our GTL.”
Gender
Two antecedents connected by and use a plural pronoun.
If the pronoun only refers to one antecedent when connected by and use the gender of the noun referred to.
Case
Nominative case: pronoun functions as the subject. I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Genitive case: pronoun which expresses ownership My, mine, your, yours, his, her, its, our, ours,
their, theirs
Objective case: pronoun functions as an object Me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
Case Examples
Ex: The Situation’s abs deserve their own show. (Genitive Case)
Ex: Snooki yelled at J-WOWW, “You and I are so not going to fight over him. (Nominative and Objective)
Sentence Fragments
Sentence Fragments
A sentence fragment is a group of words that is similar to a sentence but lacks a complete independent clause.
Deciding if it is a fragment
Is there both a verb and a subject?
Is it a subordinate clause?
Examples of Sentence Fragments
Out on the beach.Lacks a verb
Going to the gym.Lacks a subject
Because they were on sale. Is a subordinate clause
How to fix fragments
Snooki and JWOWW tanned on the beach.
Ronnie is always going to the gym. Snooki got a great deal on some hot
heels, because they were on sale.
Run-on Sentences
Run-On Sentences
A run-on sentence is a series of statements that are not punctuated correctly.
Comma splices are also a form of run-on sentences.
Examples:
I am just a girl I like to party.
Snooki slept in late today she had too many shots last night.
Ronnie wanted to work out today, he went to the gym this afternoon.
How do you know?If parts of your statements contains a subject and a verb, then that is an independent clause and can be separated into its own sentence.
I am just a girl I like to party.
Fixing Run-Ons
To correct run-on sentences: Separate the independent clauses Combine the two statements with a
coordinating conjunction
Examples
I am just a girl. I like to party.I am just a girl, and I like to party.
Snooki slept in today. She had too many shots last night.
Snooki slept in today, because she had too many shots last night.
Comma Splice Correction
Ronnie wanted to work out today. He went to the gym this afternoon.
Ronnie wanted to work out today, so he went to the gym this afternoon.
Ways to fix run-on sentences
I am just a girl. I like to party.I am just a girl, and I like to party.I am just a girl, so I like to party.I am just a girl, but I like to party.I am just a girl; I like to party.