grammar boot camp 3 : map & grammar (with review)
DESCRIPTION
Map: Islands (Corsica, Sardinia, Sicilia, Melita, Creta, Cyprus). Grammar: præpositio, pronómen personále, pronómen relatívum, pronómen interrogatívum, adjectívum. Review of Earlier Stuff.TRANSCRIPT
#1 #1
#1#1
#1#1
#1#1
#2a
#2a
#2a
#2a
#2b
#2b
#2b
#2b
#3
#3
#3
#3
Phonetics
PhoneticsThis is the study of speech sounds.
PhoneticsThis is the study of speech sounds.
Not sound in general. (That’s acoustics.)Not speech in general. (That’s linguistics.)
But specifically the sounds of human speech.
Vowel
VowelThis is a speech-sound made
with the vocal chords.
VowelThis is a speech-sound made
with the vocal chords.
Note that a vowel ≠ letter.Vowels are sounds.
Consonant
ConsonantThese are the other speech-
sounds.
ConsonantThese are the other speech-
sounds.
Like [p], [b], [f], [v], [k], [g], [t], [d], [þ], [ð], [x], [γ], [l], [r], [m], [n], [s], [z], [š], [ž], [β] and so forth.
Voiced Consonant
Voiced ConsonantConsonant that includesvocal chord vibration.
Voiced ConsonantConsonant that includesvocal chord vibration.
Such as [b], [v], [g], [d], [ð], [γ], [z], [ž], and so forth.
Unvoiced Consonant
Unvoiced ConsonantConsonant that does not
vocal chord vibration.
Unvoiced Consonant
Such as [p], [f], [k], [t], [þ], [x], [s], [š], and so forth.
Consonant that does notvocal chord vibration.
Syllable
SyllableOne vowel sound,
with accompanying consonant(s) (if any).
SyllableOne vowel sound,
with accompanying consonant(s) (if any).
antidisestablishmentarianism:an / ti / dis / e / stab / lish /
men / tä / ri / an / is / m
Noun
NounWord for a person, place or thing.
(NB nomen also means “name.”)
NounWord for a person, place or thing.
(NB nomen also means “name.”)
sky, earth, ocean, justice
Number
NumberSingular or Plural.
(Some languages also have other categories.)
NumberSingular or Plural.
(Some languages also have other categories.)
dog / dogsman / menshe / they
Person
Person1: the speaker(s),
2: the addressee(s), or3: other(s)
Person1: the speaker(s),
2: the addressee(s), or3: other(s)
1: me/us2: you/y’all
3: him/her/it/them
Pronoun
PronounWord that stands in for a noun.
PronounWord that stands in for a noun.
— —
Preposition
PrepositionA word attached to a noun or pronoun
to show its relationto other noun(s) or pronoun(s).
Preposition
to, for, with, against, around, from, between,beneath, among, through, atop, before,
athwart
A word attached to a noun or pronounto show its relation
to other noun(s) or pronoun(s).
Personal Pronoun
Personal Pronoun
— —
Personal Pronoun
1: I, me; we, us2: thou, thee; you
3: he, him, she, her, it; they, them
— —
RelativePronoun
RelativePronoun
A pronoun that “picks up”a noun already mentioned.
RelativePronoun
The man who sold the world.She’s the woman that I love.
A pronoun that “picks up”a noun already mentioned.
Interrogative Pronoun
Interrogative Pronoun
A question-pronoun.
Interrogative Pronoun
Tell me, who do you love?What are those shapes?
A question-pronoun.
Adjective
Adjective
A word for modifying a noun.
Adjective
red, beautiful, difficult, independent, short
A word for modifying a noun.