grammar launch

Parts of speech Parts of sentence Phrases Clauses

Grammar Launch


Questions… Ask lots of them!!

They show courageThey show interestExamples: “What did you mean when you said the word

_________?”

“One thing I still don’t understand is___?”


What is “Grammar”?

Grammar = a way of thinking about language


4 Levels of Analysis

We will analyze sentences on four levels.

What are the four levels?They are:

1. Parts of Speech2. Parts of Sentence

3. Phrases4. Clauses


Level 1: Parts of Speech

What are the 8 parts of speech?NounVerb

AdjectiveAdverbPronoun

PrepositionConjunctionInterjection


What is a noun?

NounDefinition: a noun is the name of a

person, place or thing. (this includes ideas)


Nouns (continued)

Proper nouns Vs. Common Nouns

(Mozart, Kennedy) (desk, epidermis)

Concrete Nouns Vs. Abstract Nouns

(Rock, cards) (freedom, attitude)

Singular nouns Vs. Plural nouns

(boat, flock, kindness)

(boats, flocks, kindnesses)


What is an Adjective?

ADJECTIVE:A word that modifies a noun or pronoun.

Modify? To modify is to change. Think of a frozen summit. Now think of a political summit. The idea of summit is changed.


3 Degrees of Adjectives

Positive Comparative Superlative

good better best

hot hotter hottest

cold colder coldest


Proper Adjectives Proper adjective are made out of proper nouns. England makes English. Rome makes Roman. Spain

makes Spanish.

Articles The articles are three adjectives: a, an, and the. Definite Article: the Indefinite Articles: a and an

Possessive Pronouns We will mark these as adjectives: His, her, my, our, etc.


What is an Adverb?

An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

Sanders swam slowly.

Joe is too tall.

We read well.


What is a Preposition? A Preposition is a word that shows the

relationship between its object and another word in the sentence.

Relationships of:Time Direction SpaceBefore, during, after To, from, toward In, on, beside, around, over, under


What is a verb?

The verb tells what the noun does: I saw him.

He ran away.

I will find him.

Or what the noun is: I am Mr. McCarthy.

You are my students.

This is our class.

A verb is a word that shows action or links a subject to a subject complement.


Action Verbs and Linking Verbs

Action Verbs (let’s mark them “AV”)Verbs that show action

Linking Verbs (let’s mark them “LV”)Verbs that link subject to subject complements and/or create

equations


What is a Pronoun?

Pronoun = A word that takes the place of a noun.Pronouns refer. They refer to other nouns. They make language fasterExample: Hamlet went to New York so that Hamlet could see

the Opera.Becomes:

Hamlet went to New York so that he could see the Opera.


What is a conjunction?Conjunction: a word that joins two

words or two groups of words

Coordinating Conjunctions: join words of similar importance

They are: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So (FANBOYS)

Subordinating Conjunctions: join something of lesser importance to something of greater importance

Some of them are: if, as, since, when, because (there are more)


What is an interjection?

Interjection: a word that shows emotion but has no grammatical function

Examples: oh, ugh, oof, wow, yes, no, oops

Wow, this car is really nice.

Oops, I put my muddy boots on your couch.

That’s all for Parts of Speech!


Recap: Quiz QuestionsWhat is a noun?What is adjective?What is an adverb?What is a preposition?What is a pronoun?What is a verb?What is a conjunction?What is an interjection?


What is a sentence?


What is a subject?


What is a predicate?


What is a direct object?


Practice

He hugged his shuddering body in both his arms.Part of speech

Parts of sentence

Pro AV adj adj n prep adj adj n

Subj pred DO OP


What is an indirect object?


What is a subject complement?


What is an object of preposition?

Definition: The noun or object pronoun that the preposition points to

The answer to the question: “Under what?” “Behind what?” “With

what?” etc.

Examples: before dinner, under the table, with my friends, over the rainbow, through the years, for Sally, around the corner


How do I know I am finished with the Parts of

Sentence section?Follow the recipe. When you’ve

followed all the steps, you’re done.


3-Step Recipe1. Find the predicate(s) and label it(them). 2. Find the subject(s) and label it(them).3. Decide whether the verb(s) are action or

linking, then make one of the following choices:

IF “AV”: IF “LV”:

Look for objects and label them.

First find DO(s).If there is a DO, look for an IO

Find the subject complement and label it.


What is a phrase

Phrase

A group of words without a subject/predicate set that acts like a single part of speech


What is a prepositional phrase?

Prepositional Phrase

A phrase that begins with a preposition and concludes with an object of the preposition


What is an appositive phrase?

Appositive PhraseAn interrupting definition

“WE INTERRUPT THIS SENTENCE TO BRING YOU A DEFINITION.”

Examples:Botticelli, the renaissance painter, painted angels. Mr. Van Natten, one of the school’s vice principals, is a cool

person.I just heard my favorite song, “The Humpty Dance”.


What is a gerund phrase?A phrase formed with a gerund (a noun

made from an -ing verb)Examples: Thinking deeply is fun.

I quit smoking cigarettes.

Constantly playing Halo 3 rots Mr. Plotts’ brain.

Cycling is a brutal sport.

NOTE: When gerunds appear by themselves, we will still label them in the phrase level


What is a participial phrase?

A phrase formed with a participle (an adjective made out of a verb) and its object

A participle is an -ing, -ed or –en verb made into an adjective.

Examples: The river was so swollen. The chopped wood is best for fire.

NOTE: When participles appear by themselves, we will still label them in the phrase level


What is an infinitive phrase?

A phrase formed with an infinitive (a noun or modifier made from the to- form of the verb)

They can be adjectives:The book to read is Hamlet.

Or the can be nouns. Here it is a direct object:Hamlet loves to read.NOTE: When infinitives appear by themselves,

we will still label them in the phrase level

grammar launch

Documents

equationsparts of speechparts

languageparts of speechparts

ideasparts of speechparts

parts of speechwhat

parts of speech2

parts of sentence3

attitudesingular nounsvs

epidermisconcrete nounsvs