grammar book final
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This is my GTRANSCRIPT
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Grammar BookAlejandro Bentle
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Table of Contents
SerEstarVerbs like GustarHacer ExpressionsPreterito Trigger wordsCar, Gar, ZarSpock VerbsCucuracha Verbs
DOPAffirmative
CommandsIrregular CommandsIOPSnakesSnakeysSe Impersonal
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SER!
Description-¿Que es? (Ex: Un papel, un libro)Origin-¿De Donde Es? (Ex: Nicaragua)Characteristics-¿Como Es? (Ex: Alto)Time- ¿Que Hora Es? (Ex: Son las dos)Occupation- ¿Que Hace (Ex: Es Doctor)Relationships- ¿Quien Es? (Ex: Es mi mama)
Possession- ¿De Quien Es? Events- ¿Cuando/Donde Es? (Ex: La Clase)Dates- ¿Que Dia es Hoy? (Ex: Lunes)
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ESTAR!
Health- ¿Como Estas? (Ex: Bien)Emotions- ¿Como Estas? (Ex: Triste)Location- ¿Donde Estas? (Ex:La Casa)Present condition- ¿Como Esta? (Ex:
Nublado)“ING”- ar: ando/ er-ir: endo
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VERBS LIKE GUSTAR
Gustar: To like Verbs Like “gustar” operate and are used in
the same ways as “gustar”.Examples:
◦Encantar- To love◦Fascinar- To Fascinate◦Molestar- To bother◦Doler- To Hurt◦Faltar- To miss◦ Importar- To matter◦Disgustar- To dislike
Examples:•Io pronouns:
o Meo Teo Leso Noso Oso Les
-Me gustan carros-Les gustan zanahorias
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HACER EXPRESSIONS
Use hacer expressions to express time using hace and a conjugated verb
Present Tense: Since/For
Past Tense: Ago
Hacer Expression
+ Hace
+ Time Que
+ Verb
Example:•Hace cinco dias que como una hamburguesa
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PRETERITO
AR
e
Aste
O
Amos
aron
ER/IR
í
Íste
Ió
ieron
imos
Esto es el preterito!
Trigger words for preterite:•Ayer•Antayer•A las (any time)•El (insert day)
A definite time in the past with a beginning and/or Ending
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PRETERITO (continued)
HablarHablé
Hablaste
Habló
Hablamos
Hablaron
ComerComí
Comiste
Comió
Comimos
comieron
Escribirescribí
Escribiste
Escribió
Escribimos
escribieron
YO
TúÉl, ella, Ud
Nosotros
Ellos, Ustedes
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TRIGGER WORDS
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CAR, GAR, ZAR
Car• qué• C to q
Gar• gué• G to
gu
Zar• cé• Z to c
In order to preserve the sound of the infinitive, a number of verbs change spelling in the preterite tense. The following changes occur in the "yo" form only
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SPOCK VERBS
Ir/Ser◦Fui◦Fuiste◦Fue◦Fuimos◦Fueron
Hacer◦Hice◦Hiceste◦Hizo◦Hiceimos◦Hicieron
Dar◦Di◦Diste◦Dio◦Dimos◦Dieron
Ver◦Vi◦Viste◦Vio◦Vimos◦Vieron
Hac
er
Ir
Ser
DarVer
•The “Spock” verbs are irregular verb forms of the preterite. They have different conjugations.
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CUCARACHA VERBS
Andar- aduvEstar- estuvPoder- pudPoner- pusQuerer- quisSaber- supTener- tuvVenir- vinConducir- condujProducir- produjTraducir- tradujDecir- dijTraer- traj
•e• Iste•o• Imos• Isteis• ieron
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DOPs
DOPs receives the direct action of the verb.◦Lo◦La◦Los◦Las
I ate a steak◦Comí un bistec.
She ate the steak◦ Ella comió lo bistec.
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AFFIRMATIVE COMMANDS
Formal:◦Affirmative:
• Ud./Uds.- put in the ‘yo’ form and change the opposite
Examples:◦Bebela
◦Negative: Same
Informal:◦ Affirmative
Tu- simply drop the ‘s’
DOP and IOP can attach to the affirmative command
◦ Negative: Tu- Put it in ‘yo’
form and change opposite vowel, add an ‘s’
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IRREGULAR COMMANDS
Tener Ten
Ver Ven
Dar Di
Ir Ve
Ser Sé
Hacer Haz
Poner Pon
Salir Sal
Tener Tenga
Ver Venga
Dar Dé
Ir Voya
Ser Seya
Hacer Haga
Estar Esté
Salir Sepa
Affirmative Negative
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IOPs
Answers the question:◦To Whom◦For Whom
Has no feminine factors
Examples:◦I gave it to her -----› Se lo di◦Give it to him -----› déselo
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SNAKES
Yo
Domí
Pedi
Tú
Dormiste
Pediste
Usted,Ella/El
Dormío
pidié
Nosotros
dormimos
Pedimos
Vosotros
Dormistes
Pedisteis
Ustedes
Durmreron
Pidieron
Snakes stem change in 3rd person
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SNAKEYS
Yo Tu Usted,Ella/
El
Nosotros
Vosotros Ustudes
Leí leáste leyó leímos líesteis leyeron
Creí creíste
creyó
creímos
creísteis
creyeron
Oí oiste Oyó oímos oísteis oyeron
Snakeys are verbs like leer, creer, and oir.
Change the I to the y in the 3rd person
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SE IMPERSONAL
Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb.◦ Se vende fruta en la frutería.
When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person.◦ Aquí se habla español.
Se can be used in all tenses.◦ Se hizo mucho.◦ Se hará mucho.◦ Se había hecho.