Mali-trition

Winnie, Mathusha, and Florence of Global OutreachIn partnership with Doctors Without BordersMali-trition

HungerDiscomfort or weakness is felt due to a lack of foodMalnutritionInsufficient/unbalanced amount necessary nutrientImpaired utilization of nutrients

Hunger: discomfort/weakness felt due to lack of food. In this case, very severe to the point that their lives become at risk in addition to healthMalnutrition: When one has an insufficient amount of one or more necessary nutrient, an unbalanced intake of nutrients, or impaired utilization of nutrients

2

Mali, AfricaPopulation: 13 million11% of population undernourished

Population: 13 millionRanked 160th of 169 countries in 2010 UNDP Human Development IndexMuch to progressOver 80% of rural population dependant on subsistence farming and livestock herding11% of entire population undernourished3

Causes - Poverty69% below national poverty lineCannot afford basic necessities

69% of the population lives below national poverty linePoverty results in incompetent dietCannot afford basic living necessities like shelter, food, waterEnvironmental conditions affect harvests, thus spiking food prices4

Causes Environmental factorsSpiked food prices due to impact to harvests that were necessary for people who relied on it

Spiked food prices due to impact to harvests that were necessary for people who relied on itErratic rains, pest infections, limited arable land, unpredictable weather, environmental degradation, fluctuation commodity prices, drought, floods 5

Causes Political ConflictConflict between Malian army and armed groupsDisplaced 250000 people since beginning of 2012Refugees arrive in:Drought affected areasLack of infrastructurePoor accessibility for aid organizationsLack of electricity

Conflict between the Malian army and armed groups Driven refugees to migrate, displacement of over 250000 people in northern Mali since the beginning of 2012 Refugees arrive in drought-affected areas, putting themselves in life-threatening situations due to the lack of water and food Migrate to neighboring countries such as Niger, already suffer from a hunger and malnutrition crisis Poor infrastructure, aid organizations struggling to deliver humanitarian aid due to accessibility Lack of reliable electricity affect production of potable water6

Prevalence of ChildrenOver 1 million lives of children at rick due to severe malnutrition 38% of children under the age of 5 suffering from chronic malnutrition

Substantial weight lossResult of nutritional deficits or acute illness, especially diarrhea 23% children aged under 3 are wasted or too thin for their heightStunting: shortness for age

Effects - Wasting

Result of nutritional deficits or acute illness, especially diarrhea 23% children aged under 3 are wasted or too thin for their heightStunting: when a child is not meeting the necessary calorie intake for development, his or her growth can stop8

Effects of Nutritional DeficienciesWithout sufficient calories and nutrition, immune functions a greatly affectedFever and malaria account for 48% of all illness casesDiarrhea accounts for 2%

Vitamin A deficiency: cause blindness, leading cause in the developing world Severe vitamin A deficiency: greater risk of getting sick or dying from infections such as measles or diarrheaWithout sufficient calories and nutrition, immune functions a greatly affectedSusceptibility to illness increases and immune system will have a greater difficulty fighting it offFever and malaria account for 48% of all illness casesDiarrhea accounts for 2%

9

Effects - HealthAppear fatigue and have low energy UnderweightStunted growthWeakened musclesBloated stomachsFragile bonesImproper organ functions Malnourished pregnant woman is at great risk of an underweight child with a lower chance of survival

Appear fatigue and have low energy, underweight, stunted growth, weakened muscles, bloated stomachs, fragile bones, improper organ functionsMalnourished pregnant woman is at great risk of an underweight child with a lower chance of survival

10

Effects - Death25% of Malian children die before age of 5 due to hunger or malnutrition57% of deaths among children related to malnutrition

25% of Malian children die before the age of 5 due to hunger or malnutritionPlacing Mali 5th highest in the worldEstimated 57% of deaths among children related to malnutrition

11

Activity

Goal 1:Target: Halve proportion of people who suffer from hungerHalve proportion of people who suffer from povertyStats:Population living undernourished- 1991: 2 million- 2006: 2 million

Percentage of population living under $1 a day- 1990: 86.1% - 2006: 51.4%

Goal 4:Target: Reduce by 2/3, under-five mortality rateStats:Under 5 mortality rate:- 1990: 259.7/1000- 2009: 191.1/1000

Infant mortality rate: - 1990: 139/1000- 2009: 101/1000

MSF teams are providing nutritional treatment and pediatric care in 5 health centers

15

Goal 8:Target:Address the special needsDeal with debt problemsProvide affordable essential drugs

Doctors Without BordersSince 1984Currently 360 staff in Mali (2011)Admit over 800 severely malnourished children every 3 months consistently

360 staff in Mali (2011)Been working in country since 1984Admitted over 800 severely malnourished children within 3 months, a consistent rate of admission from past years2 paediatric programmes run by MSF in southern MaliKanagaba and Konseguela

17

Kanagaba, Koulikoro region

Free basic healthcare to 6500 people2012 plans: offering antimalarial drugs

11 health centres, delivering free basic healthcare to 6500 people, half were children under 5Hospital receives up to 5x number of admissions during malaria peak (Aug-Nov) Total capacity increases to 350 bedsOver 6600 children admitted to paediatric wardAnother 4800 admitted to therapeutic feeding centre2012 plans: start offering antimalarial drugs as a preventive measure during annual malaria season to all children under five19

Koutiala region

53000 children treated20000 paediatric consolations1700 children with supplementary food

MSF working on 5 health centres and paediatric ward of the Koutiala district hospital since 2009Assists Ministry of Health and works in 4 community health centresProvide additional staff and supervisionDonation of drugs and logistical support in carrying out outpatient consultations and vaccinationsScreening and treatment for malnutritionStaff treated 53000 children, 30000 of them for malariaIn fifth health centre (Konseguela) MSF offers comprehensive health services for childrenEvery 3-6 months, healthy children aged 6 months 2 years are seen to receive supplementary milk-based food, routine vaccinations, mosquito netsMSF carried out 20000 paediatric consultations1700 children with supplementary food20

Mali: the Koutiala Pediatric Projecthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYAF7bGV5wM