governors drive and explorers road lapstone traffic review
TRANSCRIPT
Governors Drive and Explorers Road
Lapstone Traffic Review
August 2018
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 2 of 26
Introduction
Reason for this investigation
At the ordinary meeting of the Council on 27th June 2017, it was resolved:
MINUTE NO. 208
32. 17/117677. Parking arrangements Governors Drive and Explorers Road in Lapstone
A MOTION was MOVED by Councillors Van der Kley and Christie:
1. That the Council notes community concerns with the level of traffic congestion and the
impact on local residents of cars parking along Governors Drive and Explorers Road in Lapstone; and
2. That the Council receives a report of the levels of traffic along Governors Drive and Explorers
Road, Lapstone, the impact of current parking arrangements and potential treatments to improve
traffic flow in this area.
Community concerns with the level of perceived and reported traffic congestion and the impact of
car parking on local residents in the areas of Governors Drive and Explorers Road in Lapstone have
prompted this traffic review.
This report will investigate the level of traffic, the impact of parking arrangements and any potential
treatments to improve traffic flow in these areas.
Background information on the project
As with other residential local roads in the Blue Mountains, Explorers Road and Governors Drive are
50 kph zone residential streets. Both roads act as collector roads for the areas of Lapstone and
Glenbrook.
Explorers Road features straight and curved areas of road geometry. Lapstone Pre-School and
Lapstone Public school are located on Explorers Road with an accompanying 40 kph school zone.
Explorers Road, Lapstone is home to the sportsground of Lapstone Oval and Lapstone netball courts.
It accommodates local netball, rugby and tennis. The main off-road carpark for the sports field and
netball courts have been upgraded, sealed and line marked. Residents have raised their concerns in
regard to issues with congestion and parking during high use periods.
Governors Drive features undulating geography, curving road geometry narrow areas and crests. The
northern end of Governors Drive connects to the Great Western Highway (GWH). Residents have
expressed concerns with speeding and parking behaviour.
The attributes of these locations will be further elaborated on in the review of the area.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 3 of 26
Methodology
1. Review of existing information data
A review of previous investigations and existing background material was conducted. This included
customer service requests from residents citing speeding, poor driving and parking behaviour.
Correspondence was received from Police and feedback from Council officers including Rangers and
Recreation staff.
A desktop review of Roads and Maritime Service (RMS) NSW Centre for Road Safety crash data using
Council’s MapInfo system was undertaken of each segment. This data includes crashes up to the end
of December 2016 and is reported on in the review of each segment. It should be noted that
changes to the reporting of crash data have occurred and crash self-reporting including self-reported
injuries began in October 2014. Trends from 2014 are expected to vary from previous years with
more unknowns expected in self-reported data. Bus data was received from the CDC Bus Company
regarding bus routes.
A road safety audit was conducted of Explorers Road between Achievement Avenue and Governors
Drive in August 2015 by Calibre Consulting. Road safety risks were identified at specific locations but
there were no comments specifically on traffic flow or parking behaviour. The report identified that
there were a high number of pedestrians during peak events such as sporting events and school
hours.
A review of previous and current traffic surveys data for Explorers Road and Governors Drive was
also undertaken to examine speed and volume. Road characteristics will also be reported on to
include information on road length and pavement condition in the review.
2. Inspections
An initial project team visit was conducted in January 2018 to identify appropriate segments for
traffic investigation and initial traffic concerns. A template was prepared to provide a consistent
inspection process.
The investigation area was divided into the following segments:
1. Explorers Rd from Lucasville Rd to Emu Rd.
2. Explorers Rd from Emu Rd to Governors Drive.
3. Explorers Rd, from Governors Drive to Lapstone Station including Dawes Place.
4. Governors Drive from Byrne St to Explorers Rd.
5. Governors Drive from Explorers Rd to Hume Rd.
6. Governors Drive Hume to Tunnel Gully Bridge.
A series of six inspections were undertaken in February of each segment. These included weekday
and a Saturday inspections where relevant to assess any traffic flow and parking issues during the
peak period of winter sporting activity. Existing data and inspection results have also been reviewed
and incorporated in the results as they relate to each segment.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 4 of 26
Figure 1: Map of segments – BMCC MapInfo system
Results
Segment 1 Explorers Rd from Lucasville Rd to Emu Rd.
Background
This segment connects Glenbrook to Lapstone and the Great Western Highway and is a 50 kph zone.
It is also an entry point to Lapstone Public School and a key part of the local bus route.
The road length in this segment is 758 metres. Road widths vary in two locations, Lucasville Road to
Avoca Rd, 6 metre wide and Avoca Rd to Emu Road is 7 metres wide. (Data, BMCC Asset register).
In terms of the condition of the road pavement, the overall condition index which considers surface
and pavement or structural distresses of this segment is considered excellent. There is some
cracking in the area from Explorers Rd from Lucasville to Avoca Rd. The standard in this particular
location for roughness is considered fair. In examining, Explorers Rd, Avoca Rd to Grey St, the
overall condition (OCI) and Pavement Condition (PCI) is excellent but in terms of roughness (Average
IRI), in this location it is considered good with the exception of Grey Street which is considered poor.
(BMCC Pavement Condition data) (See appendix for definitions of Pavement Indexes)
Although there are two areas with a greater degree of roughness, from a traffic perspective the
segment functions well with no impact from these conditions.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 5 of 26
A review of crash data using Councils MapInfo system shows that since 1998 - 2016, 8 tow-away
crashes and 6 injury crashes reported in this segment. The majority of crashes were off road crashes
and into objects (not vehicles). One of the injury crashes occurred in the past five year period and
this was an off road crash on a bend, speeding was identified as a contributing factor. The other
injury was vehicle pedestrian crash near the intersection of Explorers and Grey Street.
From the background review of information there are no crucial additional issues to report.
Current Traffic Conditions and Challenges:
Inspection Monday 19th
of February 2:30pm (EK, SM)
This segment is part of the connection for Glenbrook to Lapstone and the Great Western Highway. It
is also an entry point for Lapstone Public School. It forms part of the school bus route and is also
primarily residential. The inspection was conducted while school zone conditions were in operation.
A refuge inhabits the intersection of Explorers Rd and Lucasville Rd, which does not meet current
Australian standards (AS1742.10). The width of the island is not correct and requires advanced
warning signage. There is a give way sign near the refuge, which has double barrier lines to the
guardrail.
There are faded double barrier lines from Avoca to Lucasville Rd. Line markings at the intersections
are faded. Straight sections are considered adequate in terms of sight distance.
The road contains straight, curved and sloped areas. A sharp bend in this segment restricts the line
of sight. Signage in this segment advises of the curved road, slow and duck signage as well as 50kph
speed advisory signs.
This segment also includes rollover kerb, pedestrian footpaths, formal parking arrangements and no
stopping areas. It also forms part of a bus route and has bus stops. The length of the guardrail on the
straight, between 7 and 19 Explorers Road is 115 metres. There is a pedestrian path on the opposite
side of the road in this location.
Review
• An increase in traffic flow was observed flowing in and out of the school zone which begins
at Emu Road.
• No restrictions regarding parking arrangements but there is no on-street parking in parts of
the segment. Some parking was observed on verge areas.
• The overall condition of the road pavement was observed to be good.
• Crash data review determined minor crashes but these were not related to parking or traffic
flow issues.
Recommended Actions
It was observed that parking and parking behaviour is not impacting on traffic flow. From the review
of background information and correspondence this segment does not appear to be considered the
key area of concern in regards to congestion and parking. However the following actions can be
undertaken and would be noted to improve road safety
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 6 of 26
• Renewal of line marking as required double barrier lines on curves and at intersections.
• Install advanced warning signs for pedestrian refuge.
• Upgrade pedestrian refuge to meet current Australian standards when renewal is required.
Segment 2 - Explorers Rd from Emu Rd to Governors Drive
Background
This segment is part of the connection for Glenbrook to Lapstone and the Great Western Highway.
The key usage of this area is as a sports precinct and school zone. The segment includes a sports
ground, tennis courts, netball courts and rugby fields. The school zone operates from Emu Road and
includes Lapstone Public School and Lapstone Pre-School. There are also residential aspects to this
segment.
Upgrades were conducted in the off-road carpark adjacent to the Netball Courts on Explorers Road
which has included sealing and formalising parking spaces to include, line marking and signage,
accessible parking spaces and drop off points within the car park. The car park adjacent to the Tennis
Courts is also sealed and line marked.
Road Length in this segment is 930 metres. There are two variations in road width. From Emu Road
to Achievement Avenue is 7 metres in width, to Walton Rd. Walton Rd to Governors Drive is 8.5
metres. (Data, BMCC Asset register).
In terms of the road condition of this segment of road pavement, the overall condition index which
considers surface and pavement or structural distresses of this segment is considered excellent.
Average IRI or roughness is considered fair /good in Achievement Rd to Walton Rd (There is line
cracking in one location). Pavement Condition Index (PCI): which considers pavement distress is
rated as good/excellent. (BMCC, Pavement Condition data)
Crash data since 1996, there has been 14 injury crashes and 11 tow-away crashes. Since 2014, there
have been 2 tow away crashes recorded in this segment. (BMCC, MapInfo crash statistics). One of
these crashes was a rear end crash with distraction being a factor. In the majority of the injury
crashes were off road / on bend crashes where speed and sometimes wet conditions were
contributing factors.
Due to concerns regarding road and pedestrian safety, and a crash history of run-off crashes on the
bends between Achievement Avenue and Lapstone Oval, Council received RMS Blackspot program in
2013/2014. This funding enabled a safety upgrade to Explorers Road in this segment. Works
included the installation of a raised median, curve and advisory signs, installation of guardrail on
roadside and at Explorers Road and Achievement Avenue to 500 metres east.
A Road Safety Audit was conducted by Calibre Consulting in August 2015 to review this area. The
audit considered the traffic facilities, devices and infrastructure in this location. They observed a
“high number of pedestrians during specific peak hours associated with sports events and Lapstone
Pre-School during school hours, weekends and sporting events”. The report detailed issues and
potential road safety risks; it also noted that Explorers Road near Lapstone Public School that the
northern side of Explorers Road, the grassed verge is used for parking by staff and visitors to the
school. They identified some damage to the pavement edge. There were no shoulders or edge lines
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 7 of 26
in this location. In terms of the focus of this traffic review there were no other relevant items to
report.
Speed count surveys conducted were during June 2018, results in Table 1, represent a 7 day sample
of the winter peak period. These were positioned near the Pre-School corner of Achievement &
Explorers Rd
Date 11-16 June 2018
Location Explorers Road
Near Lapstone Pre-school
Average speed
Both directions
52.5kph
85th percentile
Both directions
58.5kph
AM Peak weekday
(vehicle volume)
Both directions
9am -10am
Range (242 - 269).
Average = 258
PM Peak weekday
(vehicle volumes)
Both directions
6pm-7pm
Range (249-645)
Average = 337
AM Peak weekend
(vehicle volume)
Both directions
11am-1pm
Saturday (468)
Sunday (167)
PM Peak weekend
(vehicle volume)
Both directions
12pm-1pm
Saturday (475)
Sunday (214)
Table 1: Summary of traffic count data Explorers Road, Lapstone
It can be noted that the 85th
percentile is 58.5kph is high. Average speed in both directions was
52.5kph. From the traffic survey data, volumes were higher during Saturday peak times associated
with sports activities than AM/PM peaks on weekdays. Volumes were at there highest (645) on key
weekday evening this can be assumed to be sports training times and peak commute times. From
the recorded traffic volumes, Saturday peak volumes were high which reflected the usage periods
for Saturday sporting activities.
In terms of traffic impacts, the RTA Guide to Traffic Generating Developments, 2002 provides
information on traffic volumes for collector roads with a maximum speed of 50kmh. In terms of
environmental considerations 300 is considered the desirable maximum peak hour performance
with a recommendation of an absolute maximum of 500 being the goal for this road class.
Current Traffic Conditions and Challenges
• Inspection 1 - 9:30am Thursday 15/2/2018 (TM, EK & SM)
• Inspection 2 - 1pm Saturday 17 February (non – sports period) (EK, SM)
• Inspection 3 - 8:30am – 11:30am Saturday 16th
of June (peak sports season) (EK, SM)
This area is one of the key areas of concern in relation to parking and traffic flow, therefore three
inspections were conducted; a weekday morning, a Saturday morning out of sports season and a
Saturday morning during peak sports season.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 8 of 26
The initial inspection focussed on observations of road geometry and traffic devices. The road
geometry features straight, curved and sloped areas. Existing infrastructure and traffic devices in this
segment include; T- intersection (Governors Drive/ Explorers Rd), existing shared path off road. In
non-peak time this segment generally caters to the size of the vehicles that use it.
As noted the segment contains a school zone (40kph) which begins at Emu Road and finishes on the
curves before the sporting facilities. This area includes school zone signage and a pedestrian crossing
near Achievement Avenue, with corresponding line markings and advisory signage indicating an
approaching pedestrian crossing. Bus zone and no stopping areas are positioned in front of the
school on both sides of the road.
The curves on Explorers road in this segment make it challenging to see oncoming vehicles (blind
curve). In terms of line markings there are broken single centrelines, double barrier lines, and
audible lines – raised pavement markers in yellow and edge lines. This section includes guardrail
measuring 130 metres.
In the upgraded area, a concrete centre median strip in the curved area of Explorers Rd. Excessive
signage near the shared path and curves (town entry sign, bike to school, ducks, slow down). Shared
cycle path is 2.2m from signage. There are duplicated of slow-down signs.
On the curve adjacent to the Rugby sports fields there is another segment of guardrail measuring
130 metres.
Photo 1: Explorers Rd
The pedestrian refuge located next to the sports ground does not follow current standards but
would have met standards at the time of installation. The hoop is missing and line markings are
faded and in poor condition. The stop sign at Achievement Rd and Explorers Rd has been installed in
the correct location.
Review
• The observed road condition would be considered good.
• During non – peak sports periods, formal parking areas near tennis courts and next to
netball courts and sports field parking, occupancy was low.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 9 of 26
• During peak sport season, formal parking areas (including the tennis court parking and the
larger sealed carpark) were at 100% capacity by 9:10am. Vehicles were observed to be
parking on grass and in unmarked spaces in these areas.
Photo 2: Carpark adjacent to netball courts Saturday 9am.
Photo 3: Explorers Rd near Tennis Courts and Lapstone Pre School
Photo 4: Explorers Rd mid-morning near netball courts
• Vehicles were parked in the unmarked area near clubhouse.
• Angled parking in the unsealed and unmarked area opposite the netball courts was at
capacity up to the bus stop near the intersection of Governors Drive and Explorers Road.
Vehicles were observed to be parking into the bus zones as morning progressed.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 10 of 26
Photo 5: Explorers Rd, Darkes common near pedestrian refuge
• Overflow of parking by vehicles into the intersection of Explorers Road and Governors Drive.
Parking begins to impact on both sides of Governors Drive and numerous U-turns in the
middle of the Governors Drive/Explorers Road intersection were observed.
• The area reaches beyond parking capacity by mid-morning , illegal parking observed in the
area across from the sports clubhouse on west side of Explorers Rd, six cars are parked in
the No Stopping zone.
Photo 6: Explorers Rd Pre-school and Tennis Courts
• Parking in front of the Pre-School (has some No Stopping signage) and towards the shared
path and signage on curve of Explorers Road. Illegal parking adjacent to shared path with
some cars blocking path.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 11 of 26
Photo 7: Explorers Rd, across from Sports ground
• Parking occurring in the Darkes Common Area (Lapstone Gully).
Photos 8 & 9: Southern end of Explorers Rd.
• In terms of traffic flow, constant turnover was observed throughout the morning with cars
changing over as sports games end and start. There was a constant flow of vehicles seeking
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 12 of 26
parking. Parking overflow /spill into the residential south end of Explorers Drive and
Governors Drive was also observed.
• An increase during peak sports period of pedestrians crossing the road at different points on
Explorers Road.
• In terms of the relationship with the traffic data surveys undertaken on Explorers Road, the
peak volumes are 9am on a weekday may reflect school and pre-school drop off times. The
highest volume (645) was recorded on a Thursday evening at 6pm which may reflect sports
training and commuter travel.
• Saturday 19th
of June shows a spread of higher volumes from 9am – 6pm which may reflect
the access and usage of the sports grounds.
• The Blackspot upgrades and sealed carpark areas have improved the area, however during
peak sports season the entire area reaches parking capacity by 9am Saturday. By mid-
morning a range of illegal parking was witnessed, including vehicles impinging on bus zones,
parked in unmarked areas and in formal no-stopping areas as well as into intersections.
• Traffic surveys also demonstrate that there is an increased traffic flow during sports training
periods on some weekday evenings.
Recommended Actions
This segment is an area of concern regarding parking and traffic flow. There is turnover throughout
the morning which increases the traffic flow and volumes. Consideration should be given to:
• Rationalisation of signage on curve in upgraded area of Explorers Rd. The signage is cluttered
and is distracting to road users.
• Weekend timed parking to increase turnover in on-road parking in sports precinct.
• Further formalisation of parking areas in the sports precinct on Explorers Road, such as
marked parking bays on netball courts side and construction/formalisation of parking
opposite to the netball courts.
• No stopping zone restrictions around intersection of Governors Drive and Explorers Road to
maintain sight distances.
• Pedestrian refuge requires the installation of a hoop and could be upgraded to meet
Australian Standards if renewal funding became available.
• High level need for enforcement on peak times and sports days when multiple sports are
being played. This is subject to Council Ranger resources and availability.
• Improving line marking where faded.
• Stop sign at intersection of Achievement Rd and Explorers Rd needs installation corrected
and to be set back 10 metres.
• Physical barriers to stop parking in Darkes Common area/ Lapstone Gully area.
• Installation of an additional Kiss and Ride area on-street (5 minutes drop off zone). See photo
10.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 13 of 26
Photo 10: Possible location for kiss and ride
Segment 3 Explorers Rd from Governors Drive to Lapstone Station including Dawes Place
Background
Usage in this segment is primarily residential, commuter orientated it is also part of a bus route.
From correspondence received from the CDC bus company, it is the road geometry of Darwin Drive
which presents the main challenge when two buses are coming from opposing ends and there are
parked cars to manoeuvre around.
Road Length in this segment is 810m. In terms of road width there are the following variations; from
Governors Drive to Evans Parade, the road pavement is 8m, from Evans Parade to Caley Crescent the
width is 7 metres, from Caley Crescent to Hume Rd the width is 6metres. From Hume Rd to Dawes
Place the width is 12 metres.
Road Condition data in terms of the condition of the road pavement, the overall condition index
which considers surface and pavement or structural distresses of this segment is considered
excellent. From Hume Rd to Dawes Place there is some line cracking and in some specific areas the
roughness indicators would be considered fair/poor (BMCC, Asset Data). Overall from a traffic
perspective the segment functions well with no impact from these conditions.
Since 1998, there has been 3 tow away crashes and 1 injury crash reported. None of these crashes
occurred in the last five years from 2016. One of the towaways was a head on crash with distraction
as a factor, two of the towaway crashes were at the same point in the road geometry and were off
road crashes at a bend with speed being a factor.
Current Traffic Conditions and Challenges
Inspection Monday 19th
of February 2:30pm (EK & SM)
The road features upright kerb with the exception of a portion of the southern side of the road
pavement which is adjacent to bushland (Explorers Reserve). The residential side of the road has
kerb and guttering. The road design has sharp curves and narrows with the road geometry being
almost at a 90 degree angle in some locations.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 14 of 26
A Give Way sign and double barrier centrelines (approximately 15 metres length) are present at the
beginning of the road segment at the Explorers Road, Governors Drive intersection, this area is wide.
No curve advisory signage is present on first sharp bend of Explorers Road where road begins to
narrow. There is black and white chevron signage near 195 Explorers Road where road is a sharp
almost 90 degree turn. A 50 zone speed sign is located opposite 173 Explorers Road.
This segment is part of bus route, there is a bus zone located near Lapstone station which is not DDA
compliant due to a lack of access ramp, tactile ground surface indicators and narrow footpath
widths. Bus zone signage is also positioned too low at Dawes Place near train station and this
requires replacement.
Review
• As vehicles manoeuvre around corners the road geometry is almost at right angles.
• Line marking and delineation are generally appropriate for this segment.
• Parking is adequate and there are no timed restrictions in the commuter car park area.
• During peak sports period it was observed that cars parked in close proximity to the
intersection of Explorers Road and Governors Drive. This creates a line of sight issue with the
intersection.
Recommended Actions
The parking and traffic flow issues in this section are not of major concern however increase road
safety improvements could be achieved with the following:
• Install sharp bend advisory sign before first sharp bend at the beginning of segment.
• Consideration to be given to adding bus zone near train station to Council programs to
ensure DDA compliance. Bus zone signage also to be upgraded.
• Installation of No Stopping signs at the intersection of Explorers Road and Governors Drive.
Segment 4 Governors Drive from Byrne St to Explorers Road
Background
This segment is residential, it is a sign posted 50 kph zone and it is a no through road. It contains a
bus route.
The Crash Data in this segment was reported as 2 injury crashes and 5 tow away crashes. Within the
Explorers Road / Governors Drive intersection, 5 cross-traffic crashes have occurred (1 injury and 4
tow away crashes). One tow away crash was reported in this segment in the last 5 years.
Road Length in this segment is 430m. The road width is consistent in this segment; Byrne to
Explorers Road is 8.5metres. From Council’s road pavement condition data the road pavement in
this segment is considered good to excellent
Current Traffic Conditions and Challenges:
Inspection conducted Monday 3:30pm 19/2/2018 (EK, SM)
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 15 of 26
Traffic devices and infrastructure in this segment include; a vertical kerb design on both sides of the
road and 50 kmh zone speed signage. Double barrier lines feature in the entire segment to Byrnes
Road. Governors Drive is a no through road after Byrnes Street.
Review
• Road pavement is observed as good.
• The double barrier centrelines are faded in parts. Straight-road and a good line of vision
from Byrne Street.
• Some parking overflow occurs during peak sports times at the intersection of Explorers
Road/Governors Drive is impacted by parking into the intersection.
• Residents are parking on both sides of the road in this segment. Buses and other vehicles
travel in the middle of the road and over the double centre lines.
Photo 11: Vehicles travelling across double lines in segment 4
Recommended Actions
For the most part, this segment fits residential usage.
• As noted vehicles are parked on both sides of the road in parts of this segment. Given the
residential nature of this segment, low speed and low volumes in this segment. The double
barrier centrelines are not required and could be removed.
• Signage restricting parking in Explorers Road / Governors Drive intersection to counteract
illegal parking in this location on peak sport days and improve line of site issues.
Segment 5 Governors Drive from Explorers Road to Hume Road
Background
This is a key segment of concern, residents have expressed concerns regarding road safety issues
and speeding behaviours in this location.
Road usage is primarily residential but Governors Drive also serves as a collector road with vehicles
using this as an alternative route to the Great Western Highway.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 16 of 26
The road width from Explorers Road to Hume Road is generally 8.5 metres in width (BMCC, Assets
Data). From Council’s road pavement condition data the road pavement in this segment is
considered good to excellent. The road length in this segment is 370 metres.
Crash Data for this segment does not include the Governors Drive/Explorers Road intersection which
was reported on in segment 4. There were 6 tow away crashes along this section of Governors Drive.
Two of these crashes were head on crashes. A towaway head-on crash occurred on Governors Drive
near Caley Crescent with wet road surface conditions. A second head-on towaway crash occurred
near the first main curve in wet conditions. The latest recorded off road crash off this bend with
speed and fatigue being factors. The remaining two crashes in this segment were off road crashes
with speed being a factor in one of these. It is important to also consider the changes to self-
reporting of crash data after 2014. It is possible that there may be some unrecorded towaway crash
data looking at the history of this segment.
Date 1-7 May 2016
Location 12a Governors Drive
Average Speed
Northbound
48.1 kph (weekday avg)
47.4 kph (total avg)
85th
percentile
Northbound
54kph
Average Speed
Southbound
47.6 kph (weekday average)
47.4 kph (total average)
85th percentile
Southbound
54 kph
Average speed
Both directions
47.4kph
85th percentile
Both directions
54kph
AM Peak weekday
(vehicle volume)
Both directions
8 - 9am
Range (205-245)
Average = 228
PM Peak weekday
(vehicle volumes)
Both directions
5 - 6pm
Range ( 176-209)
Average = 191
AM Peak weekend
(vehicle volume)
Both directions
10 - 11am
Saturday (256)
Sunday ( 214)
PM Peak weekend
(vehicle volume)
Both directions
12 - 1pm
Saturday (291 )
Sunday ( 195)
Class 1 vehicles
(light vehicles- 2 axles)
96.9%
(2116 total p/week)
Table 2: Summary of traffic survey data May 2016
A traffic survey was conducted in May 2016, for the Slow Down in My Street road safety project; this
is a 7 day representation of the data prior to behavioural interventions in this project.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 17 of 26
The location of the traffic survey was at the top of a slope and data was collected at 12a Governors
Drive (near Evans Parade). Data results from this location show the average speed was 47.4kph and
the 85th
percentile was 54kph and 96.9% of traffic was in the 2-axle light vehicle category (cars, light
vans, bicycles and motorcycles).
Current Traffic Conditions and Challenges
• Inspection conducted Saturday 1:30pm 17/2/2018 (EK, SM)
• Inspection conducted Monday 3:50pm 19/2/2018 (EK, SM)
There is upright kerb but here no existing road shoulder in this segment. This segment has
undulating topography and a number of variations in road geometry such as straight, sharp curve
and slopes and a crest. Signage includes two speed signs, dip sign, hazard sign and signage depicting
curves. Some parts of the double centreline marking have faded.
Police have also provided advice that this segment is difficult to monitor and enforce for speed
compliance due to restraints of the road and residential nature. Feedback from Police has also noted
support for road centreline remarking and treatments to discourage speeding and crossing of the
centrelines.
It is noted that for this type of road and the traffic functions of this segment, lane widths are
recommended at 3 metres and 2.5 metres is required for parking.
Review
• Vehicles were observed travelling across the centre lines of the road.
• There are no formalised parking restrictions in this segment.
• Vehicles observed to be parking on nature strip/verge.
• Some parking also in close proximity to the corner, which is affecting site distance of vehicles
proceeding down the road.
• Some parking was observed adjacent to kerb near Hume Road. In terms of sight distance, for
vehicles exiting Hume Road, vehicles parked on Governors present a visual obstruction and
pose some risk.
• The traffic survey data was conducted at the top of a hill and shows that the average is
47.4kph but the 85th
percentile is 54kph.
• Given the 8.5 metre width of the road, allowing parking on both sides is not ideal and
requires review.
Photo 12: Governors Drive to Evans Parade
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 18 of 26
Photo 13: Verge parking Governors Drive
Photo 14: Vehicles travelling across centrelines
Recommended Actions
Given the site distance issues, traffic volumes, and the usage of this segment allowing parking on
both sides is not an appropriate outcome.
• Retain double-line marking on the dip and the crests/curve for safety.
• Consider parking restrictions to improve sight distances for vehicles entering Governors
Drive from Hume Road.
• Investigate realignment of centreline, installation of edgelines and no parking restrictions on
one side as required.
• Consider centreline treatments to discourage excessive speed and crossing of centrelines.
Segment 6 - Governors Drive Hume to Tunnel Gully Bridge
Background
This is a key segment of concern in regards to traffic flow and parking on Governors Drive. There has
been a history of speeding, driver behaviour and road safety concerns raised by residents to Council,
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 19 of 26
residents to Local Representatives and Police. Correspondence has been received from residents
observing speeding behaviour and raising issues regarding sight distance. Police have undertaken
enforcement in the area and have also corresponded with Council requesting consideration of
repainting centrelines and or installing rumble strips and raised concrete median strips to deter this
behaviour. They have also commented that due to the nature of the layout of this area it is difficult
to conduct ongoing enforcement.
In terms of data collection, a number of traffic count surveys have been conducted in this segment.
Representative data comparing a 7 day interval between the sites and time periods can be seen in
the table below:
Date May 2016 February 2017 July 2018
Location 25 Governors Drive 40 Governors Drive 44 Governors Drive
Average Speed
Northbound
48.2kph (weekday avg)
47.7kph (total avg)
52 kph (weekday avg)
52.1 kph (total avg)
-
85th
percentile
Northbound
54kph 60 kph -
Average Speed
Southbound
43.2 kph (weekday
average)
43.1 kph (total
average)
48.4 kph
(weekday & total avg)
-
85th percentile
Southbound
49 kph 56kph -
Average speed
Both directions
45.8kph
50.5kph 50.1kph
85th
percentile
Both directions
52kph 59kph 58.9kph
AM Peak weekday
(vehicle volume)
Both directions
8 - 9am
Range (223 - 260).
Average = 242
8 -9am
Range (255-290)
Average = 269
8 - 9am
Range (237-267)
PM Peak weekday
(vehicle volumes)
Both directions
5-6pm
Range (136-238)
Average = 216
4-5pm
Range (180-424)
Average (233)
5-6pm
Range (192-226)
Average (189)
AM Peak weekend
(vehicle volume)
Both directions
10-11am
Saturday ( 278)
Sunday (178)
10-11am
Saturday (226)
11am-12pm
Sunday (187)
11-12am
Saturday (241)
11am-12pm
Sunday (193)
PM Peak weekend
(vehicle volume)
Both directions
12-1pm
Saturday (303)
Sunday (219)
12-1pm
Saturday (259)
1-2pm
Sunday (180)
12-1pm
Saturday (215)
1-2pm
Sunday (209)
Table 3: Comparison of speed count data Governors Drive
From the traffic survey data it can be noted that the average speeds for the 40 and 44 Governors
Drive locations are 50.5kph and 50.1kph respectively. From the available data the 85th
percentile in
both directions is 59kph and this is considered high. The northbound data gathered at 40 Governors
Drive shows higher average speeds at 52kmh and the 85th
percentile sits at 60kmph, which again is
high for a residential road environment.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 20 of 26
The pattern of higher recorded volumes at peak times such as 9am and late afternoon. If we look at
the maximum peak hour volumes recorded for this segment in relation to a road classification as a
residential road they would be considered to sit between the environmental goal of 200 vehicles per
hour and a maximum of 300 per hour. However, Governors Drive is also a collector road and vehicle
volumes do sit below the desirable environmental maximum of 300 and one of a maximum of 500
per hour volume. Saturday data reflect higher weekend volumes but it still fits into acceptable
volumes.
The road length in this segment is 820m. The road width has some variations, Hume Road to Darwin
Drive width is 6.3 metres. Darwin Drive to Darwin Drive 8.5m Darwin Drive to Great Western
Highway is 8m (Data, BMCC Asset register).
In terms of the condition of the road pavement, the overall condition index which considers surface
and pavement or structural distresses of this segment is considered good to excellent. In terms of
roughness standards (IRI) of the road pavement specifically on Governors Drive from Hume Road to
Darwin Drive is considered fair.
Reported crash data since 1996 notes that there have been ten towaway crashes and four injury
crashes in this segment. Two of these towaways have occurred in the last five years of crash data.
Speed was a factor in three of the injury crashes and eight of the towaways. The two sharp corners
in this northern end of this segment of Governors Drive have been the location of a portion of these
crashes. There has been 4 head- on crashes in this northern vicinity of Governors Drive and Darwin
Drive on approach to Tunnel Gully Bridge. In some instances speed and wet conditions have been
contributing factors. These same factors have contributed to another head which occurred on
Governors Drive on the southern end of the segment in the vicinity of the Hume Road intersection.
Current Traffic Conditions and Challenges
Inspection conducted 9:40am Thursday 15/2/2018 (EK & SM)
This segment of Governors Drive has an undulating topography and it also contains a crest and two
sharp curves before Tunnel Gully Bridge. This area is part of a bus route and is a collector road and
alternative thoroughfare to the GWH via Tully Bridge. From Hume Road to Darwin Drive the road
narrows and there is a culvert.
Review
This has been an area of concern for traffic flow and parking conditions. Advisory signs including;
concealed driveway ahead, sign on bend, dip sign.
• Speed zone sign is located across from Darwin Drive.
• Segment contains upright kerb but no road shoulder or edge markings or edge lines.
• Faded double centrelines in this segment.
• Faded line markings at intersection of Hume and Darwin.
• Small section of footpath at Culvert near Hume Road. Road is narrow in this location.
Pedestrian fencing for safety on eastern side of the road, for approximately 20 metres.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 21 of 26
Guardrail on the eastern side of the Governors Drive from Hume Drive to Darwin Drive is
76m in Length
• Currently there are no formal parking restrictions in this location.
• Some parking observed too close to intersections (within 10 metres).
• Parking on Governors Drive but near/opposite to intersection of Darwin Drive there is
obstruction of vision and difficult to pass.
• Double centrelines make it difficult to park and vehicles weave around parked cars.
• Given the 6.3 to 8.5 metre width of the road, allowing parking on both sides is not ideal and
requires review.
• Speeding on bend at this culvert results in drivers crossing double centrelines. Majority of
drivers were observed to be crossing the centrelines at the culvert area near the guardrail
and pedestrian fencing point.
• The topography of this segment makes it difficult for ongoing speed compliance
enforcement.
• Difficult for vehicles emerging from Darwin Drive to have a clear line of site (near 40
Governors Drive).
• No curve advisory sign or Keep Left sign towards the end of Governors Drive heading north.
• Guardrail approaching Tunnel Gully Bridge (from 64 Governors Drive to Tully Gully Bridge is
110m in length).
• The history of head on crashes indicates that the installation of curve advisory sign or Keep
Left sign towards the end of Governors Drive heading north would be advisable.
• Traffic surveys indicate peak volumes occurring during mid-morning on weekends especially
Saturdays also reflect commuter movements at 8am and 5pm Average speeds in both
directions are close to the speed limit but the 85th
percentile shows speeds approaching
60kmph indicating speeding behaviour (See Table 2 for further details).
Photo 15 & 16: Culvert area of Governors Drive
Recommended Actions
Given the speeds and traffic volumes in this segment, 2.5 metres for parking and 3 metres lane
width are required. Due to the road conditions there is a need to improve delineation for vehicles
and encourage vehicles travelling through the area to exercise caution in regards to speed and drive
to the conditions:
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 22 of 26
• Consider parking restrictions on the bends and crest on Governors Drive.
• Investigate realignment of centreline, installation of edgelines and no parking restrictions on
one side as required.
• Consider parking restrictions at intersections to improve sight distances, particularly those
exiting Darwin Drive.
• Re-marking of intersections as needed as per Australian standards. Consider signage to
encourage vehicles to stop appropriately (Give Way/Stop signs as appropriate).
• Investigate suitable lane divider and lane marking devices in culvert area of Governors Drive.
• Consider centreline treatments to discourage excessive speed and crossing of centrelines.
Conclusion
From the traffic review undertaken it has been established that the key areas of concern are
Segments 2, 5, and 6. Whilst there are some improvements levels warranted in Segments 1, 3 and 4,
these areas are generally functioning adequately.
Traffic, during peak times such as sporting activity and commuter periods show a higher traffic flow
in the Explorers Road area. It is recommended that improvements in Segment 2 be made to
formalise car parking areas and signage restrictions in key areas to encourage changes in parking
behaviour. The traffic flow and parking is adequate at non-peak times.
It should be noted that parking enforcement is dependent upon availability and resourcing of
Council Rangers during these peak periods and is subject to other priority sites, particularly high
profile tourist sites, throughout the local government area. It is our understanding that given current
Ranger resourcing it would be difficult to increase the monitoring and enforcement of parking in
Explorers Road.
Governors Drive is also a key area concern, on peak times there is an increase in parking at the
Explorers Road and Governors Drive intersection. Traffic Survey Data gathered showed speeding
behaviour on Governors Drive. Consideration will needed to be given to implementing
improvements to changes to line marking, signage and parking to improve delineation, parking and
traffic flow to improve road safety in Segments 5 and 6.
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 23 of 26
Appendix 1
Definitions
Percentile: Speed at or below which the nominated percentage (e.g. 15, 50, 85) of vehicles are
observed to travel under free flow conditions. (Austroads Glossary of Terms (2015 Edition)
The 85th percentile of speed: The speed at or below which 85% of all vehicles are observed to travel
under free-flowing conditions past a nominated point (AS1742.4)
Surface Condition Index (SCI): Index to rate only distresses on the surface of the pavement (seals
and Asphalt Concrete).
Pavement Condition Index (PCI): general Index which considers Pavement distresses or structural
distresses (including other layers of pavement: base, sub-base).
Overall Condition Index (OCI): Index which considers all kind of distresses: Surface distresses (seals
and Asphalt Concrete), including failures, which affects the quality of riding, comfort: roughness and
rutting) and Pavement distresses or structural distresses (including other layers of pavement: base,
sub-base).
Roughness Levels standard (IRI) NAASRA
v good 0 2.5 0<65
good 2.5 4.6 65><120
fair 4.6 5.9 120><160
poor 5.9 7 160<>185
v poor >7 185+
Using the above conversion scales
Table 4: Roughness Levels Standard (IRI Levels) (BMCC pavement data, Ascetic software)
Road Class Road Type Maximum
speed
(KM/hr)
Maximum peak hour volume
(ve/hr)
Local Access way 25 100
Street 200 environmental goal
300 Maximum
Collector Street 50 300 environmental goal
500 maximum
Table 5: Environmental capacity performance standards on residential streets
Table reproduced from RTA Guide to Traffic Generating Developments Version 2.2- October 2001
(4-9)
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 24 of 26
Attachment 1
Inspection Template
Inspection segment /streets
Date
Time
Road pavement/road design/flow
1. Describe Topography / geography in segment
� Straight
� Curve
� Slope
� Vertical
� Crest
� Other……….
� Lane width……………………………………………
2. a. Existing infrastructure and traffic devices in segment
� T-intersection
� Traffic calming type:
………………………………………..
� Line marking
� Kerb
� Existing footpath
� Road shoulder
� Signage type……………………….
� State of road surface
………………………………………………..
b. Existing Asset Data checked:
� Correct � Needs updating
3. Describe type of road usage for this segment.
� Local road
� State road
� Collector road
� Alternative entry to villages
� Entry to GWH
�Other:_______________________
4. Does the segment generally cater for the size of vehicle likely to use it?
� Yes � No
Comments:
Lapstone Traffic Review – August 2018 Page 25 of 26
5. Are there any obvious visual obstructions for vehicles?
6 a. Describe what line markings are provided in this segment. Do they give adequate
guidance for vehicles?
� S1 Centreline
� BB Centreline
� Edge line
� Audible lines
� Dragon’s teeth
6 b. Are line-markings and delineation appropriate for this segment? Is the line making and
delineation appropriate for the function of the road and consistent along this segment
/route?
� Yes � No
Comments:
7 Describe Traffic flow / any additional factors?
8 Does the observed volume impact on traffic conditions?
9 Any additional observations /comments?
10 Could any of the improvements be made to road /traffic flow?
Parking
1. Summarise the usage of this segment (tick /write as many as needed)
� Sports ground
� Residential area
� Commuter
� School / pre-school
�Other:
26 Blue Mountains City Council Lapstone Traffic Review August 2018
Any Comments:
2. What are the formal parking arrangements / restrictions in this segment?
3. Is the signage adequate for parking arrangements?
4. % parking occupancy of segment
5. Illegal parking or inappropriate use
6. Is the sight distance at intersections in this segment, unaffected by parked vehicles?
7. Describe any additional observed parking behaviour not already described?
8. Could any parking improvements be made in this segment?