government s-1740 international law summer 2006 professor beth simmons [email protected]...
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Government S-1740Government S-1740INTERNATIONAL LAWINTERNATIONAL LAW
Summer 2006
Professor Beth [email protected]
Office: 1737 Cambridge Street, CGIS-N212
.
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OUTLINEOUTLINE
I. What is International Law?II. What This Course Is (and Is Not)
AboutIII. Topics on the SyllabusIV. Goals of the CourseV. Requirements of the CourseVI. ReadingsVII. Teaching Assistants
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Definition of Definition of International LawInternational Law
A body of principles, customs, and rules recognized as effectively binding obligations by sovereign states in their mutual relations.
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Major QuestionsMajor Questions Why make international agreements? Why do agreements take the form they do? How and when do legal agreements affect
governments’ and others’ behavior? Does the U.S. have a real interest in IL? How universally accepted is IL? How has IL shaped international politics?
“Law is politics” - Louis Henkin
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What this course IS What this course IS about…about…Public international law
Relationship between international law & international politics
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What this course IS NOT What this course IS NOT about…about…
Private international law
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LAW LAW SCHOOLSCHOOL
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SYLLABUSSYLLABUS
Part I: Why International Law?Part II: Structures and
MechanicsPart III: The Substance of
International Legal RegulationPart IV: Towards Conclusions –
International Law and International Politics
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Control Control of of
Nuclear Nuclear WeaponsWeapons
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The pre-The pre-emptive use of emptive use of forceforce
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Holding individuals Holding individuals accountableaccountable
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The The right right to to self-self-deterdetermi-mi-nationnation
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The problem of enforcing The problem of enforcing human rightshuman rights
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Law and politics of intellectual Law and politics of intellectual property rightsproperty rights
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ExplaininExplaining the g the
proliferatproliferation and ion and form of form of trade trade
agreemeagreementsnts
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Goals: be able to…Goals: be able to… Identify and understand key international
law concepts and agreements
Articulate contending arguments present in state conflicts
Understand theories that shed light on the causes and consequences of international agreements.
Apply knowledge of the above to new situations
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REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS
Discussion participation – 20%3 quizzes, 10% eachFinal, August 17, 50%
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Text:Text:Slomanson, Slomanson,
Fundamental Fundamental Perspectives on Perspectives on
International International LawLaw, 5, 5thth edition edition
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Additional Readings and Additional Readings and ResourcesResources
Course website: http://courses.fas.harvard.edu/sum/31918
Required readings (online via course website)– Section readings– A few additional readings
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SectionsSections
9:00-10:00
10:00-11:30
11:30- 12:30
12:30-1:30
1:30-2:30
LunchLecture
Section ACGISS-001Asif
Section DCGISS-003Cosette
Section BCGISS-001Asif
Section ECGISS-003Cosette
Section CCGISS-001Asif
Section FCGISS-003Cosette
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OUTLINEOUTLINEI. The role of theoryII. Realism
A. Modern Realism’s precursorsB. Realist AssumptionsC. Critique of international law
III. Rational functionalismA. Realist rootsB. Explaining the demand for international law
IV. ConstructivismA. Critique of realism and rationalismB. The nature of politicsC. Key concept: legitimacy
V. Conclusions
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The Role of TheoryThe Role of Theory
Legal Theory and Jurisprudence
International Relations Theory
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Modern Realism’s Modern Realism’s PrecursorsPrecursors
Nicolo Machiavelli,1469-1527
Thomas Hobbes,1588-1679
ThucydidesCirca 400 BC
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Objective, rational science of politics is possible
Anarchic nature of the international systemMain concept of politics: interest defined as
power.Agents: unitary, rational, self-regarding
(“egoistic”) statesAutonomy of political reasoning
Modern Realist Modern Realist assumptionsassumptions
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Realist Critique of Realist Critique of International LawInternational Law
Law is not central to the “structure” that determines international outcomes
Law does not effectively govern international political behavior
International law is too decentralized to be effective– Legislatively– Judicially– Enforcement
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Rational FunctionalismRational Functionalism
Puzzle: we observe things that don’t make sense if the realists are correct
Must be a rational explanation for international cooperation, institutions, and law
Assumptions shared with realists:– State actors are unified, rational, and self-interested– International system is anarchic
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Explaining the demand Explaining the demand for international lawfor international law
The microeconomic analogy of the firmStates recognize the gains from cooperationThe problem of “market failure”The function of international law
– Clarifies contending claims– Improves information– Reduces transactions costs…making it possible to realize mutual gains
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The Constructivist The Constructivist CritiqueCritique
Unanswered puzzles
Too narrow a view of politics. Politics are:– Idiographic– Purposive– Ethical– Instrumental
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ConstructivismConstructivismThe social nature of politicsThe role of law
Law
Discourse, persuasion
Socialization, identity
Interests
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ConstructivismConstructivism
Key concept: legitimacy– A key political resource– The answer to the puzzle of obligation
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Conclusions:Conclusions: Focus here is on international relations theory, not legal theory. Purpose of IR theory is to systematize thinking about actors,
constraints, and outcomes. Realism emphasizes the central role of interests understood
largely (though not exclusively) as material power. Rational functionalism shares many of realisms assumptions,
but focuses on the possibility of joint gains as a motive for cooperation
Constructivists critique both as impoverished. They emphasize the social nature of politics, legal discourse, identity and the influence of these on interests.