Good use in conjunction with flow chart

Matterdescribing matter

Matter

matter: anything that has mass and takes up space

Properties of Matter

property: characteristic Types of Properties

1. physical properties

2. chemical properties

physical and chemical properties are used to identify, describe, and

classify matter

Physical Properties Observed without changing the

substance into something else

Examples Color Density Shape Boiling Point Odor Solubility Hardness Malleability Ductility

Chemical Properties

Observed only when substance is changed and interacts with another substance

Examples

flammability: able to burn

rusting: combining with oxygen to form rust

Physical and Chemical Properties

What is an example of a physical property of a candle?

What is an example of a chemical property of a candle?

3 States of Matter

States of MatterSOLIDHas definite shape and volume.Particles vibrate.Particles are close together LIQUIDTake shape of container; volume confined to

container.Particles move more freely.Greater space between particlesGASNo shape and volume.Particles move most freely.Greatest space between particles

Kinds of Matter

Fundamental kinds of matter interact to form everything around us

Elements

Compounds

Mixtures

Pure Substance

A substance made up of only 1 particle throughout

Pure substances can be elements, compounds, molecules, atoms

Elements A pure substance that cannot be

broken down into other substances chemically or physically

Made up of only 1 type of atom

examples sodium oxygen carbon aluminum sulfur

Compounds

A pure substance made of two or more elements combined chemically

compounds have properties different from those of the original elements

Examples: Water Carbon dioxide Ammonia Methane

Molecule

A pure substance chemically combined with a covalent (molecular) bond

Ex. CO2

Ex. H2O

Ex. Cl2

Atom

The smallest building block of matter

Mixtures

combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

examples salad frosted cake kool-aid

Types of Mixtures Homogeneous Mixture Has constant

composition Is uniform throughout Ex. Coloured Water

Heterogeneous Mixture

Mixtures which do not have constant composition

Not uniform throughout Ex. Trail mix

Changes in matter

two kindsphysical changeschemical changes

energy is used anytime a change in matter occurs

physical change

Alters form or appearance of material, but does not change material into brand new substance

examples chopping wood bending wire molding clay

phase changes

chemical change

produces new substances

examples wood burning sour milk

Chemical Change the substance is altered chemically and displays different

physical and chemical properties after the change. new substance(s) are formed through reorganization of

atoms. A chemical change is irreversible Ex. Magnesium wire burns

producing white ash of MgO

Ex. Zinc is combined with Hydrochloric Acid

Ex. Food metabolizes in the body

Changes of State are Physical Changes

Crystallization/Deposition: the change in state from a gas to solid

Sublimation: the change in state from solid to gas

Condensing: the change in state from gas to liquid

Vaporization: the change in state from liquid to gas

Melting: the change in state from solid to liquid

Freezing: the change in state from liquid to solid

Heating Curve for Water

A pure substance has a very distinctive graph

There are 2 plateaus on the graph when the substance goes through its phase changes

melting (solid to liquid at 0 C) and boiling(liquid to gas (100 C)

Other heating curves

What is the melting point and boiling point for each substance?