Published by CIRSA3665 Cherry Creek North Drive Denver, Colorado 80209

800.228.7136 FAX 303.757.8950 www.cirsa.org © CIRSA 2002

GOLF COURSESAFETY MANUAL

CIRSA

Golf Course Safety Manual

Table of Contents Page

I. Introduction 1 II. Identifying Loss Exposures / Governmental Immunity 3 III. Golf Course Safety Management 8 IV. Golf Course Design 22 V. Golf Course Operations 25 VI. Golf Course Maintenance 32 VII. Environmental Protection 42 VIII. Checklists

1. Americans with Disabilities Act 46 2. Animal and Insect Control 48 3. Contracts, Indemnification, Insurance and Leases 49 4. Course Design 51 5. Driving Ranges 53 6. Emergency Planning 54 7. Employment Liability 55 8. Environmental Issues 56 9. Fire Prevention and Protection 59 10. General Safety Program Elements 63

11. Golf Carts and Paths 65 12. Hazard Communication 68 13. Landscaping Safety 69 14. Lightning 73 15. Liquor and Food Service 75 16. Personal Protective Equipment 79 17. Premises Liability 80 18. Pro Shop 82 19. Safety Training 83 20. Security 84 21. Shop Safety 86 22. Tree Hazard Management 100 23. Vehicle Safety 104 24. Volunteers 105

IX. Appendices:

1. Websites 2. Sample Indemnification and Release Provisions – Use of Facilities 3. Sample Hazard Communication Program 4. Child Labor Laws Chart

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I. INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this manual is to provide information on the safety and liability risks associated with the operation and maintenance of a public golf course and to recommend safety measures that can be implemented to prevent accidental loss. The operation and maintenance of a golf course exposes an entity to a variety of potential loss exposures. Many of these loss exposures are common to other public entity operations; some are unique to golf courses. Golf course employees may be exposed to a number of hazards that can cause injuries or illnesses such as being struck by golf balls, operating landscaping equipment and machinery, or applying pesticides. Damage to golf course property is also a concern. Clubhouses have burned down due to inadequate fire protection equipment and fire prevention practices. Likewise, golfers may be exposed to injury due to the careless operation of golf carts, being struck by errant golf balls, lightning, or slip and fall hazards. While golfers assume a certain degree of risk, it is probable that a liability claim will result if a golfer is seriously injured while on the golf course. Property damage to nearby homeowners and businesses also needs to be addressed. Broken windows and other structural damage to residences may result in claims and unhappy citizens. Environmental issues also need to be addressed. Protection of environmentally sensitive areas, safe application of pesticides, fuel storage and waste disposal are just a few of the environmental exposures that must be properly managed. Considering the multitude of risks associated with the operation and maintenance of a golf course, it is essential that golf course management implement comprehensive safety and loss control programs to prevent and reduce the possibility of injury to employees, golfers, visitors, and damage to property. This manual provides an overview of many of the hazards and safeguards that golf course management should consider in establishing a loss control program. Sections II through VII provide a narrative discussion of many golf course loss exposures and safeguards. Section VIII contains twenty-four checklists that golf course managers can use to conduct a self-audit of your operations. The appendices in Section IX include a list of applicable websites and other sample materials. If you have any questions regarding this manual, please contact the CIRSA Loss Control Department at (303) 757-5475 or (800) 228-7136. This publication is provided for informational purposes only. As with all CIRSA loss control activities, this publication is intended only to assist CIRSA members in their own loss control programs. It is not intended to replace those programs and activities, or to provide specific legal, technical, or other advice. Readers should seek professional advice on specific concerns from their legal, technical, and/or other advisors.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We wish to acknowledge staff members from the following Colorado municipal golf courses for their contributions in the preparation of this manual. Rick Silverberg, Golf Course Superintendent, Deer Creek Village Golf Course, Town of Cedaredge. Scott Eklund, Risk Manger, Town of Cedaredge Bob Spada, Golf Course Manager, City of Englewood Municipal Golf Course Dave Lee, Manager of Open Space, City of Englewood Fred E. “Derf” Soller, Golf Course Superintendent, Breckenridge Golf Club, Town of Breckenridge. Terry Perkins, Public Works Director, Town of Breckenridge Bill Springer, Building Manager, Town of Breckenridge John Archer, Golf Course Superintendent, Walking Stick Golf Course, Pueblo, CO Bob Gilliland, Parks Superintendent, City of Pueblo David Stone, Public Works Director, Tamarack Golf Course, Limon, Colorado Jerry Jackson, Pro Shop Manager, Tamarack Golf Course, Limon, Colorado Jill King, Maintenance Superintendent, Tamarack Golf Course, Limon, Colorado Dow Stewart, Golf Pro, Salida Golf Club, Salida, CO We would also like to acknowledge R. Franklin Davis/Lightning Trigger for his lightning photo on page 6.

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II. IDENTIFYING LOSS EXPOSURES

For the purposes of this manual, we have broken down loss exposures into three categories: liability, property and workers’ compensation. Examples of these three exposure categories that are common for many golf courses are listed below. A. Liability loss exposures may result from a number of different golf course activities including, but not limited to, the following:

• General liability: o Example 1: A golfer is struck by an errant golf ball. o Example 2: A visitor slips and falls on a wet floor in the golf course

restaurant. o Example 3: An errant golf ball breaks a window in a home along a

fairway.

• Automobile liability: o Example: An employee driving a golf course pickup truck rear-ends

another vehicle on a city street while running an errand.

• Employment liability: o Example 1: An employee alleges wrongful termination after being fired. o Example 2: A female beverage cart employee alleges sexual harassment

by customers.

• Public officials liability: o Example: A golfer claims he was not given disability accommodations in

using the golf course.

• Contractual liability: o Example: A contractor claims breach of contract when the golf course

terminates a contract for nonperformance.

• Environmental impairment liability: o Example: A leaking underground storage tank contaminates a lake.

• Liquor liability: o Example: A golfer has too much to drink at the clubhouse after a round of

golf, and wrecks his car on the way home, injuring himself and others.

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B. Property loss exposures include the damage, destruction, or loss of use of golf course property that result from various perils, including the following:

• Natural perils: o Example: Wind and hail damage and destroy golf course buildings,

contents, and trees.

• Theft: o Example: Landscaping equipment and pro shop supplies are stolen.

• Vandalism: o Example: Vandals break windows in the maintenance shop.

• Fire: o Example: A fire in the kitchen stove burns down the clubhouse.

• Automobile physical damage: o Example: A golf course vehicle receives hail damage.

• Crime: o Example: A golf course employee steals money from the pro shop.

• Business interruption: o Example: There is a loss of revenues when a course is closed due to a

flood. C. Workers’ compensation loss exposures arise when a golf course employee is injured while on the job. Employee injuries (or illnesses) can result from a variety of tasks, including but not limited to:

• Cuts, fractures, or dismemberments: o Example: A landscaping employee cuts off a finger while operating a

chainsaw.

• Strains and sprains: o Example: A maintenance employee sustains a back injury while lifting a

tire.

• Burns: o Example: A kitchen employee burns himself on a hot stove.

• Heat exhaustion or heat stroke: o Example: A landscaping employee gets heat exhaustion from working in

the hot sun.

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• Respiratory illness: o Example: An employee has breathing difficulties after mixing pesticides

in an unventilated room.

• Concussions: o Example: An employee is struck by an errant golf ball.

• Chemical burns: o Example: An employee receives chemical burns from handling corrosive

cleaning compounds.

By analyzing your operations, you should be able to identify significant loss exposures for your golf course. In addition, a review of past incident/accident reports will indicate where the more frequent and severe losses have occurred. Based on this review, you should be able to determine where to direct your loss control efforts. Loss exposures that should receive priority include those where:

1. Severe losses have occurred frequently. 2. Severe losses have occurred but with low frequency. 3. There is a significant potential for a severe loss. 4. Frequent but less severe losses have occurred. 5. There is a good possibility of significant regulatory fines, adverse publicity, or

public relations concerns if you do not implement a certain control.

This manual will provide a detailed discussion of many of the loss exposures listed above and recommend various safeguards that should be implemented to prevent losses from occurring. To start, an understanding of governmental immunity is provided. D. Governmental Immunity: Any consideration of golf course liability issues requires an introduction to the Colorado Governmental Immunity Act (GIA), C.R.S. Section 24-10-101 et seq. Public entities are generally immune from tort liability under the GIA, except in the six specified circumstances in which liability has been waived by the GIA. One of those circumstances is a “dangerous condition” of a “public facility located in any park or recreation area maintained by a public entity.” C.R.S. Section 24-10-103(1); Section 24-10-106(1)(e). Thus, if a “dangerous condition” of a publicly maintained golf course causes injury to a golfer or other person, the public entity can be liable for the resulting damages. Damages are limited to $150,000 per person, and $600,000 per occurrence, in instances when immunity has been waived. C.R.S. Section 24-10-114. Certain preconditions, such as the filing of a timely notice of claim, must also be met. C.R.S. Section 24-10-109.

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However, not every condition which results in injury will fall within the GIA’s definition of a “dangerous condition.” In order to constitute a “dangerous condition” under the GIA:

• The condition must consist of a physical condition of the golf course, or the use of a physical condition of the golf course.

• The condition must constitute an unreasonable risk to the health or safety of the

public.

• The condition must be one that was known to the public entity to exist, or one that in the exercise of reasonable care should have been known to the public entity to exist. A condition “should have been known to exist” if it is established that the condition existed for such a period of time and was of such a nature that in the exercise of reasonable care, the condition and its dangerous character should have been discovered.

• The condition must be proximately caused by the negligent act or omission of

the public entity in constructing or maintaining the facility. If the condition was caused by some other factor, such as the negligence of another user of the golf course, immunity is retained.

• A dangerous condition does not exist solely because the design of a facility is

inadequate. Errant golf balls. The narrow definition of a “dangerous condition” is why citizen claims arising from errant golf balls are routinely denied. Public entities have long taken the position that, under the GIA, they are immune from liability for damages caused by errant golf balls, at least when they fall onto private property. What causes a golf ball to take an errant flight is normally not associated with construction or maintenance, but rather, with acts of a golfer -- someone over whom the public entity has little or no control. Errant golf balls can also be associated with inadequacies in the design of a facility, but public entities have "design immunity" under C.R.S. Section 24-10-103(1). Swieckowski v. City of Fort Collins, 934 P.2d 1380 (Colo. 1997). A similar analysis should apply when the property onto which an errant golf ball falls is public entity property, particularly a recreational facility such as a municipal trail. Such a situation could occur because of inadequate design of the golf course, the trail, or both. In either event, design immunity should protect the entity. Lightning warnings. Another area of concern to public entities is the hazard arising from lightning strikes on a golf course. Is a public entity exposed to liability for its failure to install an automatic lightning system or foul weather detection system, its failure to have a formal medical assistance system in place should a lightning

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strike occur, or its failure to have and implement a warning and evacuation plan? Again, because of the narrow definition of “dangerous condition,” the answer is “no.” The Colorado Court of Appeals has held that, while such protections may be highly desirable, a public entity’s failure to take such protective steps does not constitute a “dangerous condition” of a golf course for purposes of the GIA. Jaffe v. City and County of Denver, 15 P.3d 806 (Colo. App. 2001). Of course, once a physical improvement such as a lightning detection system is installed, then the failure to maintain it properly could constitute a “dangerous condition” resulting in liability. Golf carts. Does the public entity face liability when its failure to maintain a golf cart results in malfunctions causing injury to golf course users? The Colorado Court of Appeals has held that the answer is “no,” in the case of Montes v. Hyland Hills Park and Recreation District, 849 P.2d 852 (Colo. App. 1992). There are at least two bases for this holding.

The six circumstances when governmental immunity has been waived by the GIA include the operation of a motor vehicle owned or leased by the public entity and operated by a public employee in the course of employment. C.R.S. Section 24-10-106(1)(a). However, this waiver of immunity does not apply to a golf cart that is operated by a golf course patron, since the patron is not a public employee. (It also seems questionable whether a golf course is a “motor vehicle” within the meaning of the GIA.) A golf cart also is not a “public facility located in any park or recreation area maintained by a public entity” within the meaning of the immunity waiver in C.R.S. Section 24-10-106(1)(e). In the golf course context, the Court of Appeals determined, in the Montes case, that the term “facility” refers to the surface of the golf course itself, and not to a golf cart at the course. Conclusion. The existence of design immunity and other liability protections should not deter a public entity from pursuing safety from a design standpoint. A key aim in the design of any public facility should be to enhance safety and reduce injury. The entity should take care to avoid selecting a particular design if it is aware that the decision implicates safety concerns which could be reduced or avoided by the selection of another design. Likewise, the existence of immunity for the maintenance of golf carts and similar items on the course should not deter the public entity from undertaking and implementing a sound inspection and maintenance program. If an individual is injured while using a golf course or its amenities, the battle to establish governmental immunity may be costly from the standpoint of both defense costs and public relations. Each state’s immunity laws are different so readers outside of Colorado need to research applicable laws in their state and act accordingly.

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III. GOLF COURSE SAFETY MANAGEMENT: This section of the manual discusses some of the essential components of a comprehensive safety program. Public entity golf courses are managed in different ways. Some are totally owned and operated by the entity. A golf course superintendent may be in charge of the entire operation. Other entities may contract out the entire operation and maintenance of the golf course. Still others may operate certain parts, such as the pro shop, but contract food and beverage service, pesticide application and other services. Regardless of the management structure, the municipality, golf course administration and contractors need to establish and implement a comprehensive program to prevent or reduce the potential for accidental loss. Responsibilities for managing the various risks at a golf course need to be defined, and the appropriate persons, whether staff or contractors, need to beheld accountable for their performance. The support and commitment of management is often demonstrated through the establishment of a policy statement. The safety policy should articulate a desire to protect the safety of employees and visitors, and manage the environment in a conscientious manner. Responsibilities may be part of the policy statement. This policy statement can serve as the backbone of a golf course loss control program. Goals and objectives that prioritize safety, health and environmental program activities should be established. Periodic performance appraisals should be conducted to ensure goals and objectives are being met. Golf course staff should be held accountable for completion of assigned goals and objectives. Contractors should be held accountable for successful performance of the provisions of their contract. Other key components of the golf course safety program are listed on the following pages. Specific safety programs tailored to the needs of each golf course should be established. It is recommended that a Safety Manual be prepared that contains written safety policies, rules, procedures and other pertinent information. A. Safety Coordinator/Committee: A safety coordinator and/or safety committee should be appointed by the golf course superintendent to establish, implement and maintain the safety program. The safety coordinator need not be a fulltime position, but he or she should have their responsibilities put in writing. Both time and resources should be provided so that the coordinator can do the job effectively.

Safety committees may also be utilized to develop and implement the golf course safety program. Typically, a representative from each department is appointed to the committee. The committee usually meets monthly, has an agenda, and keeps records of its meetings. Common functions of a safety committee include reviewing accidents,

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determining ways to prevent recurrences, coordinating safety training, conducting safety inspections, and recommending safe job procedures.

Assistance from the municipal safety coordinator or safety committee can help direct golf course safety activities. Advice from insurance loss control and claims representatives may also be beneficial.

Whether a safety coordinator or safety committee structure is used, the important thing is that golf course management makes a commitment to safety and supports the activities of the coordinator or committee. B. Safety Rules and Procedures: Appropriate parts of the golf course should have safety rules posted to warn golfers of safety hazards or at-risk behaviors. For example, the driving range should have rules posted on signs advising golfers of potential hazards and expected safe behaviors. Other rules, such as prohibiting golfers from bringing alcoholic beverages on the course, should be established and posted. Instructions for the safe operation of golf carts should be permanently affixed inside the cart.

Golf course employees perform a number of tasks that are hazardous in nature. As such, safe job procedures should be established for those jobs with multiple steps. Likewise, general and job specific safety rules should be established. Written rules should be prepared and reviewed with applicable employees. Safety rules should be enforced and those who violate the rules should be counseled or appropriately disciplined. C. Safety Training: Employees, including seasonal employees and volunteers, need the knowledge and skills necessary to perform their jobs in a safe manner. To that end, a continuous safety training program is needed. A safety orientation should be given to all employees on their first day of employment. General and job specific golf course safety rules and procedures should be reviewed. In addition, procedures for reporting accidents, emergency response guidelines, and other safety items should be covered.

Employees who perform hazardous operations should receive additional safety training. Those who operate hazardous machines or equipment, use chemicals, and lift heavy objects should be trained in safe job procedures. Safety instructions in manufacturer manuals should be followed. Some types of personal protective equipment, such as respirators and hearing protection, require specialized training.

Golf course supervisors should be trained to do their jobs effectively. This includes coaching employees to work safely, conducting safety training, hazard recognition and accident investigation techniques.

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Safety meetings should be held to explain new procedures, chemicals or equipment.

It is recommended that safety meetings be conducted at least monthly, or more often if circumstances warrant. Videotapes and other materials are available from CIRSA to assist in conducting safety meetings. Web-based safety training on certain safety topics may also be available. Be sure to document attendance and keep records of your training meetings.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates employee safety training for a number of different jobs. Although OSHA does not currently cover public entities in Colorado, their regulations can provide useful safety guidelines. Other states should research their state laws to determine if they are covered under OSHA. D. Safety Inspections:

Documented safety inspections should be conducted of all golf course facilities and operations to identify and correct potentially hazardous conditions and at-risk employee behaviors. A follow-up system should be established to ensure that hazards are corrected. Where funds are not available to immediately correct a hazard, or if corrective action will take a significant amount of time, short-term remedies should be implemented.

Items requiring special inspections include various types of landscaping equipment, machines and hand tools. Fire protection equipment, such as fire extinguishers and fixed extinguishing equipment, need to be inspected and maintained periodically. The kitchen should be inspected frequently to ensure an acceptable level of safety and cleanliness is maintained.

The golf course itself should be spot-checked daily to detect any safety hazards that may have surfaced, especially after heavy rain, wind, or other adverse weather condition. After a long layoff, a more thorough inspection should be conducted. E. Workers’ Compensation Cost Containment Programs: On-the-job injuries and illnesses to employees can result in significant costs for medical and indemnity benefits. Insurance costs may increase if loss experience is poor. There are several programs that can be implemented to contain workers’ compensation costs.

A designated physician program where employees are required to obtain medical services from a physician(s) approved by the employer is recommended. This program will help control medical costs through the proper treatment and management of the claim.

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A modified duty program where an injured employee is brought back to work even though he or she cannot perform all the job duties is recommended. This program needs to be coordinated with your Human Resources Department and treating physician to ensure the job limits are defined so the employee doesn’t aggravate the injury. Modified duty programs need to be integrated with Family and Medical Leave Act and Americans with Disabilities Act requirements. F. Accident Reporting and Investigations:

Timely reporting of workers’ compensation claims to the insurer is very important so the claim can be investigated promptly and appropriately adjusted. Late reports can also lead to fines from the state. Employees should be instructed to report all on-the-job injuries to their supervisor as soon as they occur. Supervisors need to complete accident reports and route them to the golf course or municipal employee who is responsible for filing workers’ compensation reports with the insurer or state.

Likewise, third party claims alleging bodily injury or property damage also need to be promptly reported to the municipal claims coordinator and insurer. The insurer will investigate the claim and determine if the claim is covered.

Golf course management should conduct accident investigations to determine the root causes of the accident. Corrective action should be taken as appropriate to prevent recurrences. G. Vehicle Safety:

Golf courses use a variety of vehicles ranging from on-the-road cars and pickup trucks to specialty landscaping vehicles and equipment. Potential loss exposures include injuries to employees and third parties and vehicle damage from collisions and other accidents.

Screening of employees and volunteers who are required to operate golf course vehicles should take place. Motor Vehicle Records (MVR’s) should be checked for all employees annually and prior to placing them in a driving position. MVR’s should be reviewed to determine that employees or applicants have a valid drivers license and that their driving record is acceptable, according to pre-established criteria.

Employees who operate certain types of vehicles may be required to obtain Commercial Drivers Licenses (CDL’s). Dump trucks and large passenger vans are examples of these vehicles. In addition to obtaining a CDL, they must also take part in a DOT approved drug and alcohol testing program. Other municipal jobs may also require CDL’s so check with your Human Resources Department to coordinate your CDL program.

All vehicle operators, regardless of age or the vehicles they drive, should go through periodic defensive driving training. Employees who operate specialty vehicles should receive specialized training so they know how to safely operate the vehicles.

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A vehicle inspection and maintenance program should be established per the vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations. Records of inspections and maintenance should be kept on file.

Seat belts should be required to be worn when employees operate any vehicle equipped with seat belts. This should be a formal golf course safety rule. Supervisors should spot check employees to ensure they are indeed wearing seat belts.

Accident reporting and investigation procedures should be established for vehicle accidents. The preventability of vehicle accidents should be analyzed according to pre-existing guidelines. Employees who are involved in preventable accidents should be appropriately counseled, re-trained or disciplined, depending upon the circumstances.

H. Emergency Planning: An important component of the golf course safety program is an emergency plan that sets forth specific procedures for responding to foreseeable emergencies. Some of the more common emergencies that may occur at a golf course include:

• Medical emergencies, such as a serious injury or heart attack. • Fires in golf course buildings. • Natural disasters such as thunderstorms, hail, tornados, floods, hurricanes or

earthquakes. • Hazardous material spills occurring on the course or from nearby industrial areas,

railroad tracks or highways. • Threats or acts of violence from employees, golfers or others.

A written emergency plan needs to be established so golf course employees can respond to various emergencies to help prevent further injuries and save lives, control property damage, protect the environment, and restore normal operations as soon as practical. The person assigned the responsibility of developing the plan should assess the potential emergency scenarios and develop procedures to address each exposure.

The emergency plan for the golf course should be coordinated with the municipal emergency operations plan. Liaisons with the local police and fire department should be established. Tours of the golf course should be arranged so police and fire officials are familiar with the course layout. Emergency vehicle access ways to remote parts of the course should be planned in advance.

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First aid cabinets should be visible and easily accessible.

Training for all employees is essential. Employees who have emergency plan responsibilities should receive additional training. Key employees should be trained in first aid and CPR. Those with potentially hazardous duties, such as cleaning up a pesticide spill, should receive specialized training.

A communications plan should be established. Some questions to answer include: Who will call for emergency assistance? What happens if phone service is cut off? Has somebody been designated to meet emergency responders at a predetermined location to direct them to the scene?

First aid supplies should be kept at key locations to treat minor first aid type injuries. First aid kits should be inspected at least monthly and restocked as needed. Consideration should be given to purchasing an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) and training one or more employees in its use.

For medical emergencies, employees should be instructed to call 911 or the applicable number to summon the local fire/EMT department. Similar procedures need to be developed for fires. Evacuation plans should be developed and congregation areas designated.

A workplace violence policy should be established to deal with threats and acts of violence from employees, golfers and others. This plan should be consistent with the municipality’s policy on this subject.

Mock drills should be held at least annually to test the emergency plan. The plan should be updated as needed. I. Lightning Safety:

Lightning is one of the biggest safety hazards facing and golfers and employees while on the course. Electrocutions are not uncommon. Some golfers may be reluctant to suspend play, or employees reluctant to suspend work, even though they are aware of the hazards that lightning is in the area. A number of articles have been written about the duty of the golf course to warn and protect golfers from lightning hazards either prior to or during an electrical storm. Liability implications are often cited. Is a golf course that doesn’t take responsibility for warning or sheltering golfers from lightning better off from a liability standpoint than a golf course that does?

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Lightning safety stickers are mounted inside golf carts.

There is no real consistency among our nation’s golf courses on the best way to handle this issue. National standards on golf course lightning safety do not exist. Until such time that technical standards are developed, there may never be a consistent way to handle this issue.

Complicating matters are the different liability and immunity laws in each state. In some states, Colorado included, a strong case can be made that governmental immunity exists where a golfer is struck by lightning on a public course.

Golf course managers in other states need to examine their individual laws and court decisions to determine if they may be held liable for injuries to third parties caused by lightning strikes on a public golf course. Appropriate legal advice should be obtained.

There are a number of measures that can be taken in terms of lightning warning and protective systems. Golfers and employees can be educated by posting signs and stickers in clubhouses and on golf carts warning of the dangers of lightning and instructing golfers to seek shelter when a storm approaches. These posters and stickers are a relatively inexpensive protective measure.

Lightning detection systems that provide advanced warning of a storm can also be used. Such a system may be preferable to relying on eyesight alone, since thunderstorms may not be visible to the naked eye due to the topography of the course. Detection systems vary in price and sophistication. High-tech weather monitoring systems are available. Generally, when lightning is detected within a certain radius from the detector, a signal is given to a person, usually in the clubhouse. A horn or siren is activated that warns persons that lightning is in the area. They can then seek shelter until the lightning danger passes. In tandem with such a system, the golf course should assign the responsibility to an employee to monitor conditions, including local weather forecasts, and initiate warning alarms when appropriate. Procedures should be developed for when to sound the alarm, and when to give an “all clear” signal. Also, an evacuation plan should be established to transport people from remote parts of the course to safe locations.

Many courses provide shelters for protection against adverse weather. Some are equipped with lightning protection systems and some are not. Those without protection systems should be avoided during a thunderstorm. The effectiveness of these systems in intercepting and safely directing a lightning strike to ground will depend upon their design, installation and maintenance. Qualified engineers should be involved in the design and installation of these systems. A preventative maintenance program for lightning detection and warning equipment should be instituted.

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No lightning warning and protection systems will guarantee that golfers will heed the warnings. Some will continue to play even though they should know better. Perhaps they are in a hurry to finish a round or just don’t believe they will be struck by lightning. Certainly, golfers bear responsibility for their own safety. While you cannot physically remove them from the course, there may be a few other things you can do to encourage lightning safety. Consider adopting a policy that golfers can finish or start over the nine holes they were playing without additional cost if suspended due to inclement weather. This may help get them off the course during a lightning storm. Protection of golf course property from lightning strikes is also recommended. In addition to buildings and shelters, irrigation systems and even prominent trees should be protected.

The emphasis should be on the appropriate measures for the protection of people and property from the potentially devastating effects of lightning. Every golf course should analyze its exposures, and a plan for dealing with this risk should be established. J. Managing Employment Risks: This section describes the potential loss exposures and controls dealing with the employment aspects of operating a golf course. Included is a discussion of liability exposures related to the hiring process, disciplining employees, harassment, discrimination, and the use of volunteers. While space does not permit an exhaustive discussion on these subjects, there are a number of recommendations listed below.

It is very important that you follow the policies and procedures spelled out in your entity’s personnel manual. For advice on specific issues confronting your operations, you should contact your human resources department and municipal attorney. Refer to CIRSA’s “Sample Personnel Handbook” for sample policies and procedures on this subject.

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1. Hiring Process:

A host of different liability exposures are created during various aspects of hiring, supervision and disciplining employees.

a. Background Checks: It is recommended that background checks be conducted for certain positions. These include employees who handle significant amounts of cash or who may be involved in children’s programs. The background check could include a review of the applicant’s credit history and a criminal background check.

Motor vehicle records (MVR’s) should be checked for those employees who will be in driving positions.

Applicants should be required to sign a “release of information” authorization form prior to conducting the background checks.

b. Immigration and Naturalization:

Employees must be authorized to work in the United States in accordance with the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. The entity’s personnel policies should specify that all persons who are hired as employees are required to provide specific documents which verify identity and authorization to work in the United States, and that an employee who is unwilling or unable to provide the required documents will not be continued in employment.

c. Pre-Employment, Post Offer Physicals:

Some golf courses may elect to have applicants for certain positions take a pre-employment, post-offer physical to determine if they are physically capable of performing the job duties. If physicals are required, make sure you do not violate applicable laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act.

d. Avoiding Discrimination:

Illegal discrimination must be avoided in all phases of employment including the hiring process. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission laws and guidelines should be followed. Supervisors should be trained on what questions are legal/illegal during the interview process. Candidates should be selected on their ability to do the job. It is recommended that position descriptions which clearly describe the qualifications for each job be established.

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e. Child Labor Laws:

State and federal laws prohibit children of certain ages from performing certain types of jobs. For example, minors 16 years of age or younger are not permitted to operate a lawn mower or other hazardous machinery. These laws need to be reviewed and followed. The appendix includes a chart on this subject.

2. Disciplinary Actions:

The process of disciplining employees can lead to substantial liability claims. Most entities have a personnel manual that spells out the policies and procedures to be followed in the event of an employment matter. It is of utmost importance that personnel policies and procedures be followed.

a. Demotions and Terminations:

Employment liability claims often result when employees are demoted or terminated. Again, personnel policies and procedures need to be followed and the human resources department and/or municipal attorney should be consulted before taking such actions.

b. Performance Appraisals:

It is recommended that employees receive at least annual appraisals to review past performance and set goals for future performance. It is important that objective criteria be used. Actual performance, good or bad, should be documented throughout the rating period.

3. Harassment: A harassment policy should be established by the golf course (or the municipality’s policy may be applicable). The policy should define prohibited conduct and provide a procedure to report incidents of harassment. The policy should cover actions by coworkers and by customers. All allegations of harassment should be investigated, formally resolved and documented. Supervisors should receive training on this subject and all employees should be made aware of the policy, including reporting procedures.

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4. Volunteers:

Golf courses may use volunteers in various capacities. Although volunteers provide a valuable service, they pose some liability exposures that need to be recognized and managed. If your municipality has a Volunteer Coordinator, the recruitment, selection, and use of golf course volunteers should be done in concert with this person. It is helpful to have position descriptions, especially for fulltime volunteers. Other key points regarding volunteers include:

a. Conduct background checks on those volunteer(s) who will be working with vulnerable populations, such as children and seniors. b. Each volunteer should have a supervisor and the supervisor should direct the duties of the volunteer, recognize good performance, and correct substandard performance.

1. If volunteers will be operating golf course vehicles, check their Motor Vehicle Records to ensure they have valid licenses and do not have unacceptable driving records. Also, it is recommended that they attend a defensive driving class, and receive additional training for any specialized vehicles or equipment they will be operating. 2. Train all volunteers on the potential hazard of the tasks they will be performing. Provide personal protective equipment and teach them how to use it. 3. Consider the purchase of volunteer accident medical insurance for volunteers in case they are injured while performing volunteer work. Make sure child labor laws are followed when using minors as volunteers. 4. Follow Fair Labor Standards Act laws regarding payment of expenses, reasonable benefits, and nominal fees so you don’t jeopardize their volunteer status. 5. Inform volunteers of incident reporting procedures.

For more information regarding volunteers, refer to CIRSA’s “Volunteer Program Handbook”.

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K. Contracts, Leases, Insurance and Other Legal Agreements:

Golf courses enter into a variety of contracts with public and private entities. For new courses, architects are hired to design the course and contractors are hired to build it. Real estate developers are often involved in course development. Some of the more common service contracts include those for food and liquor services, operation of the pro shop, landscaping and maintenance, pesticide application, golf lessons and other services. Other activities, such as renting out an assembly room for a wedding reception, may require a written agreement. The purpose of this section is to discuss some of the risks involved with contracts and other agreements and to provide suggestions on how to minimize the liability

exposures of the public entity and golf course. Space does not permit a full discussion of all contract provisions, so we will focus primarily on insurance issues. It is important that the public entity and golf course management work closely with all parties to ensure that contracts are properly prepared and executed in an effective and efficient manner. Failure to do so may result in potential liability for the golf course.

1. Contract Provisions:

From a risk management viewpoint, there are certain items to consider and provisions to include in a contract that can help reduce the liability of the public entity. These are summarized below.

a. Consult with purchasing or other public entity personnel to make sure that applicable procurement policies, competitive bidding, and/or contracting requirements are being followed in the selection of contractors, vendors, service providers, and other parties. b. Have the public entity’s legal counsel draft or review the draft contract. c. Each contract should include the following components for the protection of the public entity:

1. Indemnification and hold harmless provisions. 2. A requirement that the contractor obtain insurance, and include the public entity, its officers, and its employees, as additional insureds. 3. A requirement that the contractor furnish a certificate of insurance to the public entity and notification if insurance is cancelled.

d. The contract should include remedies or penalties for breach of contract by the other party. e. If the contractor is an out-of state contractor, the contract should specify that Colorado law applies to the interpretation of the contract, and that Colorado courts have jurisdiction over contract disputes.

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f. Other provisions of the contract should include anti-discrimination clauses, compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and applicable safety, health and environmental laws and regulations. g. Each contract should be approved by the appropriate representative of each party.

2. Insurance and Indemnification Agreements:

The contractor should be required to carry adequate limits and types of insurance. Minimum requirements generally include the following:

a. Commercial general liability insurance with combined limits of at least $1,000,000 for each occurrence. b. Workers’ compensation insurance to statutory limits. c. Comprehensive Automobile Liability insurance with minimum combined bodily injury and property damage of not less than $1,000,000 per occurrence, combined single limits with respect to each of the contractor’s owned, hired or non-owned vehicles assigned to or used in the performance of services.

For more complex and specialized contracts, additional coverages and limits may be needed. For example, golf course architects should carry errors and omissions insurance and pesticide applicators should have environmental impairment liability insurance. For large construction projects, surety bonds should be required.

The golf course employee in charge of the particular project or service should meet with applicable municipal representatives to review insurance requirements. Sample insurance and indemnification agreements are included in the appendix.

3. Intergovernmental Agreements:

Golf courses may enter into agreements with other public entities, such as high schools and community colleges, which allow students to practice or play on the golf course. It is recommended that in these situations, an intergovernmental agreement be executed. Specific insurance and indemnification agreements should be included so responsibilities are spelled out in the event a student is injured on the golf course.

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4. Leases:

It is common for the golf course to lease space to others to run certain operations, such as the restaurant and pro shop. Lease agreements should be executed. In addition to other lease terms, the golf course should require the lessee to meet appropriate insurance and indemnification requirements, and comply with applicable safety, health and environmental laws.

5. Miscellaneous Agreements:

Some golf courses allow citizens to store their personal golf carts in a golf course building for a fee. In these cases, an agreement should be signed which each golfer. The agreement should indicate that that the golf course is not responsible for damage to the golf carts and that the golfer will maintain insurance on the golf cart. In addition, golfers should be required to meet applicable safety standards relative to fueling, electrical safety, cart safety, etc.

Similarly, if golf clubs are allowed to be stored on premises, golfers should be required to sign a release form that indicates the golf course is not responsible in the event the golf clubs are damaged, lost or stolen.

If the golf course allows its facilities, such as assembly rooms, to be rented for wedding receptions, parties and other functions, then a separate agreement should be executed. The renting party should indemnify and hold harmless the golf course and public entity for liability claims and pay for any damage to the facility that they may create. The appendix includes a sample Indemnification and Release Provisions – Use of City/Town Facilities form that may be modified for these types of activities.

In conclusion, the golf course may enter into a variety of contracts and agreements with different parties. Appropriate legal, purchasing, and other advisors should be consulted to help develop, review and execute each contract. Each situation should be analyzed and the appropriate provisions, including insurance and indemnification requirements, should be included in the contract. This will go a long way in protecting the golf course in the event of a claim or dispute.

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A posted wheelchair accessible ramp is provided for the disabled.

IV. GOLF COURSE DESIGN

The design of a golf course may involve a number of parties including the real estate developer, golf course architect, contractors, state and federal officials, and various public entity and golf course personnel. When the golf course is part of a real estate development, the relationships become more complex and the need for planning and communications becomes extremely important. While there are a multitude of design issues to consider such as site analysis, financing, marketing, etc., this section of the manual will focus on certain liability issues relative to golf course design. Regardless of the liability issues, the achievement of safety on the golf course is a worthy goal. If unsafe conditions exist due to course design, efforts should be made to correct the problem. If funds are not presently available to modify a certain condition, then other means should be considered to improve safety. Part of the design process should include the identification and integration of applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations and codes. Local officials should be consulted about land use planning, building code requirements, etc. State and federal regulatory agencies may need to be involved in environmental issues, such as wetlands and wildlife protection. Pesticide application, mixing, storage and disposal issues should be considered in the design process. Environmental protection needs to be a major consideration of golf course design, operations and maintenance. The clubhouse, driving range, maintenance buildings, and other support facilities need to be designed to avoid injuries to golfers, visitors and employees. Local building and fire codes need to be incorporated into the design of buildings. The installation of state-of-the-art fire protection equipment, such as automatic sprinkler systems and smoke alarms, should be considered.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) also needs to be considered as part of the golf course design. Tee boxes, greens, carts, driving ranges, clubhouses, restrooms, and other parts of the course need to be accessible. Pro shops, restaurants, locker rooms, and other areas should be designed so persons with disabilities can access and use them.

Safe golf course design is a moving target. Unlike codes for buildings, there are no national standards that dictate how far apart adjoining fairways should be, safe distances between a hole and the next tee box, offset distances from the course to residences, etc.

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This bridge has safety curbing to help prevent drivers from accidently going over the edge.

Due to course topography, vegetation, location of water, buildings, and other factors, design safety issues may vary from course to course. Nonetheless, it is important that course safety be considered for all affected. Golf course officials, architects, contractors, and other parties need to evaluate course design plans, anticipate potential safety hazards, and establish the safeguards that will help reduce the possibility of injuries or property damage. Likewise, if a tee box, green, fairway or other part of the course or support facilities are being redesigned, plans should be analyzed to determine how the changes might affect course safety. The golf course is a constantly changing environment and safety must constantly be addressed. Due to the inherent hazards of golf, such as being struck by an errant golf ball, it may be impossible to achieve a totally risk-free environment. Certain items may be more crucial than others. Listed below are some general design considerations that should be evaluated. This list is by no means complete; each course needs to be evaluated on its own merits and appropriate design safeguards built in.

1. Setback distances between the playing area and adjoining properties need to be set

based on topography, elevation, vegetation, and other factors. 2. Minimum distances between the green and next tee should be established.

Vegetation, changes in elevation, and other factors should be evaluated. 3. Distances between adjoining fairways need to be considered along with course

layout, vegetation, etc. 4. Player visibility on different parts of the course should be evaluated. Blind shot

holes should be avoided. 5. Cart paths should take into account steepness

of slopes, curves, surfacing material, drainage, distances from playing areas, collision prevention, parking areas, etc.

6. Vehicle traffic safety patterns from adjoining streets and roads in relation to cart path layout need to be considered.

7. Buildings and structures should not be built on the inside of a dogleg hole.

8. Benches, tee boxes, ball washers, drinking water stations, and restrooms should be placed in safe locations.

9. Shelters should be provided for golfers to use in inclement weather and lightning.

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10. Consideration should be given to a lightning warning system. 11. Warning signs should be installed at key locations to warn golfers of inherent

course safety hazards.

12. Sensitive environmental areas need to be identified and adequately protected as part of the design process.

13. The location of the clubhouse, driving range, putting greens, parking lots, sidewalks, maintenance buildings, and other areas need to be considered in relation to playing areas.

14. Lakes, ponds, and other bodies of water need to be evaluated in terms of player and visitor safety, including the attractive nuisances they may create for children.

15. Fall hazards, such as steep cliffs, need to be considered. 16. Adequate lighting in key areas including parking lots, driving ranges, and walkways should be installed.

17. Driving ranges should be designed to reduce the possibility of golfers at the range (and on the course) from being struck by errant balls or swinging clubs.

18. The design of the clubhouse should conform with local building and fire codes and include the installation of adequate fire protection and security equipment. Other buildings and structures should meet building and fire codes.

19. The golf course, clubhouse and other areas should meet the accessibility requirements and guidelines of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

20. Spectator safety issues should be part of design process if the course will be used for tournaments.

21. Redesign alternatives should be evaluated and implemented where there is a noted frequency or severity of injuries or property damage at the golf course.

Qualified golf course architects and contractors should be consulted throughout the design and construction of a new golf course, and for significant modifications to an existing course.

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V. GOLF COURSE OPERATIONS The operation of a golf course includes a number of activities and services that can create injury and property loss exposures. The purpose of this section is to discuss some of the more common loss exposures and provide suggestions for reducing the likelihood of accidents. The golf course superintendent typically has responsibility for the day-to-day operations. Smaller courses may have another municipal department head run the operation, or it may be contracted. Regardless of title, the person responsible for the daily operations of the golf course needs to take a leadership role in managing the risks. A. Clubhouse: Most golf courses have a clubhouse that encompasses various functions such as the pro shop, restaurant and bar, locker room/restroom, and assembly area. These services are described in more detail below. The primary injury and property risks of the clubhouse are general in nature and include hazards commonly found in other public buildings.

From an injury standpoint, common hazards that may cause injuries include slips, trips and falls due to slick floors, uneven surfaces, frayed carpeting, and similar conditions. These hazards can be easily managed through a basic safety inspection program.

Property loss exposures include fire and security risks that are described in more detail later in this manual. B. Pro Shop: The pro shop is usually the place where golfers check in, rent carts, buy equipment and accessories, and pay their fees. The pro shop may be operated by a golf course employee or it may be contracted out to a third party.

Pro shop staff may also be responsible for other activities such as assigning tee times, sounding lightning warning alarms, and selling and inventorying golf equipment and clothing. Others may also dispense beverages and food.

The premise liability exposures of a pro shop are similar to those of a clubhouse. Slip, trip and fall hazards are the primary loss exposures. Additionally, injuries from being struck by falling clubs and other stock may occur. These hazards can be easily controlled through good housekeeping, safe storage practices, and periodic safety inspections. Also, if dressing rooms are provided, they should be lockable from the inside to ensure privacy.

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Mounted security cameras help prevent theft.

Many pro shops sell golf clubs, clothing and other accessories. Substantial inventory values may be on hand at any one time. If destroyed, damaged or stolen, significant losses can occur. In order to prevent or reduce the possibility of this occurring, certain safeguards should be implemented including:

1. An inventory of stock on hand should be conducted periodically to verify goods on display and in storage. If the inventory is computerized, backup disks should be taken off site at the end of each business day. Otherwise, inventory and sales records should be stored in a fire proof safe. This will enable speedier and more complete documentation in the event of a loss.

If pro shop stock is owned by a third party, the third party should be required to carry insurance to cover the value of the goods in the event of loss or damage 2. Security systems, such as burglar alarms, video cameras, etc., should be installed on doors and windows to deter unauthorized entry and theft. 3. The installation of fire protection equipment, including sprinkler systems, smoke alarms and fire extinguishers, should be considered. Smoking should be prohibited in the pro shop. 4. A key control system should be implemented. Doors to the pro shop should be locked when left unattended. 5. Background checks should be considered for those employees who handle significant sums of cash. 6. Checks should be marked “for deposit only” upon receipt. 7. Cash counts should be conducted behind closed and locked doors with window blinds down. 8. Cash on hand should be limited and cash register accountability procedures should be implemented. 9. An armored car service should be considered where large amounts of cash are handled. Otherwise, cash receipts should be locked in a fire proof safe until deposited. If deposits are made by staff, the deposit times should be vared to avoid patterns. If the operation of the pro shop is contracted, then the golf course should execute a professional services agreement and work with the third party (this may be the “golf pro”) to ensure that operational responsibilities are clear. Insurance and indemnification provisions should be addressed.

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C. Food and Liquor Service: It is common to have a restaurant and bar in the golf course clubhouse. In addition, food and beverages are often provided via carts on the golf course. Along with this service are certain loss exposures that are discussed below. Liquor Service: A claim may result when a golfer has one too many drinks at the clubhouse, then collides with another vehicle on the way home and injures somebody may result in a claim for injury. In addition to requiring applicable state licenses to serve liquor, there are certain safety measures that should be implemented if alcohol is being served on the course or in the clubhouse.

1. Make sure that those who serve alcohol meet minimum age requirements, and are prohibited from consuming alcohol during their work shift. 2. Train those who serve alcohol in alcohol awareness techniques, state laws, and how to deal with intoxicated persons. 3. Prohibit golfers and others from bringing alcohol on the course. 4. Check photo ID’s to verify legal ages. 5. During scrambles and other tournaments, limit the amount of alcoholic beverages per participant. 6. Serve food to help absorb alcohol. 7. Encourage designated drivers and arrange for alternative modes of transportation for those who may become intoxicated. 8. Prohibit sales to people who are obviously intoxicated. 9. Call law enforcement personnel to deal with intoxicated and unruly people.

10. If the liquor sevice is contracted, verify that the contractors have liability insurance and that the public entity is named as an additional insured on the policy.

Food Service: Food service at a golf course may range from providing snacks to a full-service restaurant. Food may also be served on the course via carts. A number of property and injury exposures are associated with serving food. For example, fires have started in golf course kitchens causing major property damage. Individuals have received food poisoning from improperly stored food. Kitchen employees have sustained serious injuries from slips and falls on wet floors, back injuries from lifting, cuts, burns and other injuries.

In order to prevent or reduce the likelihood of these incidents, certain safeguards should be implemented.

1. Health and sanitation inspections by the local health department should be conducted in the kitchen and dining areas. Food preparation, food storage, and other health and cleanliness standards should be followed. This applies to both golf course employees and third parties who may operate the restaurant. 2. Good hygiene habits should be practiced by everyone working in the kitchen and restaurant. A notice of proper hand washing requirements should be posted in restrooms.

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3. Food service workers who are ill with a contagious disease that could spread to other employees and patrons should not be permitted to work.

4. Fire protection equipment should be installed in kitchen areas, including automatic extinguishing systems in exhaust hoods. This equipment should be inspected and maintained per fire code requirements.

5. Employees should be properly trained to operate hazardous machines, such as meat cutters. 6. Employees should receive training in proper lifting techniques. 7. Kitchen floors should be kept free of slip, trip and fall hazards. Rubber mats or other slip resistant materials should be installed where needed. 8. Compressed gas cylinders should be stored upright and secured to prevent them from falling. 9. Smoking should be prohibited in the kitchen. Cigarette butts cleared from dining room tables should be doused with water and disposed in a metal container.

10. Food served on the course should be kept at proper temperatures to prevent spoilage.

11. If food and liquor service is contracted, insurance and indemnification provisions should be required in the contract.

D. Golf Cart Rental: Most courses provide motorized golf carts for rent. For a specified fee, either electric or gasoline powered carts are provided. Some courses require the golfer to sign a waiver of liability, others do not. It is usually taken for granted that cart drivers will possess the skills to operate the cart safely. Cart safety rules are usually posted on the inside of the cart.

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This golf cart storage area is protected by an automatic sprinkler system.

It is critical to establish and follow a good inspection and preventative maintenance program. Carts should be inspected daily and manufacturer’s recommendations regarding preventative maintenance should be followed. A cart rotation system should be implemented so wear and tear on carts is uniform. The safe life expectancy of golf carts should be calculated and a change-out program initiated.

If a golfer reports a defect on a cart, it should be tagged, taken out of service until fixed, and repairs documented. If a golfer is observed operating a cart unsafely, he or she should be appropriately warned or have their golf cart privileges revoked. Employees need to be trained in golf cart safety. Don’t assume that they can or will drive carts in a safe manner. Fatal injuries to employees have occurred from operating carts in an unsafe manner. Training videos are available from CIRSA on this subject. If employees are observed operating a cart in an unsafe manner, they should be appropriately counseled or disciplined. Those employees responsible for golf cart maintenance need training as well. The cart manufacturer should be contacted for help in this area. If cart maintenance is contracted, applicable insurance and indemnification provisions should be included in the contract. Some courses allow golfers to use and store their private carts on golf course premises. In these instances, golfers should be required to sign waivers of liability and acknowledge that they will maintain and operate their carts in a safe manner.

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Dividers separate driving areas and the netting helps protect neighboring property.

E. Driving Ranges:

Serious injuries may occur on driving ranges when golfers or employees are struck by errant golf balls or swinging clubs. Property damage to buildings and vehicles can also happen. There are things the course can do to minimize the risk of injury.

Driving ranges should be designed to minimize the possibility of striking other patrons. Dividers should be installed between individual teeing areas and distances between teeing stations should be at least 10-12 feet wide. The area behind the teeing area should be wide enough so that other golfers can pass safely without being struck by swinging clubs. If mats are used, they should be kept in good condition, free of tripping hazards and other defects. Driving range safety rules should be posted near the entrance to the range.

Driving ranges should be separated from chipping and putting practice areas. The boundaries of the driving range should be a safe distance from fairways and other parts of the golf course. If there is a possibility of golf balls striking people, buildings or vehicles, the use of screens or other barriers should be considered. Low flight distance golf balls or limitations on club use may also be warranted. Employees who collect range balls should be completely enclosed in a caged cart. They should be cautioned not to exit the cart while on the range if golfers are present.

F. Miscellaneous:

1. Assembly areas: Some golf courses have meeting or banquet rooms that are rented to groups for wedding receptions, tournaments, and other events. In addition to the provisions for written agreements that were described earlier, other safeguards should be taken.

Maximum occupancy requirements per local fire codes should be followed. Other code requirements regarding the number and accessibility of exits, egress patterns, etc., should be met. Exit doors should never be locked when the room is occupied. Fire extinguishers, fire alarms, smoke alarms and sprinkler systems should also be installed.

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Carpeting and other walking surfaces should be kept in good repair. Any unsafe conditions should be promptly corrected.

2. Golf Lessons: Many golf courses offer golf lessons for adults and juniors. Common sense safety practices should be applied in these situations. Extra care should be taken so beginning golfers do not strike others with errant golf balls or clubs.

Golf instructors dealing with minors should have background checks conducted prior to hire to make sure they don’t have a previous record of sexual offenses.

Other golf course activities and services may be provided in addition to those listed above. They need to be evaluated for potential loss exposures and appropriate safety and loss control programs should be implemented to prevent or reduce the likelihood of an accidental loss.

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VI. GOLF COURSE MAINTENANCE This part of the manual deals with the hazards and safeguards of performing certain golf course maintenance and landscaping functions. Golf course employees perform a variety of job activities that could cause injury and property damage. A. Shop Safety:

Golf courses typically have one or more shops that are used for maintenance, storage and similar functions. A variety of tasks are performed in these shops that create potential injury and property damage exposures. Some of the more common safety hazards and precautions are described below. The Shop Safety checklists contain more detailed safety items.

1. Material Handling: Golf course employees may be required to handle a variety of different materials such as boxes, tools and equipment. They may be exposed to back injuries and other musculoskeletal injuries from improper lifting techniques.

Material handling equipment, such as carts, hoists, and cranes should be provided to limit manual material handing. Employees should also be trained in proper lifting techniques in order to prevent back and similar injuries.

2. Battery Charging:

Battery chargers are usually found in shops for charging batteries in golf carts and other equipment. Hazards include fires from the buildup of hydrogen, acid burns from contact with battery fluid, and electrical shock. Battery charging areas need to be adequately ventilated and ignition sources removed form the area. Eye protection, rubber aprons and rubber gloves need to be worn when handling batteries. Eyewash fountains and safety showers should also be provided in the event of contact with battery acid.

Eyewash fountains and safety showers should be available in battery charging

areas.

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Employee “Right To Know” centers provide MSDS safety information.

3. Hazardous Chemicals:

Flammable liquids and gases, corrosives, oxidizers, and toxic chemicals may be used in golf course shops and other areas. A written Hazard Communication Program consistent with OSHA standard 1910.1200 should be established. The basic elements of a Haz Com program include:

• An inventory of chemicals used or stored

at the golf course. • Collecting and making available to

employees Material Safety Data Sheets for all chemicals.

• Labeling chemical containers. • Training employees on the hazards and

safeguards for applicable chemicals.

In addition, proper disposal practices must be followed to prevent environmental contamination.

4. Electrical Safety:

Electrocution and shock hazards are possible when working with electrical tools and equipment. Equipments and tools need to be inspected to ensure that electrical cords and other components are in good condition. Extension cords need to be kept free of frays and should not be used to power fixed electrical equipment.

A lockout/tagout program consistent with OSHA regulation 1910.147 should be established when working on electrical or other machines and equipment that may contain hazardous energy sources.

5. Tools and Machines:

Hand and portable powered tools such as grinders, drills, saws, sanders, etc. are used in most shops. Lawn mower blade sharpeners, grinders, drill presses, table saws, etc. may also be used. Such equipment poses a risk of electrical shock, cuts, amputations, eye injuries, and other injuries. Basic safety measures that should be followed when using tools and machines include:

• Tools and machines should be inspected

prior to use to make sure they are in safe condition.

• Machine guards should always be used when operating the tool or machine.

A plexi-glass guard provides protection for blade sharpening.

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• Employees should be trained on each piece of equipment or tool they may be required to operate.

• Personal protective equipment should be used to protect employees from inherent hazards.

6. Flammable Liquids and Gases:

Gasoline, flammable paints and solvents, oxygen/acetylene, propane and other flammable materials are commonly used at golf courses. In addition to the potential fire and explosion hazards, some solvents may be toxic and harm the environment. Basic safety precautions to use when handling these materials include:

• Eliminate any ignition sources, such as cigarettes and other open

flames, that cause fires. • Ensure there is adequate ventilation.

• Use approved flammable liquid containers for gasoline and other flammable liquids. Obtain Material Safety Data Sheets. Label all containers as to contents. Store flammable liquids in approved flammable liquid safety cabinets.

• Dispose of oily rags in approved containers. • When dispensing flammable liquids, bond and ground containers to

prevent fires from static electricity. • Wear prescribed personal protective equipment. • Dispose of waste materials according to environmental laws.

7. Housekeeping:

Disorderly and dirty shops breed accidents. Good housekeeping conditions need to be maintained. Walking/working surfaces should be kept clear of slip/trip/fall hazards. Trash should be emptied at least daily. Storage areas should not be overloaded and tools should be stored in an orderly and safe manner.

Approved flammable liquid storage cabinets reduce the potential fire exposure.

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8 Ladder Safety:

Serious injuries can result when ladders are used improperly. The Shop Safety checklist includes a number of safety measures that should be followed.

9 Welding:

Oxy/acetylene or arc welding is often done in golf course shops to repair equipment. Fire and explosion hazards are present whenever this equipment is used. In addition, toxic fumes may be emitted. Common safety precautions include:

• Ensure that adequate ventilation is available. Welding hoods

and/or portable local exhaust ventilation systems should be used when welding indoors.

• Remove any combustible materials and flammable materials from the welding area.

• Ensure proper personal protective equipment, including eye protection, gloves, etc. is being worn.

• Store oxygen and acetylene cylinders separately, upright and away from ignition sources.

• When arc welding, install tarps or screens around the work area to prevent others from getting flash burns to their eyes.

• Keep fire extinguishers nearby in the event of a fire.

10. Confined Spaces:

Occasionally, employees may need to enter confined spaces, such as storage tanks, sewers, and vaults. Common hazards in confined spaces include oxygen deficiency, toxic or flammable atmospheres, hazardous energy sources, fall hazards, etc. If golf course employees work in confined spaces, a confined space entry program consistent with OSHA requirements (1910.146 Permit Required Confined Spaces) should be established.

11. Personal Protective Equipment:

Golf course employees need to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect them from various job hazards. Items such as hardhats, safety glasses or goggles, hearing protection, respirators, gloves, safety shoes, and other protective equipments should be supplied by the golf course for use by employees. The OSHA personal protective equipment standard, 1910.132, provides the guidelines for a comprehensive PPE program.

Each job should be analyzed to determine what types of PPE should be used, based on the hazards identified. Once this assessment is completed, appropriate PPE should be selected. Employees will be more apt to wear the

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For protection against errant balls, this operator wears an approved hard hat.

PPE if they are involved in the selection process. PPE that meets ANSI, NIOSH, and other applicable standards should then be purchased.

Each employee required to use PPE should be trained in its use, including the purpose, proper fit, limitations, care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal. Special training is needed for PPE such as respiratory protection and hearing protective devices.

Of course, employees must wear prescribed PPE if it is to be of any value. Job-specific safety rules should be established which spell out the types of PPE required. Supervisors should enforce safety rules and employees who violate these rules should be appropriately counseled, re-trained or disciplined.

B. Landscaping Safety:

A variety of potential hazards may be present when employees are performing golf course landscaping and maintenance. Each activity needs to be analyzed and safeguards implemented. Some of the more common hazards are discussed below.

1. Weather-Related Hazards:

Most areas of the country experience weather-related hazards that can harm employees. In addition to the lightning hazard described earlier, injuries from hail, high winds, or localized flooding could occur. Exposure to the sun can cause burns or lead to skin cancer. Hot temperatures may cause heat exhaustion or heat stroke; cold temperatures may cause hypothermia or frostbite.

Golf course managers need to assess weather-related hazards on a continuous basis and take steps to protect employees. Employees need to be made aware of these potential hazards and follow proper safety procedures.

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Employees should be advised to find adequate shelter as storms approach to protect themselves from possible lightning and hail. Work in arroyos, trenches, excavations and other low-lying areas should be suspended if there is a flash flood danger.

Landscaping activities may require employees to work under the sun a great part of the day. Skin cancer hazards from exposure to the sun are well documented. To reduce this exposure, employees should be provided and encouraged to apply sun block with a high Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Brimmed hats, long-sleeved shirts and long pants are also recommended.

When it is hot and/or humid outside, employees should be encouraged to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. Frequent breaks may be needed especially when strenuous physical work is being performed.

Similarly, employees working in cold temperatures should be adequately protected to prevent hypothermia and frostbite. Hazards from ice and snow accumulation should also be removed.

Employees should be trained to recognize the signs of heat and cold exposure, apply proper first aid treatment, and call emergency medical personnel if needed.

2. Mowing and Other Landscaping Equipment:

Mowers, tractors, weedeaters, and other tools and equipment are used to mow greens, fairways, and maintain other parts of the course. Operators are exposed to hazards from contact with mower blades and other mechanical components. Injuries from flying debris may also occur. Hearing loss from long-term exposure to high noise levels may result. In addition, rollover accidents from operating tractors or other riding equipment may happen when traversing steep grades.

The safety precautions in the manufacturer’s handbook should be followed when operating any mowing or landscaping equipment. Often times, the manufacturer’s representative will provide employee training in safe use and operation of the equipment. Employee training is critical to the safe operation of any machine or piece of equipment.

The appropriate PPE should be used when operating landscaping and maintenance equipment. Eye protection, hearing protection, gloves and other PPE may be needed. Hardhats and reflective vests should be worn when working on the course where the potential for being struck by errant golf balls exists.

The fueling of mowing and landscaping equipment can present a fire hazard. Equipment should be shut off before fueling and this should be done outside or where adequate ventilation exists. Smoking should be strictly prohibited and

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This mower is equipped with rollover protection. The operator pauses to evaluate the slope of the hill.

other potential ignition sources removed from the fueling area. Portable gas cans should be UL listed or FM approved. Emergency fuel shutoff switches should be installed and fire extinguishers located nearby.

Some riding mowers, tractors, and other equipment may be equipped with seat belts. Where provided, they should be worn.

Most machines and equipment have guards installed to protect employees from rotating blades, belts, and other hazards. Guards should be inspected prior to use and equipment should never be operated unless guards are in place.

Serious and fatal injuries have occurred when employees have rolled mowers, tractors, etc., while on steep hills. Rollover devices should be installed on applicable equipment. Employees need to be trained in safe procedures when operating various equipment on hillsides.

The inspection and maintenance procedures and schedules described in manufacturer manuals should be followed and documented. Any modifications to the equipment should be approved by the manufacturer.

3. Trenches and Excavations:

Golf course employees may have the occasion to work in or around trenches and excavations. Trench collapses are a major hazard that need to be managed. Procedures consistent with OSHA regulation 1926, Subpart B, Excavations, should be followed.

Protective systems such as trench boxes, shoring, or sloping may be required. A “competent person” needs to supervise the job. Employees need to be trained in safe job procedures.

Underground utilities may be severed whenever trenches, excavations and other holes are dug. Proper utility locates per state regulations need to be done prior to digging.

Seat belts should be worn when avalilble.

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Unprotected trenches and excavations can also present a serious safety hazard for golfers. These areas need to be covered or barricaded to prevent golf carts, golfers and employees from accidentally falling into them.

4. Harmful Animals, Insects, and Plants:

You may find poisonous snakes, alligators, and a variety of insects and other animals on golf courses. Poisonous plants, such as poison ivy and poison oak, may be indigenous to certain golf courses. Animals, insects, and plants that can cause injury or illness to employees and golfers need to be managed. Of course, any control application needs to be accomplished in an environmentally sound way.

In areas where potentially dangerous animals, such as poisonous snakes, exist warning signs should be posted. If there is a history of bites to humans, physical barriers, animal relocation or other means of reducing the risk to humans should be considered. Local and state wildlife officials should be contacted to determine the appropriate control method.

Insects, such as bees, wasps, scorpions and poisonous spiders can also cause injuries. If they are present in common areas such as the clubhouse or around trash receptacles, attempts should be made to control them. Any application of insecticides should be done according to state and federal regulations, and in strict adherence to the manufacturer’s instructions.

If poisonous plants exist on or around the golf course, warning signs should be posted or the plants removed.

Employees need to be trained to identify potentially harmful animals, insects, and plants and take appropriate measures to protect themselves. Long pants, long-sleeved shirts, gloves, boots, and personal protective equipment may be needed when working in certain parts of the golf course. Insect repellants may be needed for problem areas. First aid kits that are equipped with appropriate treatment items should be supplied. Employees who are allergic to plants or insects may require special protection and first aid supplies.

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Trees are pruned to allow safe passage.

5. Tree Hazard Management:

Most golf courses have trees. As such, they need to be managed so they do not create an undue hazard for golfers. In addition, employees need to be trained to properly care for trees and other plants so they do not injure themselves during maintenance and landscaping activities.

A qualified arborist or forester should be consulted on the selection, planting and evaluation of trees. In addition, a tree inspection and analysis program should be established so that potentially hazardous trees are identified. A hazard ranking system should be in place. Corrective action should be taken as necessary to eliminate or reduce hazards.

Employees who perform tree trimming need special equipment and training. Personal protective equipment such as eye and face protection, gloves, safety shoes, and hearing protection should be provided. Employees need to be trained on the safe operation of chainsaws and other tools and equipment. If employees will be working from heights, fall protection equipment will need to be provided as well. Special safety precautions need to be taken when working near overhead power lines.

Downed trees and branches should be removed from the course promptly to prevent golfers from driving or falling over them.

The checklist on Tree Hazard Management includes a number of other safety items that should be considered as part of your tree safety program.

6. Personal Protective Equipment:

In section A.11 above, a discussion of personal protective equipment (PPE) regarding shop safety is provided. The same concepts apply to landscaping safety as well. Each job should be assessed to determine what types of PPE should be used based on the hazards identified. Appropriate PPE should then be selected and employees trained in its use, care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal.

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Of special concern for employees working on the golf course is the risk of being struck by errant golf balls. A blow to the head, neck, face or other body part could cause serious or fatal injuries. At a minimum, employees who work on the course need to wear hardhats. Reflective vests should also be considered. Those employees who operate carts (including beverage carts) mowers, etc. in the vicinity of golfers need to be instructed on how to position themselves out of the direct line of flight of golf balls.

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VII. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The construction, operation and maintenance of a golf course can create potential environmental exposures. Golf course management needs to recognize these loss exposures and take the necessary measures to protect the environment and reduce the possibility of a loss. A. Course Design and Construction: Environmental issues should be a major consideration in the design of new golf courses. Items such as the protection of plant and wildlife habitat, wetlands, lakes, streams, etc. should be addressed. An Environmental Impact Statement may be required before construction begins. Qualified golf course architects should be selected so they can effectively interface with developers, local, state and federal regulators, and local citizen groups on environmental concerns.

Construction contractors who are experienced in working around sensitive environmental areas should be selected as well. Plans should be made and followed to minimize disruption to existing plants, wildlife and other environmentally sensitive areas.

The design process should also consider the ongoing operations and maintenance of the golf course. Issues such as water conservation, habitat management, application of pesticides, runoff patterns, storage and disposal of chemicals, etc. need to be addressed during the design phase. B. Fuel Storage Tanks: The storage of gasoline and other fuels is a significant environmental liability exposure. Leaking underground or above ground storage tanks can contaminate water and land, and require expensive cleanups.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates underground storage tanks under Title 42, Chapter 82, Subchapter IX, Section 6991. EPA has delegated this regulatory responsibility to many states. Regulations regarding the design, construction, installation, inspection, testing and maintenance of underground tanks need to be followed. Adequate leak detection systems need to be in place. Any tanks taken out of service need to be closed per EPA requirements.

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Above ground fuel storage tanks present their own hazards. In addition to potential environmental contamination from leaks, a fire hazard also exists. Applicable fire codes need to be adhered to. Dikes should be provided to contain any spills. Barriers should be installed to prevent vehicles, carts and landscaping equipment from running into tanks. “No Smoking” signs should be posted in the immediate vicinity of the tanks. Fuel dispensers should be locked when left unattended.

C. Pesticides: Most golf courses use pesticides. Pesticides include insecticides, rodenticides, herbicides and fungicides. The EPA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) regulates the manufacture, use and disposal of pesticides. Other state laws also apply. Golf course management needs to comply with applicable laws to ensure the safe use, storage, and disposal of pesticides. Employees need be properly trained in order to avoid possible illness and environmental contamination when using pesticides.

The CIRSA Pesticide Safety Manual includes pertinent safety information on the handling and use of pesticides. A copy of this manual may be obtained by contacting the CIRSA Loss Control Department.

In general, loss control recommendations regarding pesticide use include the following:

Explore non-toxic or less toxic alternatives to pest control.

• Comply with applicable state and federal pesticide laws and regulations.

• Train all employees who work with pesticides in their proper handling and use. Those who apply “restricted use” pesticides need to be certified.

• Follow the manufacturers’ instructions regarding pesticide application and disposal.

• Provide the proper personal protective equipment to employees. • Document the time, date, type of pesticide and other information when pesticides

are applied.

Fuel tanks are labeled and diked.

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Records of pesticide applications should be kept.

• Apply pesticides when wind

conditions are favorable so the pesticides will not drift onto private property or into occupied buildings.

• Notify applicable employees, golfers and others where pesticides have been applied if a potential hazard exists. Post signs as appropriate.

• Store pesticides in safe locations according to labeling instructions. Provide adequate ventilation.

• Instruct employees to avoid eating, drinking and smoking in the vicinity of pesticides. Provide adequate eating, food storage and hand washing facilities.

• Provide safety showers and eyewash fountains where pesticides are mixed and stored.

• Dispose of pesticides and their containers according to applicable regulations. • Well-designed wash pads should be provided for the cleaning and

decontamination of pesticide sprayers, carts and landscaping equipment. Rinsate should be properly disposed or reapplied to the course.

• Spill response procedures should be developed in the event of a pesticide spill. Spill kits should be kept on hand for such purposes.

• First aid supplies to treat pesticide exposure should be readily available. Some golf courses may contract the application of pesticides. In these cases, the contractor should be required to carry appropriate types and limits of insurance, and indemnify the golf course in the event of a claim. The CIRSA Pesticide Safety Manual contains a sample contract and consultant agreement for pesticide applicators.

D. Shop Waste:

Maintenance shops usually generate waste materials such as solvents, oils, paints, and old batteries. These materials need to be disposed of according to EPA regulations. In some cases, waste materials can be recycled. Contracts with companies that specialize in this type of service should be arranged when appropriate.

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Some waste materials, such as solvents and paints, may be flammable. Special precautions should be taken to prevent fires. Containers need to be labeled and smoking and other ignition sources removed from the storage area. Batteries also need to be discarded in a safe and environmentally sound manner. Where possible, they should also be recycled.

This parts cleaning tank is equipped with a fuseable lid and is well posted with safety

reminders.

Does a wheel-chair accessible route connect the buildings with vehicle parking areas?

Are areas such as snack bars, restrooms and weather shelters on the course accessible and connected by a golf cart path?

Do accessible routes (at least 48 inches wide) connect to the bag drop areas, accessible teeing grounds and putting greens?

Where handrails are required, is the route at least 60 inches wide?

Where driving ranges or practice ranges are provided, are at least 5%, but not less than one, of the practice tees accessible?

If one teeing ground is provided for a hole, is it accessible? If two or more teeing grounds are provided for a hole, are at least two teeing grounds accessible?

Is the teeing ground level with a clear space of 10x10 feet and designed and constructed so that a golf cart can enter in a forward direction and maneuver?

Are weather shelters designed and constructed to allow a golf cart to enter and exit in a forward direction and do they have a clear floor or ground space of 60 inches minimum by 96 inches minimum?

Are putting/chipping greens designed and constructed to allow a golf cart to enter, maneuver within, and exit the putting green?

Do bunkers have a minimum of one point of entry/exit?

Are openings at least 60 inches wide at intervals of 75 yards where curbs or other manmade barriers are provided along a golf car passage?

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TOPIC: AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Is at least one of every 25 parking spaces accessible (96 inches wide with a demarcated adjacent access side of 60 inches) for the disabled?

Are the accessible parking spaces properly posted with the universal symbol for accessibility and are they the closest spaces to the building?

Do accessible van spaces have a vertical clearance of at least 114 inches?

Are the pedestrian aisles, parking surfaces and curb ramps stable, firm, and slip resistant?

Have doorways, interior aisles, water fountains, telephones, and restrooms been evaluated for compliance with the ADA?

Have course policies, practices, and procedures been modified to serve people with disabiilities on an equal basis?

Have special emergency procedures been established for evacuating persons with disabiliies?

Are golf lessons and other activities available for disabled persons?

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT, continued

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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Has the staff been trained regarding the animal and insect hazards they may encounter?

Are buildings and grounds regularly inspected to eliminate poisonous plants and animals?

If pesticide spraying is conducted, is it conducted according to appropriate regulations?

Are signs posted in areas that may harbor dangerous wildlife?

Is first aid equipment and emergency training conducted for employees whose job requires them to work in hazardous areas? For employees who are hypersensitive to bee and wasp stings, are kits with epinephrine and antihistamines present?

Is necessary personal protective equipment available and required to be worn when working in crawl spaces, ditches, undeveloped fields, and rocky areas?

Is garbage removed or properly secured to prevent access by animals?

Have employees and patrons been instructed not to feed, pet or catch animals, since they may harbor disease?

Are the appropriate telephone numbers for animal control, Division of Wildlife, poison control, and Department of Health posted near the telephone?

CIRSA

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Have all applicable purchasing, competitive bidding, and/or contracting requirements been followed in selecting contractors, vendors, service providers, and other parties?

Has each draft contract been prepared or reviewed by the municipal attorney?

Does each contract include components for the protection of the public entity, including: indemnification and hold harmless agreements? A requirement that the contractor obtain insurance, and include the public entity, its officers, and its employees, as additional insureds? A requirement that the contractor furnish a certified copy of its insurance policy or policies to the entity? Have payment arrangements been defined clearly?

If the other party is an out-of state contractor, does the contract specify that Colorado law applies to the interpretation of the contract, and that Colorado courts have jurisdiction over contract disputes?

Are there remedies or penalties for a breach of contract by the other party?

Are appropriate clauses included in the contract, such as anti-discrimination, compliance with the Americans with Disabilties Act, independent contractor status, and compliance with safety, health, environmental, and other laws?

Has each contract been properly approved by the appropriate representative of each party?

Are leasees of the pro shop, restaurant, concessions, and other services required to meet municipal safety standards?

Have you required adequate limits of insurance from other organizations using your facilities?

For independent contractor services (such as golf lessons, club repair, etc.), have you executed an agreement with the individual service providers addressing matters suchs as: The specific services to be provided along with any program standards or performance requirements? The date ranges of performance? Who has responsibility for tools, equipment, supplies, etc.?

Does the contract contain language along the following lines in bold-face type? "The parties understand that the contractor is not entitled to workers' compensation benefits or unemployment compensation benefits and is obligated to pay federal and state income tax on any moneys earned pursuant to this agreement? "

CIRSA

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Have you obtained the service provider's trade, corporate, or business name, mailing address, and federal employer ID number/social security number for withholding purposes?

Have appropriate insurance requirements (such as general or business liability, professional liability, auto laibility, etc.) been imposed, and have you obtained appropriate certificates of insurance?

If students from local schools are permitted to practice and play on the entity's golf course, have written agreements been executed which define who is responsible for insurance and claims?

If golfers are permitted to store their golf carts and other equipment at the golf course, are they required to sign a disclaimer that alleviates the golf course from liability in the event their equipment is lost, stolen or damaged?

Are golfers required to sign a disclaimer when renting golf carts that relieves the golf course of liability for injuries sustained while driving a cart?

For special events at golf course facilities such as wedding receptions, parties and tournaments, are third parties required to carry insurance and hold the golf course harmless in the event of a claim?

TOPIC: CONTRACTS, INDEMNIFICATION, INSURANCE and LEASES continued

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CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

For golf courses being planned, do golf course architects, developers, contractors, public entity personnel, and other appropriate parties review safety and environmental issues? Are periodic reviews conducted throughout the planning, design and construction of the course?

Before alterations are made to exisiting courses, is consideration given to the effect the changes will have on course safety and the environment?

Are experienced golf course architects utilized for planning and design considerations?

Is site specific design criteria used to develop setbacks and golf course safety corridors?

Are applicable building codes and land use regulations adhered to?

Are dimensions for the following items part of the golf course planning and design phase?Minimum horizontal clearances between the greens and next tees? Minimum clearances between adjacent tees and greens? Distances between adjacent landing areas? Distances between the centerlines of a golf hole and boundaries with adjacent development? Minimum distances separating adjacent fairways?

Are blind shot holes avoided?

Are shelters provided at key locations for golfers seeking protection from inclement weather and lightning?

Are safety factors considered when golf course buildings or private development surround a dogleg hole?

Are parking lots, pedestrian areas, driving ranges, etc. taken into consideration in terms of layout of specific holes?

Are golf cart paths specifically designed, constructed and maintained to reduce collisions between carts and golfers being struck by errant golf balls?

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Are clear sightlines and visibility of players on the course considered in the course design?

Is the placement of signs, ball washers, benches, tee boxes, shelters, etc. reviewed for golfer safety as part of the design, construction, or renovation process?

Is the installation of various warning signs part of the planning process for new courses and continuosly reviewed on existing courses?

Is the topography of the course considered when planning landing zones, especially when planning the distances between greens and next tees?

Are cart paths designed to assist drivers in maintianing control over their cart? Are the following factors considered? Surfacing material? Steepness of grades? Sharpness of curves? Elimination of dips and bumps? Drainage? Sightlines? Two-way traffic patterns? Vegetation? Parking areas?

Where there is a history of injury or property damage from errant golf balls on certain holes, are the causes and possible corrective action analyzed?

Are all accidents investigated promptly and reported to your insurer if required?

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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CIRSA

Is the driving range designed to minimize the possibility of balls striking other patrons?

Have adequate dividers or stalls been erected in the "tee-off" area?

Are teeing stations at least 10 to 12 feet wide? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

If driving is permitted from both ends of the driving range, is it at least 330 yards long? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is there a separate grass area in which players are permitted to practice driving?

Are the number of golfers on the driving range regulated if there are no physical separation barriers?

Is the driving range located far enough away from the course to decrease the chance of injury?

Is the range oriented into prevailing winds? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are driving range safety rules posted near the entrance to the range?

Are driving stalls, including mats, well maintained to reduce slips, trips, and falls?

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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CIRSA

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GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

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Has a written emergency plan been established and reviewed with key employees, volunteers, sponsors and emergency personnel?

Have provisions been made for back-up utility service (electric, gas, phones, etc.) in the event of interruption of essential services?

Have evacuation plans been established for the course, clubhouse, and other key areas?

Have the local police and fire departments and ambulance services been included in the emergency planning process?

Are first aid supplies kept at key locations? Are key employees trained in first aid and CPR?

Are mock drills conducted periodically to test the emergency plan?

Have adequate access routes been established for emergency vehicles?

Do mutual aid agreements exist for requesting emergency assistance from other jurisdictions?

CIRSA

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TOPIC: EMERGENCY PLANNING

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Are the entity's personnel policies and procedures followed during various employment actions including hiring and terminating of employees?

Has a policy on prohibited harassment been established and communicated to all employees?

Are harassment complaints investigated and appropriately resolved?

Are background checks conducted on those employees who handle cash or are involved with children activities and programs?

Have managers and supervisors received training on employment liability issues?

Are golf course managers, supervisors, and employees held accountable for safety performance via periodic performance appraisals?

Are policies and procedures in place to ensure that you are not violating state and federal child labor laws?

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TOPIC: EMPLOYMENT LIABILITY

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GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

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Design Issues:

For new courses, have Environmental Impact Statements been completed where required?

Have qualified and experienced golf course architects and contractors been hired to prepare and implement an environmental plan?

Have applicable federal and state environmental laws and regulations been reviewed and considered in the design, operation and maintenance of the golf course?

Has the protection of enviromentally sensitive areas, such as wetlands, animal habitats, lakes, etc. been considered as part of the design, construction, operation and maintenance of the golf course?

Have interested parties in the community been made part of the golf course planning process?

Pesticides: (Reference CIRSA's "Pesticide Safety Manual")

Does the golf course comply with federal and state pesticide safety laws including the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)?

If golf course employees apply restricted use persticides, are they certified per federal and state laws?

Are golf course employees who mix, apply, or dispose of pesticides trained to do so in a safe manner?

Are pesticide containers properly labeled per EPA requirements? Do employees follow labeling instructions? Are Material Safety Data Sheets available for all pesticides?

Are eyewash fountains and safety showers provided in areas where pesticides are mixed or stored?

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CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

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TOPIC: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Pesticides continued:

Are employees provided the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, eye protection, head protection, respirators, and chemical resistant foot and body protection? Are they trained in the safe use and required to wear appropriate PPE?

Are handwashing faciltities provided? Are first aid kits avialable? Are employees instructed not to eat, drink, store food, smoke, handle contact lenses or apply makeup when there is potential for pesticide contamination?

Are records kept of the time, date, type of pesitcide, concentration, wind direction, and locations where pesticides were applied?

Are provisions taken to prevent overdrift? Are employees and golfers appropriately warned where pesticides have recently been applied?

Are manufacturer's instructions followed regarding the mixing, application, storage and disposal of pesticides?

Are non-toxic or less toxic pesticides substitutued when feasible?

If pesticide application is contracted, are contractors required to have insurance, indemnify the golf course, and comply with federal and state laws? If required, do you check the contractors certifications?

Are pesticide storage facitities ventilated, temperature controlled and appropriately signed? Is explosion proof electrical equipment installed if there could be flammable atmospheres present?

Are incompatible chemicals segregated from each other? Is shelving nonporous?

Are pesticide storage areas marked with applicable warning labels and placards and secured when not in use?

Are adequate wash pads provided for the cleaning/decontamination of pesticide sprayers and turf equipment? Is waste water properly treated and disposed?

Have spill response plans been developed in the event of a pesticide spill? Are employees trained in spill response procedures? Are absorbant materials readily available?

Are waste pesticides and containers properly diposed?

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GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

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Fuel Storage:

Are above ground tanks protected with bumper poles to prevent vehicle contact?

Do underground storage tanks (UST) meet EPA requirements regarding design, construction and installation?

Are adequate leak detection systems in place?

Are out of use tanks closed per EPA requirements?

Are tanks clearly labeled with their contents and an NFPA placard installed?

Is there a posted emergency fuel shut off located within 50 feet of the fuel dispensingoperation? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is there a fire extinguisher with a Class B rating mounted within 50 feet of the fueldispensing operation? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is the fuel dispensing area posted as "No Smoking Flammable" for gasoline and/or "NoSmoking Combustible" for diesel storage? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are fuel tanks double walled and self contained or are they located inside protectivedikes capable of containing 150% of the largest tank's volume? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are dikes provided with manual drain valves for removing excess water? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is the fuel tank power supply turned off after hours or are nozzles locked to preventunauthorized use? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are waste solvents, oils and paints properly disposed?

Are old batteries properly disposed?

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Shop Waste:

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

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TOPIC: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, continued

Fire Protection and Alarm Systems:

Are fire extinguishers readily accessible and kept in designated locations?

Are fire extinguishers charged and operable?

Are extinguishers of the appropriate size and class for types of fires that may occur?

Are extinguishers located a maximum of 50 feet of walking distance for service areas and 75 feet of walking distance in storage areas and clubhouses?

Upon orientation and annually thereafter, have employees been trained in proper use of fire extinguishers for various type of fires?

Are extinguishers visibly inspected monthly?

Is annual maintenance/service provided by an authorized service firm?

If buildings are equipped with automatic sprinkler systems, are they inspected and serviced at least annually?

Are all fire protection riser valves locked in the open position?

Are building sprinkler systems protected from mechanical damage and cold weather?

If buildings are equipped with a fire/smoke detection system, is it routinely inspected?

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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Fire Protection and Alarm Systems, continued:

Is the fire/smoke detector system tested and maintained to ensure reliability?

Are building alarm systems greater than ambient noise or light levels?

Are employees trained in emergency response?

Are ignition sources such as open flames, cigarettes, and sparks controlled?

Flammable Liquids:

Are flammable liquids used in areas that have proper ventilation?

Are containers bonded and grounded when transferring flammable liquids from one container to another?

Are flammable liquids stored in FM or UL listed safety containers that have self closing spouts, flash arresters and are properly labeled?

Are flammable liquid cans and containers kept in approved flammable liquid storage cabinets when not being used?

Are flammable liquids disposed in an EPA approved manner?

Are ignition sources such as open flames, cigarettes, sparks from welding operations and electricity avoided when working with flammable liquids?

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TOPIC: FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION, continued

Electrical Hazards:

Is the building electrical system in good working order?

For emergency access, is storage kept at least 30 inches away from circuit breaker panels?

Are portable heaters only used in emergencies? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

If used, are portable heaters equipped with mercury switches that turn the unit off if it istipped over? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are portable heaters unplugged when left unattended for significant periods of time? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are all circuit breakers clearly labeled as to the items/areas they control? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION, continued

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

Cooking Operations:

If commercial cooking is conducted, is the cooking operation protected with aprofessionally designed fire suppression system according to NFPA 96? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is the emergency activation pull switch readily accessible? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is the protection system serviced twice a year by a professional contractor? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Do kitchen fire extinguishers have a Class K rating due to the special nature created withheated grease fires? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are grease filters regularly cleaned? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is the vent and related duct work of the exhaust system professionally cleaned at leastannually for limited operations and twice a year for year round cooking? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is all lighting under the hood listed for use over commercial cooking appliances? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Does heat-producing equipment have an automatic shut off valve in the fuel or electricline that connects to the fire suppression system? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are fryers separated from surface flames of adjacent equipment (broilers) by a space of16 inches or with an 8 inch high stainless steel barrier? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are fryers equipped with separate high-limit controls? Do they have adjustable operating temperature control to shut off the fuel (electric or gas) if the temperature of the oilreaches 475 degrees Fahrenheit at one inch below the surface?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

TOPIC: FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION, continued

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

Has a comprehensive safety program been established to manage the golf course loss exposures?

Has a safety policy been developed and signed off by the golf course superintendent that indicates management's commitment towards providing a safe environment for employees, golfers and visitors?

Are golf course managers, supervisors and employees held accountable for safety performance via periodic evaluations?

Do golf course employees receive safety training so they have the knowledge and skills to perform their jobs safely?

Has a safety inspection program been established to detect and eliminate or control potential safety hazards? Are inspections and follow-up actions documented?

Have incident/accident reporting and investigation procedures been established and communicated to all employees?

Are near miss accidents reported and investigated?

Are incidents analyzed periodically to determine trends?

Has a safety committee or safety coordinator been appointed to help establish, implement, and maintain the golf course safety program?

Has a harassment policy been established and communicated to all employees?

Are reports of harassment investigated?

Have one or more medical providers been designated in writing to treat employees who sustain on-the-job injuries or illnesses? Have all employees been made aware of this policy?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

TOPIC: GENERAL SAFETY PROGRAM ELEMENTS

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Has a modified duty program been established to facilitate, where possible, the return to work by injured employees who are unable to perform their full duties?

Are policies and procedures in place to communicate with municipal human resource professionals on personnel issues, including but not limited to, hiring and termination procedures?

Are safety rules established and communciated to employees regarding personal protective equipment requirements, seat belts, accident reporting, and other safety items?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Chery Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: GENERAL SAFETY PROGRAM ELEMENTS, continued

Cart Paths:

Are cart paths kept free of debris and other obstructions?

Are signs posted warning golfers of rough areas, sharp curves, and steep inclines where slow speed is critical?

If areas on the path allow for carts to be driven in more than one direction, is the path of sufficient width?

Have blind areas where carts and golfers on foot might collide been eliminated?

Are obstacles in the rough clearly marked so that drivers have sufficient time to avoid them?

Are "STOP" signs and other appropriate warning signs posted where cart paths intersect streets and roads?

Do all bridges have curbs or guard rails located on the sides?

Do sloped cart paths next to tees have a level parking area or a curb to prevent the cart from rolling if the brakes should fail?

Are cart paths along fairways constructed away from the intended flight of golf balls?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

TOPIC: GOLF CARTS AND PATHS

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Cart Maintenance:

Are cart rotation procedures used to ensure all carts receive equal use?

Are fleet maintenance schedules used to determine and develop routine cart maintenance?

Does the maintenance schedule indicate the cart number and maintenance frequency such as weekly, monthly and seasonal?

Can failure or wear patterns be identified by reviewing work orders?

Can patterns of high breakdown be identified that might indicate inadequate scheduled maintenance?

Are golfer survey tags used to encourage feedback on the condition of carts?

If a cart is identified as needing repair, is it promptly removed from use and a repair order completed?

Daily Inspections:

Is a daily check poster displayed in the cart pick-up area?

Do inspections include checking the brakes for even stops, and that parking brake holds and release properly?

Is the steering checked for positive feel and play?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: GOLF CARTS, continued

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Daily Inspections, continued:

Are tires checked for proper inflation and damage?

Is the back-up alarm tested?

Are all controls, including the key switch and direction selector, evaluated?

Is the accelerator checked for operating smoothly and fully returning?

Is the engine evaluated for choke operation, ease of starting, smoothness of running, and fuel level?

Is overall cleanliness of the cart evaluated?

Are carts checked to ensure all operation and warning stickers are present?

Are employees trained to operate golf carts safely?

Are golfers required to sign waivers of liability before operating carts?

If cart maintenance is contracted, are applicable insurance and indemnification provisions included in the contract?

If citizens are permitted to use and/or store their private carts on the golf course premises, are they required to sign waivers of liability?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: GOLF CARTS, continued

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Has a written hazard communication program been established and reviewed with employees?

Is there an updated inventory sheet of the hazardous chemicals in work areas?

Are Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) updated and present for each hazardous chemical in work areas?

Have all barriers been removed that would limit access to MSDS, inventory lists or written programs in work areas?

Have employees been trained in how to use an MSDS, the required personal protective equipment, proper clean-up of chemical spills, first aid procedures and how to read container labels?

Are hazardous chemicals properly stored when not in use?

Are employees informed when new hazardous chemicals are introduced in their work area?

Are hazardous chemical containers properly labeled?

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

TOPIC: HAZARD COMMUNICATION

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Landscaping Equipment:

Are manufacturer's handbooks and manuals available for all landscaping equipment?

Are employees trained how to safely operate landscaping equipment?

Are preventative maintenance programs followed for the various types of equipment?

Is landscaping equipment inspected before use to make sure guards are in place and there are no defects?

Do employees wear seatbelts on tractors and other equipment that have seatbelts installed?

Is equipment shut off before fueling and when left unattended?

Is fueling done in areas with adequate ventilation and with no ignition sources present?

Are rollover protection devices provided on tractors?

Are employees instructed how to mow or travel on steep hills to prevent rollovers of landscaping equipment?

Are employees provided personal protective equipment (PPE) such as hardhats, gloves, hearing protection, safety shoes, reflective vests, etc. to protect them from job hazards?

Are employees required to wear the PPE provided?

CIRSA

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

TOPIC: LANDSCAPING SAFETY

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Lawn Mower Safety:

Is PPE including head, eye, ear and foot protection worn?

Are areas to be mowed checked for rocks, glass, pipes, sprinkler heads or other objects that could damage the mower or inflect injury?

Is caution used when mowing near people or vehicles to avoid striking them with flying debris?

Are slope faces mowed up and down to prevent overturning?

Are engines stopped and the blades also allowed to stop before grass catchers are emptied, chute obstructions are cleared, height adjustments made, or performing any activity that could place the hands or feet near the blade?

Trenching and Excavations:

Are protective systems such as trench box, shoring or sloping used for trenches and excavations?

Is at least one person designated as a "competent person" for trenching and excavation jobs per OSHA standards?

Have employees who work in trenches and excavations received safety training?

Have underground utilities been located before a dig?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: LANDSCAPING SAFETY, continued

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Trenching and Excavations continued:

Is the excavation evaluated at the beginning of each day for potential safety hazards?

Are access ladders provided at least every 25 feet when working in a long trench?

Has the atmosphere in the trench been tested for toxic vapors, oxygen deficiency and flammable gas accumulation?

Are unattended trenches, excavations and other holes in the ground barricaded so golfers and employees don't drive or walk into them?

Work Zone Protection:

Is the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) followed when working on streets and roads?

Is a plan developed for work zone safety that incorporates the safety of employees, pedestrians, golfers, and vehicles?

Are flaggers used where other traffic control methods are inadequate?

Are flaggers certified?

Are advance warning signs, posted speed limits, and adequate barricades provided where needed?

Are other traffic control devices provided?

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: LANDSCAPING SAFETY, continued

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Heat, Sun, and Cold Exposures:

Are employees who work in the sun provided sunscreen?

Are employees who work in hot and/or humid weather provided water or other fluids to prevent dehydration and heat stress?

Are employees encouraged to wear hats and long pants and long sleeved shirts to prevent sunburn?

Are the employees who work in cold weather adequately protected to prevent frost bite and hypothermia?

Have employees been trained to recognize the signs and symptoms, and treatment for serious heat and cold exposure?

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: LANDSCAPING SAFETY, continued

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Chery Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Is there a formal lightning-warning procedure? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is the emergency action plan periodically reviewed with all staff? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is there an individual responsible for monitoring local weather forecast, NOAA weather radio or the Weather Channel for changing weather conditions? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is the course posted with lightning warning signs and informational signs?

If feasible, does the course have a lightning sensor system that can be used for advanced warning to suspend play, or for letting players know when it is safe to resume play? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Does the course warning system include signal lights to warn hearing impaired golfers? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is the "All Clear" signal considerably different from the "Warning" signal? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is the clubhouse lightning-protected? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are safe shelters noted on scorecards?

Are unprotected shelters posted with clear disclaimer statements that the shelters do not offer protection from lightning?

Are lightning shelters provided with air terminals, down conductors and ground terminals?

Is the lightning protection system for shelters and the clubhouse installed according to the National Fire Protection Association 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems or Underwriters Laboratories UL 96A (Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection Systems)?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: LIGHTNING

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Are shelters provided with at least two, preferably four down conductors on two diagonally opposite sides of the structure?

To protect irrigation and pumping stations, is the equipment physically isolated from the main power grid or provided with automatic isolating equipment?

Is the sprinkler system protected with surge protection and UPS controls?

Is a #6 bare copper wire connected to a series of grounding rods, the controller cabinet (including a jumper to the door and any backplate) with a clean screw type connector?

Has sprinkler ground wire resistance been tested annually?

Are the sprinkler electrical connections inspected at least twice a year?

Are both sides of the sprinkler circuit provided with fuses as low as normal operation will allow?

Have lone or prominent trees used by golfers for rain protection been provided with lightning protection?

Are employees prohibited from operating tractors, carts, and other machinery during lightning storms?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

CIRSA

TOPIC: LIGHTNING, continued

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Liquor:

Are all golf course personnel who serve alcohol at least 21 years old? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is the selling of alcohol to individuals under the age of 21 prohibited? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is a sign posted stating that customers must be 21 and must provide identification? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Has the staff been trained in checking photo identifications and for forged identification? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Have bartenders participated in programs such as the TIPs (Training in Intervention Procedures for Servers)?

Are bartenders and servers encouraged to inform managers of patrons who appear intoxicated?

Is there a written policy for dealing with intoxicated patrons?

Is there a policy which prohibits golfers and others from bringing alcohol on the course?

Is it forbidden to serve alcohol to a patron who appears intoxicated?

Is food served to help absorb alcohol?

Are designated drivers or alternative means of transportation arranged for those who are obviously intoxicated? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: LIQUOR AND FOOD SERVICE

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Food Service:

Is the kitchen and dining area maintained in a clean condition free of slip, trip and fall hazards?

Is there a method of tracking the shelf life and proper rotation of food?

Are products that have passed the expiration date discarded immediately?

Are meat, poultry, and fish stored at 41 degrees Fahrenheit or below?

Are raw foods separated from other food items and stored on clean shelves in the refrigerator?

Are storage containers airtight, marked and covered?

Do employees who handle raw foods wash their hands and utensils immediately afterwards to prevent contaminating other foods in the kitchen?

Are hand washing sinks easily accessible and separated from food preparation areas? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is raw food preparation separated from other preparation areas to prevent cross-contamination? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are hot and cold foods prepared in separate areas? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Does each preparation area have its own sanitized equipment and cutting boards? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: LIQUOR AND FOOD SERVICE, continued

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Food Service, continued:

Are employees with contagious diseases prohibited from preparing food for others?

Is proper room temperature and ventilation maintained in the food preparation, utensil washing, garbage, and restroom areas?

Is the kitchen hood and exhaust system installed and maintained to NFPA codes? (Refer to the Fire Prevention and Protection Checklist.)

Are food contact surfaces and utensils sanitized with approved chemical sanitizers?

Is smoking prohibited in the kitchen?

Have employees been trained in proper lifting techniques?

Are employees trained in proper use of equipment such as meat slicers?

Is the water temperature for sanitizing dishes and utensils maintained at 171 degrees Fahrenheit or above?

Is there an adequate supply of hot water to ensure all dishes are sanitized?

Is there a contract for spraying for pests on a monthly basis?

Have provisions been made to prevent food and dishes from coming into contact with pesticides and other chemicals?

Are floors swept and mopped at the end of each shift?

Are rubber mats or slip resistant surfaces used to prevent slips and falls on wet floors?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: LIQUOR AND FOOD SERVICE, continued

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Food Service, continued:

Is garbage emptied daily and are containers washed and sanitized each day?

Are kitchen counters wiped down each night?

Is there a posted policy regarding proper hygiene in the restaurant?

Are hairnets or caps worn by food preparation workers? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are signs posted in the restrooms requiring all employees to wash their hands? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Due to potential allergic reactions to some foods, are employees informed of the ingredients in all menu items? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are compressed gas cylinders stored upright and secured to prevent them from falling? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

If liquor or food served is contracted out, are adequate limits and types of insurance required? Are the entity and golf course additional insureds on the policy? Have hold harmless and indemnification provisions been included in the contract?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are employees trained in proper food handling preparation and storage techniques? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are foods stored separately from cleaning supplies and chemicals? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: LIQUOR AND FOOD SERVICE, continued

Are all jobs where PPE may be needed indentified?

Has the proper PPE (hearing, hand, head, foot, eye, and respiratory protection) been selected based on the need or as recommended in Material Safety Data Sheets?

Have employees been properly instructed as to the correct method of wearing PPE and does the equipment ensure a proper fit?

Is only proper work clothing/footwear permitted?

Is PPE kept in a clean and sanitary condition and readily accessible?

Are employees trained in the limitations, maintenance, care and shelf life of PPE?

Is PPE inspected before and after each use?

Is damaged PPE removed from use and immediately replaced?

Is the PPE labeled with the appropriate ANSI standard?

Do supervisors enforce the use of prescribed PPE?

Has a respiratory protection program been established if respirators are used?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

TOPIC: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Are warning signs posted in areas where golfers and the general public are exposed to potential safety hazards?

Are pedestrian running, jogging and walking, prohibited in areas where people may be struck by an errant golf ball?

Are "STOP" signs or other traffic control signs installed at intersections where golf carts and vehicles may collide?

Do bridges where golf carts cross have barriers or curbs to keep golf carts from careening over the side of the bridge?

Is lighting in parking lots, around driving ranges, pro shops and other public areas adequate?

Are signs or posters installed that indicate that golfers are responsible for any damages caused by their errant golf shots?

Are trenches, excavations, and other holes in the ground adequately barricaded to prevent golfers and other visitors from falling in?

Are signs strategically installed near cart paths that have steep grades warning golf cart drivers to slow down?

Are signs installed near lakes and ponds warning golfers to "keep off ice" during appropriate times?

Are perimeter fences kept in good repair?

Are regular safety inspections conducted in parking lots, sidewalks, clubhouse, pro shop, restaurant, the golf course, and other areas that the public can access? Are the inspection results documented and follow-up action taken to correct unsafe conditions?

Are warning signs posted in areas where dangerous animals, such as poisonous snakes, dwell?

Are trees pruned regularly to keep golfers from being struck by falling limbs? Are dead trees, limbs and shrubs removed and discarded as needed?

Are tree branches trimmed to a heigth to prevent golfers from being "clothes-lined" when walking or riding a cart?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

TOPIC: PREMISES LIABILITY

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are walkways, cart paths, roads and parking areas in good repair?

In colder climates where golf course facilities are open year round, have arrangements been made for the prompt removal of ice and snow in areas where the public can access?

Is there a system where golfers, visitors and employees can file reports of unsafe conditions or activities? Are reports followed up on?

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: PREMISES LIABILITY, continued

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Have cash handling procedures been established? Are the amounts of cash kept on site limited?

Have video cameras been installed to deter theft of pro shop equipment and clothing?

Is there an accurate inventory of pro shop equipment and clothing? If computerized, are backup tapes/disks taken off site each night?

If an indoor club testing area is provided, is it supervised? Are nets or other barriers used to prevent other golfers and employees from being struck by errant golf balls and clubs?

Is smoking prohibited in the pro shop area?

If dressing rooms are provided, are they lockable from the inside to ensure privacy?

Are aisles kept clear of equipment and clothing in order to avoid trip and fall hazards?

CIRSA

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

TOPIC: PRO SHOP

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are safety orientations conducted for golf course employees to make them aware of job hazards, safe procedures, accident reporting procedures, etc.?

Do managers and supervisors receive periodic training on accident prevention, hazard recognition, coaching, accident investigation, etc.?

Do volunteers and seasonal employees receive the appropriate training for the hazards they may encounter?

Are employees who are required to lift heavy objects trained in proper lifting techniques in order to avoid injuries?

Are employees trained in the proper use of personal protective equipment (hardhats, safety glasses, respirators, etc.) that they are required to wear?

Are employees who operate tools, equipment and machinery trained in safe and proper use, including hands-on training?

Are regularly scheduled safety training meetings conducted with golf course employees?

Are all safety training meetings documented?

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

TOPIC: SAFETY TRAINING

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is there a written security plan for the golf course?

Are employees assigned specific responsibilities for security?

Has an inventory control system been established to maintain control over the pro shop stock, such as golf clubs and clothing?

If the inventory control system is computerized, are backup tapes taken off site each night?

Have cash handling procedures been established and employees appropriately trained? Where necessary, is an armored car service used to pick up cash? Are checks stamped "For Deposit Only" upon receipt?

Are burglar alarms installed on key doors and windows? If yes, are the alarms perioically inspected and tested by qualified personnel?

Is perimeter lighting around buildings and parking lots adequate? Are parking lots patrolled periodcally to detect suspicious activities?

Are buildings locked during off hours to deter unauthorized entry?

Is there a written policy and procedure for dealing with threats and violence at the facility? Have employees been trained to deal with threats and violence?

Are there written procedures for dealing with bomb threats?

Is there a key control plan in place where only certain individuals have access to sensitive areas, such as cash, liquor and pro shop equipment storage areas?

Are golfers who store equipment and carts at the golf course advised in writing that they do so at their own risk?

CIRSA

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

TOPIC: SECURITY

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Are incidents of theft and vandalism reported and investigated? Is corrective action taken to prevent recurrences?

Is perimeter fencing installed in key locations to deter access by golfers and the general public? Is fencing in good repair?

Are golf course equipment and machinery stored in roofed, locked structures such as a garage or storage shed?

CIRSA

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: SECURITY, continued

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TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY

Back Safety:

Have employees been trained in proper lifting techniques?

Is material handling equipment such as hoist and dollies readily available for use?

Are heavy items that are used frequently stored at waist height?

Battery Charging:

Has a specific area been designated for battery charging?

Are facilities present for flushing and neutralizing electrolyte which may contact the body?

Is personal protective equipment (PPE) including eye protection, a rubber apron, and rubber gloves present?

Is the charging apparatus protected from moving vehicles?

Is the area posted as "No Smoking" and free of open flames, sparks and electric arcs?

Are batteries stored on nonconductive racks?

Has everyone been instructed to only pour acid into water, not water into acid?

Are vent caps left off batteries when charging to prevent heat and gas build-up?

Is adequate ventilation provided to prevent the build-up of hydrogen gas?

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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Compressed Air For Cleaning:

Is air reduced to 30 p.s.i.. either at the compressor or with an approved nozzle?

Are eye protection and other PPE worn as needed?

Are air hoses, nozzles, and other system components inspected for safe condition and damaged items repaired or placed?

Is it prohibited to use compressed air to clean dust off clothing?

Are air hoses properly stored?

Compressed Gas Cylinders:

Are cylinders stored in well protected and ventilated places?

Are oxygen and fuel gas cylinders separated by a distance of at least 20 feet or by a 5 foot high noncombustible barrier having a fire resistance of 30 minutes?

If stored outside, are cylinders protected from sunlight and weather extremes, and stored from contact with the ground to prevent rust?

Are cylinders secured upright with protective caps in place?

Are cylinders moved by rolling them on the bottom or by the use of a cart?

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

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Compressed Gas Cylinders, continued:

Before making connections to cylinders, are the valve outlets "cracked" for an instant to clear the opening of dust or dirt? (Valves should never be pointed towards anybody). ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are valves kept free of oil and grease? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are cylinder valves closed and are lines bled after the work is finished to help detect leaking regulators?

Confined Space Safety:

Have permit-required confined spaces been identified and labeled? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are OSHA regulations followed for any confined space entry job? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Has a written permit system been established? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Have employees been trained in confined space entry procedures? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is monitoring equipment available for testing the atmosphere for oxygen deficiency, flammable and toxic vapors?

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

CIRSA

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Confined Space Safety, continued:

Is adequate personal protective equipment, ventilation, communication and other safety equipment provided? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Have hazardous energy sources such as electricity been isolated? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Have rescue procedures been established? Is rescue equipment available and have employees and the local fire department been trained on rescue procedures? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Extension Cords:

Is the use of extension cords avoided when possible? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is the use of extension cords limited to a maximum of 90 days for temporary use? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are extension cords in good condition, free of kinks, and provided with ground prongs? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are only single length extension cords used? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are extension cords sufficiently rated for the items connected? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are extension cords arranged so they do not cause tripping hazards? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are extension cords prohibited from running under rugs, through doorways or holes inwalls? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Grinding Wheels:

Is the grinding wheel secured to the floor or work bench to prevent movement during use?

Is a "ring test" performed on newly installed grinding wheels to help ensure the wheel is not damaged?

Are the tool rest and tongue guard adjusted and maintained to within 1/8 inch of the wheel?

Do safety guards cover the side spindle end, nut and outer flange?

Does the speed of the wheel rating match the speed of the drive equipment?

Are safety shields adjusted and clean?

Is approved eye protection required, readily available and kept clean?

Are flammable liquids not used and stored away from the grinding operation?

Are defective grinding wheels promptly replaced or the grinder tagged for "out of service?"

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

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TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

CIRSA

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Hand Tools:

Are only the correct tools used for the job with no makeshift tools allowed?

Are tools maintained in good condition with no cracked or broken handles, mushroomed or broken heads?

Are all saw blades kept sharp and safely stored when not in use?

Are pipe wrench jaws sharp and chains in good condition to prevent slipping?

Hearing Protection:

Is isolation, muffling, or sound absorbing material used around high noise sources?

Is equipment purchased that is less noisy, and are regular maintenance and lubrication conducted to reduce noise?

Are hearing protection devices (earplugs and earmuffs) comfortable, clean, and conveniently located to encourage use?

Are at least three types of hearing protection devices offered to employees at no cost?

Have employees been trained in the proper care, use, and limitations of earplugs and earmuffs?

Horseplay:

Is there a policy against horseplay and is it enforced? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

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GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

CIRSA

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Housekeeping:

Are tools and materials organized for each job to encourage efficiency and reduce hazards? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are all tools promptly returned to storage after each task?

Is trash, debris, and scrap disposed as soon as possible after each task?

Are combustible items such as oily rags disposed in approved metal containers?

Are spills promptly wiped up and waste disposed in an approved manner?

Jack Safety:

Are jack load capacities checked before loads are lifted?

Are jacks checked for hydraulic leaks? If found, are the jacks removed from service and tagged?

When using, are jacks placed on clean level surfaces with metal to metal contact between the jack and the load?

Is the use of "extenders" made of wood or metal prohibited?

Are hydraulic jacks blocked in the upright position when the load is lifted?

Is the base of screw jacks secured to prevent these jacks from twisting when loaded, which causes the floating head to bind?

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

Ladder Safety:

Are the correct ladders used for jobs?

Are ladders inspected for loose, split or missing rungs, properly operating safety feet, signs of rot, excessive warping, or other defects?

Are damaged ladders removed from service, tagged and destroyed?

Are ladders secured in place before use?

When climbing ladders, are employees instructed not to carry items in their hands and to face the ladder?

Do employees work from the middle of ladders and avoid overreaching?

Are ladders securely stored and protected from weather?

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

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Liquid Propane Gas (LP):

Are only propane containers that display the DOT or APT-ASME labeling used?

Are portable containers protected from physical damage?

When transported by vehicle, are plugs used in the valve?

Are containers that show signs of denting, bulging, gouging, or excessive corrosion removed from service?

Are propane powered truck (forklifts) with permanently mounted containers refueled outdoors?

Are propane forklifts not left unattended or near sources of ignition?

During propane transfer operations, are ignition sources such as internal combustion engines, smoking, open flames, welding, etc., not permitted within 15 feet during filling?

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CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

Lock Out/Tag Out:

Does a formal lockout/tagout program consistent with OSHA standards exist?

Does the program require the equipment be shut down?

Are all valves, switches, or other energy isolating devices disconnected or isolated from the equipment and locked and tagged?

Is stored energy dissipated by using the appropriate method such as grounding, repositioning, blocking or bleeding down lines?

When all personnel are clear, is the equipment tested for operation, then the controls returned to the off or neutral position?

If the equipment operates, are the energy sources revaluated then isolated and the equipment retested?

Is the equipment tested after repairs while no one is subject to exposure before restoring energy to the equipment?

Machine Guards:

Do machines that are designed for guards have the guards in place?

Are guards maintained in good condition and not altered?

Is personal protective equipment also worn even though the guards are in place? Guards may not totally protect the eye or face from flying particles.

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

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TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

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Parts Cleaning:

Are approved parts cleaning tanks used?

Is the tank, fusible link, and attached light, (if equipped,) routinely inspected?

Is the area posted as "No Smoking" and is the policy enforced?

Are non-sparking brushes used for cleaning?

Are eye protection and rubber gloves present to reduce the chance of an eye injury or dermatitis?

Are large parts that might interfere with the lid closing removed?

Is the solvent changed on a regular basis?

Is the solvent of low toxicity and flammability?

CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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Portable Power Tools:

Are tools disconnected from the power source before accessories are changed and are guards replaced and adjusted before the tools are put back in use?

Are tools not left overhead where they may fall if the cord or hose is pulled?

Are electric tools periodically inspected and is there a method to identify when and which tools have been inspected?

Is proper PPE required and use enforced when using the tools?

Are only trained and qualified individuals permitted to operate explosive-actuated fastening tools?

Are recoiling or self-storing air hoses that are suspended above the work area used to help prevent tripping or stumbling hazards?

Slip, Trips, and Falls:

Do employees wear slip resistant footwear?

Are spills promptly cleaned?

Are hazards such as extension cords or air lines promptly stored after each job? (Overhead and self coiling lines and cords are recommended.)

Are employees encouraged to cleanup and report unsafe conditions?

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

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CIRSA

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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Spray Painting:

If respirators are required according to the MSDS, are they suitable for the type of paint?

Is equipment that produces sparks or flames separated from the spraying area by at least 20 feet? If within 20 feet, is the electrical equipment rated for Class I, Division I locations?

Is the quantity of flammable and combustibles kept in the spraying area limited to one day's supply?

Is the spraying area cleaned daily to reduce combustible materials?

Are spray booths protected with automatic sprinkler systems or automatic fire suppression systems that are maintained under service?

Is a "No Smoking" sign posted at the entrance and is the policy enforced?

Table Saws:

Do employees use a push stick when the rip width is 2 to 6 inches?

Are saw blades inspected for roundness, proper plane, improper hook or pitch, cracks, sharpness and gumming?

Is the proper blade used for the ripping and crosscutting?

Are blade guards kept in place?

Is the start switch protected against accidental contact?

Are only trained and authorized individuals permitted to operate the saw?

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

Welding:

Are welding curtains used to shield other employees?

Is the proper PPE (welding hoods, goggles, gloves, and aprons) and long sleeve shirts provided and worn?

Is ventilation adequate with the fumes drawn away from the operator?

Do the electrode and ground cables have secure connections and are they well insulated?

Are stored compressed cylinders kept away from sparks and heat?

Are stored cylinders capped and secured to sturdy objects?

Are the oxygen and fuel gas cylinders separated by at least 20 feet or by a noncombustile barrier at least 5 feet high having a one-half hour fire resistance?

Is the welding activity conducted away where flammable gasses and vapors and combustible materials exist?

TOPIC: SHOP SAFETY, continued

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

Tree Management:

Is a qualified forester or arborist consulted on the selection, planting and evaluation of trees? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Has a tree inspection program been established to identify and remove hazardous trees? Is a hazard ranking system used? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are downed trees and branches removed from the course as soon as they are identified? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are adequate precautions taken to secure tree trimming areas from golfers and carts?

Personal Protective Equipment and First Aid:

Is personal protective equipment required including head protection, eye and face protection, and safety footwear? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is all fall protection equipment inspected before each use and maintained in good condition?

Is an adequately stocked first aid kit maintained on site where tree trimming operations are being conducted?

Have employees been trained in first aid?

Are employees instructed in identification of, and preventive measures relating to, common poisonous plants and animals?

Do employees follow the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for controlling traffic when work is conducted near streets?

Are rescue procedures for employees working above ground established and employees properly trained in these procedures?

TOPIC: TREE HAZARD MANAGEMENT

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

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Fire Protection:

Is gasoline powered equipment refueled only after it has been stopped and turned off?

Are approved safety cans used for storing, handling, and dispensing flammable liquids?

Electrical Hazards:

Have employees been instructed that all overhead and underground electrical conductors and communication wires and cables should be considered energized, potentially fatal, and should never be touched directly or indirectly?

Are electrical system operators/owners advised before any work is performed in proximity to energized conductors?

Are all work sites evaluated for potential electrical hazards before climbing, entering or performing any work in a tree?

Are only qualified line-clearance tree trimmers or their trainees (under direct supervision of qualified personnel) assigned to work if an electrical hazard exist?

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: TREE HAZARD MANAGEMENT, continued

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Are all other workers (nonline clearance tree trimmers) instructed to maintain a minimum clearance of 10 feet from energized conductors rated of 50 kV phase-to-phase? (If over 50 kV phase-to-phase the minimum clearance should be 10 feet + 4/10 inch for each kilovolt over 50 kV.)

Is appropriate insulated equipment used to remove branches hanging on conductors?

Are ladders, platforms, and aerial devices prohibited from contacting electrical conductors?

Have employees been instructed that if contact of the ladder or lifting device is made with an electrical conductor, it should be considered energized, and that contact should be avoided unless it is for emergency rescue by trained persons familiar with electrical hazards?

Mobile Equipment:

Have employees been properly instructed in the safe operation and inspection of trucks, aerial lifts, brush chippers, stump cutters, portable electric tool, and gasoline driven power tools that may be used?

Is all equipment required to be turned off and at rest when repairs or adjustments are made, except when manufacturer's procedures require otherwise?

Is all defective equipment tagged and removed from service?

When backing-up trucks with obscured rear vision, are helpers used? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Is all hoisting and manlifting equipment used within the manufacturer's rated capacity? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are outriggers pads used when the ground is soft? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are manufacturer's instructions followed in detecting hydraulic leaks? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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CIRSA

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: TREE HAZARD MANAGEMENT, continued

Mobile Equipment, continued:

Are all step surfaces clean and skid resistant? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are manufacturer's recommended maintenance and parts-replacement procedures followed? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are ignition keys removed when the equipment is left unattended? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Tools and Equipment:

Are defective or damaged tools tagged and removed from service? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

When climbing a tree, is the carrying of tools by hand prohibited? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are tools properly stored when not being used? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are workers prohibited from dropping tools from trees unless a warning has been given and the drop zone is clear? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

Are employees trained on how to safely operate chainsaws and other hazardous equipment? ___Yes ___No ___ N/A

GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

TOPIC: TREE HAZARD MANAGEMENT, continued

Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

CIRSA

Are motor vehicle records (MVR's) checked for all employees and volunteers who operate golf course vehicles?

Are employees and volunteers who have invalid driver's license excluded from operating golf course vehicles?

Do employees who operate golf course vehicles receive defensive driving training?

Do employees who operate specialized vehicles (such as heavy equipment) receive training on such vehicles?

Is there a formal vehicle inspection and maintenace program? Are records kept?

Do employees who operate vehicles requiring a Commercial Drivers License (CDL) meet applicable DOT requirements?

Are employees required to wear seatbelts on those vehicles equipped with belts?

Have accident reporting and investigation procedures been established and reviewed with applicable employees?

Are employees cautioned not to use cellphones or two way radios when operating golf course vehicles?

CIRSA

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GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

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TOPIC: VEHICLE SAFETY

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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Is there documentation that states volunteers have been authorized to serve as public entity volunteers?

Is there a written description of the responsibility and authority of each volunteer?

Has a responsible golf course employee been designated to supervise the volunteer?

Has the age of the volunteer been checked to make sure that he/she is not too young to be assigned certain hazardous activities under state/federal law?

Is the volunteer an employee of the public entity? If so, has the public entity investigated minimum wage/overtime compensation issues that could arise under the Fair Labor Standards Act?

Has the public entity procured volunteer accident medical coverage for its volunteers?

Has the golf course required the volunteer to sign a release and indemnification agreement?

If the volunteer is a minor, have the parents/legal guardian also signed a release and indemnification agreement?

Is there any kind of reward being furnished to the volunteer that might be viewed as compensation (other than normal payments, expense reimbursements and the like)? If so, has the public entity investigated whether the person might be properly viewed as an "employee" covered by workers' compensation?

Will the volunteer be driving? If so, has the volunteer's drivers license, MVR and proof of insurance been checked?

Have the volunteers received the appropriate type of safety training for the hazards they may encounter?

Has the volunteer been issued the appropriate type of personal protective equipment and trained in its use?

CIRSA

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GOLF COURSE CHECKLIST

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TOPIC: VOLUNTEERS

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Published By CIRSA - 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive - Denver, Colorado 80209 800-228-7136

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Web Sites The following web sites contain safety, loss control and environmental protection information applicable to golf courses.

1. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America – www.gcsaa.org

2. Rocky Mountain Golf Course Superintendents Association – www.rmgcsa.org

3. United States Golf Association – www.usga.org

4. Urban Land Institute – www.uli.org

5. National Lightning Safety Institute – www.lightningsafety.com

6. CIRSA – www.cirsa.org

7. Environmental Protection Agency – www.epa.gov

8. Occupational Safety and Health Administration – www.osha.gov

9. American Society of Golf Course Architects – www.golfdesign.org

10. Professional Golf Association – www.pga.com

11. The American Society of Golf Course Architects – www.golfdesign.org

12. Golf Course Builders Association of America – www.gcbaa.org

13. National Golf Foundation – www.ngf.org

14. National Golf Course Owners Association – www.ngcoa.org