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TRANSCRIPT
Nanotechnology in Drug delivery
By
Femi Emmanuel Ojo
Dept. of Biochemistry
What is Nanotechnology? It is the science, technology and engineering conducted on a nanoscale
What is Drug delivery ? It refers to approaches, formulations, technologies and systems of transporting pharmaceutical compounds to sites where the elucidate their therapeutic effect
Targeted Drug Delivery(Nano-drug Delivery)
• Smart drug delivery• Targeted drug delivery seeks to concentrate the
medication in the tissues of interest while reducing the relative concentration of the medication in the remaining tissues.
• It is believed to improve efficacy while reducing side-effects.
Untargeted and targeted Nano-drug delivery
Method of Targeted Drug Delivery
• Passive Targeting• Active Targeting
Drug Delivery Vehicles(Nanoparticles)
• Liposomes
• Dendrimers
• Polymeric micelles
Liposomes • A liposome is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid
bilayer.• Liposomes are made from sonicating a dispersion of
amphipatic lipids in water.• Liposomes are most often composed of phospholipids,
especially phosphatidylcholine.• Liposomes have an aqueous core surrounded by the lipid
bilayer.• Liposomes are non-immunogenic,non-toxic,non-hemolytic
and biodegradable.
Dendrimers
• They are highly branched molecules; this makes it easy to bind different chemical groups.
• Each generation double the number of binding sites.
• Small molecules (1-14nm)• Hydrophilic exterior hydrophobic interior• Slightly cationic exterior.
Micelles
Micelles vehicles possess • hydrophobic core and
hydrophilic tail.• The core can be use to
transport lipid soluble and water insoluble drugs.
Application of nanotechnology in treatment of cancer
• Liposomal doxorubicin (doxil,myocet) is an anti cancer drug.
• To reduce cardiotoxicity• Increase efficacy
• The PEG liposomal coating allows DOXIL to evade detection and destruction by the immune system and, as a result, increase the blood circulation time* Half-life of approximately 55 hours.
• DOXIL has a small steady state and, therefore, is confined mostly to the vascular fluid and Remains stable in blood.
Mechanism of action
•Alkylation-formation of ‘doxorubicin-DNA ’ adducts•Inhibiting topoisomerase
ConclusionNanotechnology in drug delivery is efficient because;
• they are basically small (<100nm)• they are made up of biodegradable molecule
like lipid, polymers e.t.cAlthough there exists an economic problem of the costing for production. Nevertheless the future remains exciting and wide open