Going home…

Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena

Poster at the Annual Meeting of the International Society of Chemical Ecology 10th Anniversary of the MPICE, 1997-2007

„Coevolution of plants and insects“

„ The raison d‘etre of plant secondary substances“ - Fraenkel (1959), Science

Get feedback Learn glucosinolate analysis Sow some Pachycladon seeds

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+ESP

Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly) makes NSP

Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) desulfates glucosinolates rendering them invisible to myrosinase

Specialist insects disarm the mustard oil bomb:

+NSP (P. rapae)

Some broccoli for lunch? – Research at the Jena MPICE

Glucosinolate diversity –

The mustard oil bomb of brassicaceous plants

+ desulfatase(P. xylostella)

Sampling – 3 Populations per Species

F1 1700m

F3 1400m

F2 1200m

E1 1640m

E3 1780m

E2 1900m

P. fastigiata P. enysii

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F

0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F

0.00

0.20

0.40

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F

0.000

0.005

0.010

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F0.00

0.08

0.16

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F

0.00

0.03

0.06

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F

0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F

3MSOP 4MSOB Allyl 5MSOP

3Butenyl 6MSOH 3MTP 7MSOH

5Pentenyl 4MTB 8MSOO 4MOI3M

P. enysii P. fastigiata

Glucosinolates - Within & Between Species Variation

How many chemotypes? Distribution across species & sites?

1

2

3

4

5

P. enysii

P. fastigiata

P. enysii

P. enysii

P. fastigiata

E1, 11

E2, 1

F1, 14

F3, 8

E3, 13

E1, 5

E3, 2

E2, 14

F2, 16

F3, 6

Profile # Found in...Distribution

(Site, # Individuals)

Glucosinolates – Clustering Identifies 5 Chemotypes

3 chemotypes in P. enysii, 2 in P. fastigiata, no overlap!

Each site dominated by one chemotype, except F3

Local adaptation or drift?

Cvi

Col

WS

Ler

Cvi

WS

Col

Ler

4 Arabidopsis ecoypes to play with: Ler, Col, Ws, Cvi

C3 gls C4 gls

MS glsAL gls

Alkenyl glucosinolateHydroxyalkenyl glucosinolate

MAM1

AOP2

HAL gls AOP3

MT gls

Predicting genotypes from phenotypes?

Cvi

Col

WS

Ler

MAM1+AOP2+

MAM1-AOP-

MAM1+AOP-

MAM1-AOP3+

Predicting genotypes from phenotypes?

1

2

3

4

5

3M

SO

P

4M

SO

B

7M

SO

H

5M

SO

P

5 P

ent

eny

l

4M

OI3

M

6M

SO

H

3M

TP

4M

TB

8M

SO

O

3 B

ute

nyl Ally

l

Chemotype # 12 Glucosinolates

Distribution (Site, # Individ.)

1

2

3

4

5

3M

SO

P

4M

SO

B

7M

SO

H

5M

SO

P

5 P

ent

eny

l

4M

OI3

M

6M

SO

H

3M

TP

4M

TB

8M

SO

O

3 B

ute

nyl Ally

l

3M

SO

P

4M

SO

B

7M

SO

H

5M

SO

P

5 P

ent

eny

l

4M

OI3

M

6M

SO

H

3M

TP

4M

TB

8M

SO

O

3 B

ute

nyl Ally

l

Chemotype # 12 Glucosinolates

Distribution (Site, # Individ.)

MAM1-AOP- Ws

MAM1+AOP2+

MAM1+AOP2+

MAM1-AOP2+ n/a

Cvi

Cvi

F1/3

E2F2/3

E3

E1

Pachy

clado

n

chem

otyp

es

Arabid

opsis

ecot

ypes

Segre

gatin

g

loci

GLS loci likely to segregate in P. enysii and P. fastigiata

Do TT7, FAH1, ESP, ESM1 segregate in P. enysii vs P. fastigiata?

P. enysii makes nitriles P. fastigiata makes isothiocyanates

Process Gene Regulation Predicted Biochemical ProfilesResponse to UVB TT7, FAH1

up in P. enysiiQuercetin & sinapates up in P. enysii

Glucosinolate hydrolysis

ESP up in P. enysiiESM1 up in P. fastigiata

Glucosinolate biosynthesis

AOP2, MAM1 up in P. enysii

C4 & Alkenyl glucosinolatesup in P. enysii

1.

2.

3.

Response to Herbivory

Flavonoid analysis at Lincoln University (field samples)

Analysis of glucosinolate hydrolysis products at MPICE(greenhouse samples)

Comparative transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics across Pachycladon radiation

(super-network by S. Joly, unpublished data)

Transcriptomics:Microarrays (HortResearch) vs. Solexa (AWC)

Proteomics:Paul Haynes (Maquarie University)

Metabolomics:GLS and GLS hydrolysis products (Jena)Flavonoids (Lincoln)

Ideas for year 2

Candidate gene studies (expression and allele frequencies studies)

Ecological significance of GLS production? (id herbivores, feeding trials)

Premliminary GLS survey across Pachycladon radiation

(super-network by S. Joly, unpublished data)

P. wallii

P. exilis

P. fastigiata

P. novae-zealandiaP. cheesemanii

P. enysii

GLS patterns don’t follow phylogeny

Workshop on multivariate analysis of –omics data

Principal Components Analysis (Ordination)

Multidimensional Scaling (Ordination)

Hierachical Clustering (Classification)

Linear Discriminant Analysis (Classification)

Volatile bouquets of Medicago leaves challenged with different elicitors

Glucosinolate profiles across Pachycladon populations

Examples

(implemented in R)

Going home…