.uwd 11

Gmnouazn73ru"aa t

(Power and Politics)

- V D ~ 5 i ~ ~ ~ n u ~ 6 ~ u ( i l ~ i d i u i o (Power) aidas q u l ~ n w s u ~ n i i i d i u i ~ ~ u L: niru-rn uirn~iuf6iiidiui~lunirau~riiusJ"~rreinaiuf~n11~r ruiluurutuu

diuior0u~r~n'in.riurui~o~6douu"iruin ~ i n a t ~ ~ a ~ u i u n - r i u n u i u a d i r t iYa msrIdmirui ~ m r o u ~ a t u ~ u a u ~ ~ ~ - r i?iiunra~uiti[6iiunii nrunrwntii

dcr o nunuaiuio i i u ' n a ~ a r a a n u i i i ~ d ! v i s a d ~ ~ ~ ~ n i s d d i u i ~ 1 nuC(.'ornisatddiuio i iu 'n~m~ri~aou~iddr~mr~ul$nudui i iau~ik 91

L L & ~ ~ ~ H I ~ I M I ~

n u ~ l ~ ' b i u i o u i r r ~ i n'rindnilm~irilun3iu6$u

adirlsiimiu nisui~irriuuariionia'bmn^onia~~r b i r ~ u a d i r ~ r A a r ~ ' o r

~uufr~atrIin~iuru"ila l:aJ nis l l id rd iu io (Power Gaining)

nirlQiuio (Power Using) b: nraordstrGuknrii-r !n~iu~'uwitharr~u-ru"arn'~w~~naauarn'nisadir

~ ~ n d a r l d I 6 ' rwntiidiuiorlluns~u-runi~ni~~~~u~i~~1iimu'~1or2~~nn~urrat

y narn'nis ' dad c t i i i diuia (Power) ~ d a i ~ ~ $ ( i i b i ~ m n ~ i u ~ 6 ~ i r ~ u 6 r n m ~ i u ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ - r i i ~ 1

aduil61durR'u-rcu~1iQn~b~n q (Medicines) d ~ ~ i ~ i s n ~ a t ~ i ~ i u ~ ~ ~ u u ' w . f l 6 ~ i n L: Y 2 la'6uuuina5aiimii nrurwsitii$rqnruecbnra~lu.irle.rn'u kuunisla'ui

, inri~sn~in6asnir~$riimnrudsrbu.aM' q a i u i s n J a o ~ n w i ~ a n i i u l 6 ~1r6ard

n i . i ~ n ~ i ~ i ~ ~ t ~ 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ n d I i i l di~ioii~du~au-rn'u $$diuio

o t ~ r ~ n u i r ~ a ~ ~ o n u a ~ d u m u ~ t ~ n d u ' b $ i i i n a s ~ ~ u ~ r ~ a t r ~ a i u ~ t m i u n i ~ 91

d u ~ w t r o t ~ i i m d d ~ ~ M ' g r ~ m a a t u l u i e ~ u e i a n i s ~ i ~ i s ~ i u

~ I % U I U T J D J ~ I ~ I ~ I H I Q (A Definition of Power)

d A111 d i u i~ (Power) vu iu i i~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ i u m u i m n n. rriiEn5wadowqGnssu

uod a. &crab! a. n s z f i i r i s a a ~ n ~ w ~ ~ n s s u u i ~ a d i ~ a a n u i ~ m u d d n ~ ~ ~ n " ~ u. 7a.J nrzfii

w w a r i n ~ i ~ u i u ~ a ~ i ~ i n ' a m ~ i u ~ ~ n ~ i ~ wauunod6drznouaa~diui~1~nndu

cnuniw (Potential)

n?i u in% (Dependency) I

d w e . n is~a fnsodf ia isnr i~~ann~u~r (Discretion)

wr i~d iu iad i ia~ 1% ~ s i f i u n i i *en iw (Potential or

Capacity) uidnua ie~~mn?iu~ iu isn~uni fn~z f i iu i~~duiad id udth~rllni~nnc

oanui ~ d ~ w n ~ ~ i ~ a ~ ~ u d ? d a o ~ n i s ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ z ~ ~ a i ~ ~ ~ u i z u ~~~n 'u~nun iw fu 'b ' * u Iwihriou v i n l ~ n ~ i d ~ ~ u i r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n w f b u d e z r t ~ n ~ i u n i u i s n ~ u u i l ~ r i ~ i i n

dszIu3fl6

~ ? l ~ g n r ? M (Dependency)

uvinuiu a. i i n a i ~ d i ~ i l ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ d ~ ~ i a i ~ u ~ " s a ~ u o ~ n ' u n. uin~r i i la diuir t: u w

a o ~ n. n ' i ~ a r i i u i n h ~ r i i u nirkJw?pi*unvdiuiaodfifiMirlunifLduBuM"ro

[ I R R J ~ M I J L ~ L I ? T ~ ~ ~ m ~ i u ~ ~ u # ~ ~ ~ ~ n ? i a ~ ~ n ~ i ( ~ t ~ u o ~ ~ u f i ? i u ~ i r ~ u ~ ~ n i s PI

A ~ w i o ~ ~ u ~ 5 a n i s l ~ n ~ i u h n i y d o n ~ . r A ~ w i a i ~ u ~ u ~ l i n i nu id~d l l i f l ~ i u f i i

d1~f l%%~~uu~l id 'Ao~uuni inn ic iu~nu6adoi~u iJurciu~yuainOniuisni w d unanuiiin?iuwn& PI (Dependency) o(n'u~niuif m i ~61~flwciodijCGaiulii

8 - 4 uuzrti dikdaau ~ElwbAnG au i cvh~ f i us inwh~ud ln f i ~uu ' l i u i~ns~wn~nw

~dou~nr f i \dwfu ui8a~nszriisliu ~d6~wsiz- i1r inf lnwi in?iu~nhaaz1ri

n~iothA'qjdanis6nw usitdameunistnui ihiurli f l ~ ~ u ~ ~ o u u [ ? diuieaad

n i s i n. iiZn^awacio u. ~ i u i r n r l i lK u. n r z r i i ~ ~ o u ~ n ~ w q t n a s u u i ~ o ~ i i ~

~ ~ ~ m n l r n ~ ~ ~ ~ ? u. ~ d n s t r l i ~ v ~u iu f ia iu i7 IunimrzriirisonisunmcB~ a:

wqRnssuuo4 u. uu u. atR'o~u"ta.rz~unirImf m s o ~ f i o i s m i i i ~ u i n a s ~ ~ ~ m ~

wqinssu$u~5old lnu ld 1. i i ~ ~ n i ~ ~ o z ~ ~ ~ n ~ i n a s n s z i ~ ~ n a s ~ ~ ~ u n i s t : e Y r*cY nrzv5i n;rul~uuorin"Ymn~~Gii,~~~o~b~~i PI q

I d W H S ~ H U R Z L L H ~ J ~ U ~ ~ B J ~ a es and Sources of Power)

1

diwouioinI~u?

o d ~ ~ i l ~ u n n ~ v i r o n ~ u i d i t 6 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ 0 w ~ u I & ? q PI

d French and Raven ~&uiu~unozcli~imaus%i~~u 6lnlu bM6 j lw "~~~n i~

P Y Y * A' I r 1 ~ ~ ~ u w ~ u r ~ n t a ~ 6 j d d u i 1 1 o ~ d i ~ ? ~ & a u n i s d l u 5 dsz~nnRo

1 ) i ~ i o ~~Yidnis~dBiudaqi (Coercive Power)

2) d l ~ 1 0 L~J~IIT~M"~IJ?B (Reward Power)

3) d i u i o ~ d d n a i u ~ d u a ~ r i ~ (Expert Power) u w

4) d i u i o d ~ n ~ l r u i u szduu u'oudnu (Legitimate Power)

5) d i u i o U$J& & J ~ J (Referent Power)

~i(ua<u ~or6uJiuunzund~duiuo~diwio French and Raven IdM" naiu~uiuI3vji

w w

d iw ioud~n i ru~nudu~ (Coercive Power) fi6uUSuuodbiuio~ioin

t 'n i~ntk (Fearfulness)

diuioin3~nirlJindiRn (Reward Power) !&~~ iuu odd~uiouio~n~meii '

diuirrd~n3iurda?ai (Expert Power) d w ' u ~ i u ' ~ ~ ~ d i u i a u i ~ ~ n n ~ i u . .d . iu i rydiauiawiz&u~inzn~iufod~~~n~diaw~z~~~~

u u

diuqauridnpcluie rzrfiuu Gaudnu (Legitimate Power) ~ w ' u ~ i u u a ~

d l ~ l 0 ~ l 8 l n n l 7 ~ 6 r " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ M ' ~ d l ~ l ~ 1 ~ d l d bg~Ylldnl2 & .k ig~~ f l r r~ i u dd uw ~11nn1rdfi~diw~ucluinn~aruuou~uiu

diuieuvi~ A J ~ J E J (Referent Power) d ~ l u l l ~ d d 1 ~ 1 0 ~ 1 0 1 n ~ ? 1 ~ d d , ~ i n m n~iur foula n3iuduau n~iuQuuauaounuao~nn~ ~;JYQJM~Q

#I ou 7 c l i o n ~ i u ~ a r n i r I $ i d e i i ~ . l ic l~ idr~usi . lu~u~uni . runn~ni~

d Y ~ ~ n ~ d ~ ~ g i u ~ ~ d d l ~ i o (Bases of Power) u ~ z a n i ~ d u i s a ~ d i u i a

(Sources of Power) ~ ~ T i ~ ~ M ' i ~ m n ~ i ~ ~ u u u ~ ~ n : n ~ i u r u " i ~ ~ ] ~ a o ~ u i n d o ~ d d ~ : ~ Q

rruna5uiufi~zd~u

rY WH~IHWOJ~IHIQ (Bases of Power)

w w

1) d i u i a ~ d d n i r u ~ n u d ~ ~ (Coercive Power)

2) 6iuiaavi~mslM"rn~jA (Reward Power)

3) diwo uvignirk.~ri i3~d~a (Persuasive Power) I

4) d iu iaar i~naiu~ (Knowledge Power)

U

0 ~ I H I O U ~ J ~ I S U J R U ~ ~ J ~ (Coercive Power)

a - d' l i ~uu ia i nn? iun~ i (Fearfulness) ~ n ~ ~ a : a o u d ~ u ~ ~ ~ i u d i ~ i ~ w ~ w ~ ~ z i ~ ~

n-nut"Rnnh 91 idu nainnrli%u+imiu U snnruiu gnfl1l$Gniicl?onRidon31~ w a m sliu n ? i u n n ? u d u R i ~ ~ ~ ~ a n ~ ? ~ r i r i d n i s ~ u Y " d 6 ~ 1 i ~ i u i n m ~ u n ~ ~ u ~ n ~ $ u n n n q

uoud f i~n iu fiudIa~uiuiuiri1nir11~unuitl~r %I dliC~iJni~iu~:IJwCn~7ut%ii~w uil$ w C n ~ i u ~ u i n i r d i u o u d f i u 3 s l i u ~ w r n z n 3 ~ u ~ n n c i n i u n i r

u u ~iI~finiison~iionaiu~iuds:fi~#~~u~u flurlil$$iToiidiu~rd~n~sudnu U

d d d i u i ~wsir@?~lut~nnaiu~nnoi?i~lir~~::~~~a~~~~n~ui~n~~a=:~rlau~u ~?o i ry~ ' ru

+Sol

~ u ~ a ~ w ~ ~ n s s u o ~ n ' n i s ~ m ~ o d ~ u u i ~ a i s o r i i i d d i u i a ' ~ ~ i i , ~ u ' ~ f i i ~ 61 u . kg u u . I n ~ i u ~ i ~ u a r ~ ~ u n n c d i u ~ d n i ~ ~ ~ i u ~ i ~ b & a q n. ocddiuia~unisuanu?lud U u. o ~ i i d

uin Min n. mulsnf(arldoonlkd~n~au$anna anljutdau ~ ~ ~ L L M I ( ~ J I U M ? Q &

h u 2.16

6 l ~ l Q ~ ~ d ? l l 5 ' 1 h d ~ (Reward Power) ,

&dols~uiu<unisuj~udu~n'~onisl$si~ia y nna~rBuuoudiju3niu d a . d h h naiuds~a~n'Ya~nuoun~o~uonini~?' iar l6ws~ouuduniruancianisd~u~

n i u h ~~onini isr~6~uwad~~u'11M'~ua: :no~$~f innaia j$o~a~unisnouaua~ u d d ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i ~ f l ~ M ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ 6 ~ d n l ~ ~ d ~ ~ kEu lnsiioliudiidiuirlunisl$si~aan

udcr d u.r muisorlil$~finnaiu$~wo~a\6 t~in'arnaimflu~nudiuia~cl~onuaunun dl41 ,

n4Q (Rewards) ~udu'~ ~ 6 l h n ? l u ~ 4 L ~ ~ l t d ~ f l ~ 3 ' o l ~ k Y O d dds?~\d$4

dig* (Wages)

~2urdau (Salaries)

a ~ I ~ ~ Q Y L L ~ U W I U $ Q W ~ B J (~ommissions) . .

aiaGnif (Fringe Benefits) -.I.

du 7~uluriiua~d

Q 8 i ~ i o u t ~ n i ~ i (Persuasive Power)

d i u i o . a % n ~ a : : ~ f i n u ' u d o ~ ~ o ~ ~ n ~ d ~ a ~ f i n n a i u ~ n ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ o n & u ~ i u ua d u

L q w a mianisoi n a i u ~ f l u a 5 ~ d ~ ? i n ~ u ~ i ~ o i ~ u & n a i u ~ a n n ~ ~ ~ l a r t i u u a

6 7 ~ 1 0 U~JR?IU~ (Knowledge Power)

w u d l ~ l ~ ? t ~ ~ u ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ F ) ~ Y ' ~ M ~ ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ' J ~ ~ ~ ~ F ) ~ L ~ ~ $ Q ~ wdiawislu

k n u yn IT (Information Technology Society) n i d u n t$~%ni u~uod6ni.r na iu i %I

I d U H R J ~ U ~ Y Q J ~ ~ H ~ Q (Sources of Power)

1 ) d i u . l r d u i a ~ n h u ~ r i ~ (Position Power) . d

2) di~anuiwnR'nuruzdau~~nfi (Personal Power)

31 dluiaduioinnaiurdua'~~~~ (Expert Power)

4) ~iuioduioinsj~azIonlcr (Opportunity Power)

a a Sources Bases

Position Coercion

Personal Characteristics Reward

Expertise C=) Persuasion

Opportunity to control Knowledge

information

7 ' . L I

@f 11 .l U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N , U ~ : ~ U ~ I U % O ~ B ~ U ~ ~ (Sources and Bases of Power) 1

und 11 d 7 ~ 7 ~ i l ~ t n 7 ~ i j 7 0 3

d diuionuioin4,1sr'~1~~ (Position Power) ,/ Q, d n i u ~ u n ~ u ~ ~ a o ~ n ' n i s d ~ ~ ~ n i ~ n i s u n u ' f i n s d ~ ~ i ~ d f i i ~ ~ m d i ~ ~ ~ ~ d M C I ~

a: aaznaiuiuiimaou~ o~qnninsl?" ~ M ~ I L L M J J ~ I ~ quu uon~inrfinum~~~C(~nr

n a i u ~ u ~ m a o u ~ ~ h ~ ~ r f i ~ u m d i u i o ~ u m s ~ m ~ u ~ o ~ ~ o ~ . a " ~ a u ~ ~ n i s ~IIQ~,IIMLQIIT

sT?u k~u$toionhalGdi i i l i~~~d~~0udui~o~huio

diuioduloln~nwmzda~~m~a (Personal power)

o diuiodu~oinmaiurdua~i~ (Expert Power)

<nnoufia~mo$ (Computer Specialists)

<ncq$nl8~ln3 (Tax Accountants) I

rini~anz6iuw kuadoifi~i (solar Engineer)

<ntm?nuieslm~nrru (Industrial Psychologists) - uidoaaiq~iuiu~dii~gu U

d i u i ~ u o d q n n n k n i i a ~ ~ d i u " ~ ~ ~ ~ n u i o i n n a i u ~ ~ s a a i q ~ a w i z & u

,z" '5

. 3 - 3

cr ci

9

3 =j

s

3~

3

C

C

3

g+ a-

m-

'

5 5 j

5 g

st a

un# 1 1 d~umil~zn7xd0~

luo~n'mrdit nlulafl~ut~uadotCuodnsni q inioddo

in"JdH ~ ~ o r d o d ~ n s q n ~ u i ~ a n s o t ~ ~ u n ~ i u ~ ~ ~ ~ j b i u i o ~ ~ a r ~ q

t: A' naiuhn'ryn~uin 91 nturwmt~unida' n i r l l i ~ ~ i n v i nnonownisGwuinisni~

rnnlJn8 ~ ~ & d ~ n a ~ u ~ n ~ u n t o i ~ u ~ ~ ~ a n s ~ ~ u w ' ~ i ~ f t u n i s ~ d ~ z u s s q g o l ~ ~ ~ u i ~ ~ 91

l$ludiwodr6u?h n i f l ~ u a d n ' n i ~ i ~ l u i ~ ~ ~ 6 i ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ u ' i ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ q Procter & Gamble

d i ~ $ i ~ n i ~ ~ ~ i o l ~ ~ d i rflu The name of the game n( uddldiunidnisnni~fi~$iu

nimouiuiidw&diuio~~n:dn~iu1in'r~eioo~6nis~~uin rwnzr i l i~uiuni~nis

olniolorunq~qdsz~dn~$d~u6~d~nw'u~~~roi~nniu~n?iuniu~snuodu'nnis

~noltdurhiYy

w a n s d ~ ~ i i q ~ R I U ~ I C ~ ~ V Q J ~ J ~ ~ I ~ q l iou6uo~~uno iun isn iunr

kniwrraniou nis~~n?iukn'r~eio&did q ~ u ~ ~ d n t o ~ ~ i s f i d o u ~ ~ o l n ~ i ~ n ' u o o n ~ d

CI nimi/Jnmunwl&in (Nonsubstltutablllty)

' dd 61~~1r~~ lu i r~nunmdin~~"ao~ id i q U ' ; ~ ~ i d ~ n n u n u I ~ i n d n ~ l o l diuiorcar u u naiutnwunpt';~liu7n6urviiW"u uin n. r ~ u r r ~ n ~ i u u o ~ o ~ n ' n i s ~ r r i ~ ~ d ~ n l r d a

i i C i o o n ~ i n ~ i ~ d ~ ~ o d l u i l o ~ ~ u f i o r d a ~ c i n i s Q u ~ l ~ ~ ~ i ~ 8 ~ n ~ ~ i I d d i ~ i u l n i a n U

t: X uinuiu n ~ i u % n n C a d ~ : l 6 o n o i n ~ i u u o ~ u i u 91 n.fidrlau n~iuc?nGufiiihu n ~ u I d dd rwntuin n. l ini~r~ondu~I~ri IanSnuin luni~ns~nicuiu t i i u iu n. Iuunaulg

.I d V danrau~souuau u i n n. a z ~ ~ n n a ~ u ~ n ~ n w i t ~ ~ n ~ ~ n i i , o ~ A n i s d ~ u i v ~ i o ~ I u U

u d ~ o o ~ u ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ r d i ~ i ~ d o ~ a ~ ~ i u i n q

GM425 217

1 ) nlsbbqua (Reason)

2) n7rrrrrm~nalutDuhiolr (Friendliness) ,

3) n7srau~6jj (Coalition)

4) n'lr6orod (Bargaining)

5) n'Izr~amdi~8 (Assertiveness) u d d

6) nisl#dlu~o~ulwn rnRond7 (Higher Authority)

7) nldfln q rulgn w (Sanctions)

nis%b~q ~ra (Reason)

i i a n ~ s r ( ~ r r m a n a i u ~ a t ~ ~ L ~ m t t i ~ ~ ~ q r ks lm inn l cisorrrua#~xr.~~atmr6( fy U

rflunaw~ai~d t ~ a ~ u ~ ~ u ~ ' b f l ~ ~ " u ~ ~ s l ~ ~ ~ t : w q arfludst~8ud7$i~

P ni~bb~~d~ai~ba~f l035 (Frlendllness)

\

P nis5auwh (Coalition)

n13bbl@d 8r~12 (Assertiveness)

i fh is$ onisu~m~ diuioni~msdm unis

~ $ ~ i i u ~ ~ u ' o m n a ~ i i d d ~ ~ l u ~ u n i s d ~ ~ ~ ~ m i u o t i i ~ ~ s t du~wn i~z i l eoh q

dsz~n~horzd io~ d ~ ~ m i u d o u ~ u u o d IMF d d Y ~iouI~szann~romnat)'1"r~6~'yyidfiiI?"Luo~m bdu~yyidan~)r\"L-~n'uwo 91

LLB~ dfnlfl?"e; 91 o h 314'Lfl?"n'1~ o ~ o i s i rCl~iu a' w w d u cloa auodng saiiuu u*ou~nunno~dau~miu

o, d d nifa~$ir(i~~%icncnb~flona'i (Higher Authority)

u d Ronisuon~iu~Cu1~uoinCJ'1J'~<~ 1J'y~iluszm~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C ~ ~ U W M " I J I ~ ~ Q Q

~ n n t a ~ d ~ s i s i o ~ n i s I

n i ~ ' d f i v (sanctions)

nid.ri!m (Rewards) LJU

nisIm?nu (Punishments) ~$u

nis~nGiousio&dfiiijm n i sd i~ i r I

nissiniju~ti ou nisam~udutlou nislrioon

nidBjl$n?iuk<q nisIrll?iirlo n i d B j u o u ~ i u h < n+nunclrn?iu

li ~Aunmdilu$2 q ~ u i ~Ougu

Reason A

I Coalition Assertiveness

Friendliness Friendliness

Bargaining Coalition

Assertiveness Bargaining

1 Higher Authority Higher Authority

i I s u I $ ~ ~ t l d ~ Sanctions

sdd U 11.2 5GniaIQ61~1,lo : i~~oinAituulQ~~nAqa~~a"i~udituuI~rs"~u d nqa (Usage of Power Tactlcs: From Most to Least Popular)

nq5liiod : dq~qodnnriluq'La"l~n7ddfi~~ PI (Politics: Power in

Action) . I

an~s~iiatluatn'n~sgr (Organizational Politics) ~~~tds:~~uu16nis~$diui~#fl

& f d i i i a i ~ (Definition)

wqGnssurS~nisrJo~ (Political Behavior) ha~6nisa ir l f l~ iOuiu1i i i i

rzdi~dPin1~~6~fiuu~~a~~nrfitlun?n'luo~6ni~ U

Y Y aindiCIniu o i r uuno~6dszn aur a~wqRnnu~B~n~rtda3l2 iadu

3) ~iluwqgnrrudI.a'nqiuwui u i u ~ d o I K i ~ n ~ w mcio np rnrud (Criteria)

nftu3unlf (Processes) I

ti1iauiu (Goals)

~ r r h u i l d u n i m ' ~ ~ u ~ r

Pl a o ~ n 6 d , a z n o ~ n d ~ i i ~ ~ ~ ~ % ~ ~ n n ~ ~ ( i i n + i u r % ~ n ~ s r . ~ a ~ ~ q -

(Factor$ Contributing to Political Behavior)

A' iiatn'llrznaunaiudsznirdnCunyuu~ztaa6iu~usianisiiwq~~ssut~~ , . s

ninfiar uird~u~iluad6dirlanau6iuynnnttn~uidd~u~~uar6d~znau6iuad6ni :

o ~ d d ~ e n o u c i l w y (Indlvldual Factors) I

ad6dsznoun~nddi~~~nnn~uar6nisdid 7 ~ n q d a ~ n % ~ ~ q ~ n ~ f u i ~ ~ d n dl n i s t f i o ~ ~ u d i l n i u n a ~ C n n " ~ n ~ i u ~ ~ ~ v ~ ~ ~ ~ u " i ~ ~ ~ a ~ B u ~ n ~ n n ~ u n i u u i 5 i a " "

n ~ i u 6 ~ d n i f d i u i ~ (Power)

~131~6~dniffl31~~1f=: (Autonomy)

a-n~iu~'a~nirn~iuU"un~dnann'u (Security) * ) /

n~iu6~~nir i jnoiuniwd~n41 (Higher Status)

iddid 7 t ~ [ i ~ d t i l ~ a d 6 d ~ t n a ~ ~ t n d ~ ~ ~ r t i ~ ~ f l ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ d q

w ~ ~ n ~ ~ u t S ~ n i s r f i ~ ~ a a n u i u u W I U ~ ~ ~ v a ~ n ~ i u i i n ~ ? i tv~diIdi iUnqiu

t$ny~i~n~i~uhr~nddn~idni~~iu~tnz~~~'uwndsz'Iu~d~u 3 ~ u ~ = : ~ i ~ $ ~ f i a n q ~ u

' ~ J W Q ~ P ~ U Q U I ~ ~ ~ ~ d J A Y ciquunnnfinn(ucluonuanuniwluRig~ q ~dnin~i~downnouunuoin

a ~ c i n i s l u s z ~ u d t f i u n ~ i d n ~ ~ j n ~ i u i l u n i v i G ( ~ i n u n n u r i l ~ d ~ o ~ n i s v o ~ 91

rl v u nninttsd~iu ~ ~ o r ' ~ u ~ ~ n n ~ d ~ t d u d 6 a ~ n i ~ v a d ~ n i u 7ad6nir t i luns~nIauhld 91

dcr Y fY uadynnnniuuan ynnnnunnwmzknh~ui~~z~xi~ ia~~uunra~aan%ow~Gnssu

t%n,stfiad fiarua~aanGaun~iynnnd~ztnndndian"~lunau~~~n

o~ddillsmou&mo~dnm (Organlzatlonal Factors)