globalization and working conditions in cambodia

8/4/2019 Globalization and Working Conditions in Cambodia

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University of CambodiaUniversity of Cambodia

Course code: SOC103

Lecturer: PUM Somonyrak

Room: Prasat Kravan

Session: Afternoon

Academic Year: 2010 - 2011

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Topic

Globalization and

Working Conditions

in Cambodia

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Group members

BUN Seng Kong

KEO Chakriya

CHAN Sokharath

CHEA Moniroth

TEP Vannittey

PHOAN Putheary

60-49-31

60-49-56

60-24-04

60-32-70

60-51-18

60-36-74

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Content

Introduction

What is Globalization?

History of Globalization

T

extB

odyI. Cambodia Working conditions

Employers

Employees

II. Regional Cross border Migration

Thailand Malaysia

Korea

Conclusion

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Introduction

What is Globalization?

Globalization refers to the

process of exposing to one

anothers culture.

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What is Globalization ? .,(Cont)

According to

Thomas Friedman,Globalization is a

phenomenon making

the world becoming

smaller and flatter.

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Customs and Traditions

In 2006, he wrote an

international bestseller book :

The World Is Flat.

He discusses the ten forcesflattening our world.

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What is Globalization ? .,(Cont)

Nandan Nilekani,

a former CEO, of Infosys, coined

the words : The World is flat.

Three main forces :

1. Netscape went public in 1995

2. Uploading

3. Outsourcing

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ABriefHistory of Globalization

Globalization 1.0 :

1492 to 1800s.

Globalization 2.0 :

1800s to 2000s.

Globalization 3.0:2000s to present

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I. Cambodia

Working Conditions Employers

Employees

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Employers

Mr. Righter

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Cambodian Typhoons


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Low wages

Labor contract

Workplaces Working environment.

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Employers


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Employees

Trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Migration

are increased because of Globalization.

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Decrease the unemployment rate

Poverty reduction

Higher wages to employees with financial and non-

financial support.

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Employees

Workers have to face strong competition in a

globalized world.

Lead to oversee migration. For instance,

Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea.

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Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and

working conditions.

The jobs are not the suitable ones.

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II. Regional Cross

Border

Migrations

Malaysia

Thailand

Korea

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Cambodian Labors in Malaysia

1. Statistic

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Migrants Domestic

work*

Factories

Both sexes Males Females Both sexes Males Females

1998 120 / 120 120

1999 86 / 86 86

2000 502 307 195 82 420 307 113

2001 846 302 504 383 453 342 111

2002 1049 246 803 437 612 246 366

2003 573 73 500 500 73 73 /

2004 809 105 704 582 227 105 1222005 1776 467 1309 1008 768 467 301

2006 859 172 687 497 362 172 190

Total 6620 1712 4908 3705 2915 1712 1203

In 2010, the report said, labor recruiting agencies sent 16,395 workers to Malaysia,

compared to a total 2,654 in 2008. Of those in 2010, nearly 12,000 were women sent

as domestic workers.


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2. Causes

Opportunities for Cambodian domestic

workers in Malaysia have expanded rapidly

since 2008, when Indonesia stopped sending

migrant workers there because of human rightsabuse allegations.

Growing industry plus refusal of Malaysian to

do the 3D jobs.

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3. Who and How?

Who are the migrant workers?

How are they recruited?

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4. What are the danger?

detention

3D work conditions (agriculture, manufacture,entertainment and domestic servants)

low salary

no holiday

debt bondages

segregation at the workplace- low perspective-abuse

confiscation of document, permit, or otherdocuments

lack of law

sexual harassment

limited or no access to healthcare

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5. Regulation

no standard fair contract employment

no adequate laws to protect migrant workers

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Cambodian Labor in Thailand

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Around the globe, there are more than 100 million migrant workers

(ILO: 2009). The funds they send home have been estimated at $316

billion in 2009, down 6 percent from $336 billion in 2008 (World Bank,

2010).

For Cambodia, she had sent more than 50,000 workers to work abroad,

all of them in Asian countries.

As many as 51,647 Cambodians were working in Thailand, Malaysia,

South Korea (and Japan).

27,152 in Malaysia

16,197 in Thailand

8,201 in South Korea

97 in Japan


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There are two factors for the Cambodia laborers migrating to Thailand,push and pull factors. Push factor: a shortage of job in the country

Pull factor: high wage in Thailand

There are two basics types of labor migration: Those who work and stay for months or years inside Thailand

And Those who work in areas near the border

Thailand has received migrant workers from Cambodia since 1994,

most are undocumented or irregular. Official migration started only in 2006, following a memorandum of

understanding between Thailand and Cambodia signed in May 2003.


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I.I. Cause of work migrationCause of work migration

The living condition

Poverty

Uneducated

Persuading by friends or neighbors

Most of them are living near the border, so

they would easily work their.

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II. Effect of Cambodia MigrationII. Effect of Cambodia Migration

To Citizens themselvesTo Citizens themselves

1. Might be easy to cheat by other bad people

2. Could be killed by Thai soldier

3. Discrimination

4. Unfair with the well-fare

5. Hard and disgusting workplaces

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To Society or governmentTo Society or government

1. Human trafficking over the Cambodian women

2. Drug trafficking will get through to the country

by this migration, especially; along the Cambodia

borders.

3. Human resources and employment in the

country will be decreased

4. Conflict between the both countries

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Where is the Law ?

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Cambodia Labors in South Korea

Diplomatic RelationsDiplomatic Relations

Cambodia and KoreaCambodia and Korea

-- Cambodia started to build diplomaticrelations with Korea since 1970.

- Relationship was damaged when the Khmer

Rouge took power 1975.- 1996,

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Number of Cambodian workersNumber of Cambodian workers

In 2008, Korea accepted 65 000 workers

from 15 countries.

In 2009, it declined, 17 000 workers.

Cambodian workersCambodian workers

2008, about 4000 workers in South Korea

Economic crisis, Korea reduced the numberof Cambodian workers, more than 1475.

2009, 86% were men and the rest were

women.

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Number of Cambodian workers., (Cont)Number of Cambodian workers., (Cont)

In the half of 2011, Cambodian workers in

Korea increase to 2,645

this number increase 100% compare to the

same period in 2010.

Cambodian workers are likely to work in

Korea more than any other countriesbecause of high return.

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Working sectorsWorking sectors

Male workers mostly employed in

Industrial and Construction sectors,

While,

Female workers are employed in

Agriculture sectors.

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How are they recruited?

By Labor Agency in Cambodia,.

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Conclusion

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globalization and working conditions in cambodia

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