Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops – Which way for Africa?

Margaret Karembu PhDDirector, ISAAA Africenter

m.karembu@cgiar.org

I S A A A

International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA)

BioInnovate Launch 16th March 2011

Presentation Outline

The Global Challenge and Strategy

Global Adoption and Impacts

Overview and Trends in Africa

The Future of GM/Biotech Crops

ISAAA key missionISAAA key missionPoverty alleviation and knowledge sharing on Poverty alleviation and knowledge sharing on

crop biotech with global societycrop biotech with global society

Annual Review -Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM CropsWeekly e-newsletter – Crop Biotech Updates >1 million subscribers

Local languages – 10 in Africa

Note: Expansive references and diverse information sources

Flagship communication products

ISAAA’s Global Knowledge Center Network of Biotechnology Information Centers (BICs)

PhilippinesISAAA’s Global KC

Indonesia

Malaysia

Brazil

China

India

Egypt

Kenya

South Africa

Thailand

Mali

Pakistan

Russia

Bulgaria

Sri Lanka

Spain

ItalyJapan

Burkina Faso

Bangladesh

ISAAA AmeriCenter

Vietnam

Knowledge and Experience Sharing

2010 Adoption Highlights

The Philanthropic European co-sponsors of2010 ISAAA Report

Fondazione Bussolera-Branca, Italy– supports sharing of knowledge to aid global society to make knowledge-based decisions about biotech crops

Ibercaja, Spain– Spain’s fourth largest bank - based in the country’s maize growing area where Bt maize is successfully grown

The Global Challenge

World population will grow from current 6.5B to 8B by 2025 and 9.2B by 2050

Affluence in emerging economies will drive meat, cereals, edible oil consumption up

Climate change will limit water availability; introduce new pests

Increased consumption of biofuel

Increased demand for Food, Feed, Fiber and Fuel

4Fs

• NO SINGLE APPROACHNO SINGLE APPROACH will allow production ofwill allow production of 4Fs 4Fs to to be doubled be doubled SUSTAINABLYSUSTAINABLY by 2050 for 9 billion people by 2050 for 9 billion people

• Conventional crop improvement Conventional crop improvement ALONE ALONE will not – will not – GM/BIOTECH CROPS NOT A PANACEAGM/BIOTECH CROPS NOT A PANACEA but IMPORTANT but IMPORTANT

• Successful strategy must have Successful strategy must have MULTIPLE APPROACHES MULTIPLE APPROACHES that address all the principal issues that include:that address all the principal issues that include:

• Population Stabilization Population Stabilization

• Improved food distribution systemsImproved food distribution systems

Global StrategyGlobal StrategyDouble Double 4Fs 4Fs Production by 2050 Production by 2050

…….a technology component that .a technology component that integrates the integrates the BEST OF BEST OF

CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL and the and the BEST BEST OF BIOTECH TOOLS OF BIOTECH TOOLS to optimize to optimize productivity and productivity and CONTRIBUTECONTRIBUTE to to

food-feed-fuel-fiber securityfood-feed-fuel-fiber security

Importantly…

There are different OPTIONS to improve the agriculture sector

Some tools in agriculture

Organic farming

Indigenous knowledgePlant

breeding

BiotechnologyVariety selection

Sustainable resource

managementIntegrated

pest management

Conservation tillage

Note: Biotechnology provides tools; NOT a SYSTEM and will not replace traditional agriculture

1.1. Can biotech crops produce more Can biotech crops produce more affordable affordable foodfood--feed-fiber-fuel, and, are they feed-fiber-fuel, and, are they safe?safe?

2.2. Can biotech crops contribute to Can biotech crops contribute to sustainabilitysustainability??

3.3. Can biotech crops help with Can biotech crops help with climate change by climate change by decreasing COdecreasing CO22 emissions emissions??

4.4. Can biotech crops contribute to Can biotech crops contribute to foodfood securitysecurity and to the and to the alleviation of poverty and hungeralleviation of poverty and hunger??

Questions on Biotech Crops Globally Questions on Biotech Crops Globally

2010 Adoption Highlights

A record 15.4 million farmers, in 29 countries, planted 148 million hectares (365 million acres) in 2010, a sustained increase of 10% or 14 million hectares (35 million acres) over 2009.

Source: Clive James, 2010.

GLOBAL AREA OF BIOTECH CROPSMillion Hectares (1996 to 2010)

29 Biotech Crop CountriesTotal Hectares

IndustrialDeveloping

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

• Accumulated global area of biotech Crops,1996/2010 estimated over 1 Billion hectares in 2010

• 29 countries: 3 new: Pakistan, Myanmar and Sweden ; 19 were developing, 10 industrial

• 15.4 million biotech farmers –– 90% or 14.4 million small and resource-challenged farmers

• 148 million hectares up from 134 million hectares in 2009

• Continued progress in Africa:

*Burkina Faso biotech cotton rose to 260,000 from 115,000has in 2009; 65% of country’s total cotton area

*Egypt: biotech maize from 1,000ha to 2,000

* South Africa: Maize, cotton, soybean

8 European countries planted biotech crops up from 6 in 2009

• Accumulated global area of biotech Crops,1996/2010 estimated over 1 Billion hectares in 2010

• 29 countries: 3 new: Pakistan, Myanmar and Sweden ; 19 were developing, 10 industrial

• 15.4 million biotech farmers –– 90% or 14.4 million small and resource-challenged farmers

• 148 million hectares up from 134 million hectares in 2009

• Continued progress in Africa:

*Burkina Faso biotech cotton rose to 260,000 from 115,000has in 2009; 65% of country’s total cotton area

*Egypt: biotech maize from 1,000ha to 2,000

* South Africa: Maize, cotton, soybean

8 European countries planted biotech crops up from 6 in 2009

SUMMARYSUMMARY –– 2010 HIGHLIGHTS 2010 HIGHLIGHTS

Principal Biotech/GM crops - Globally

Cotton

CanolaMaize

Soybean

M Acres

Global Adoption Rates (%) for PrincipalBiotech Crops (Million Hectares, Million Acres), 2010

Source: Clive James, 2010

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

81%Soybean

64%Cotton

29%Maize

23%Canola

90

33

158

31

Conventional

Biotech

0

49

99

148

198

247

296

346

395

445

Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2010:By Trait (Million Hectares, Million Acres)

Source: Clive James, 2010

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0

25

49

74

99

124

148

173

198

222

100

Herbicide Tolerance

Insect Resistance (Bt)

Herb Tolerance/Insect resistance

M Acres

Top 10 Biotech Crop Adopting Nations 2010 and > 1million hectares each

Industrialized Hectares

USA 66.8 millionCanada 8.8 million

Developing Hectares

Brazil 25.4 millionArgentina 22.9 millionIndia 9.4 millionChina 3.5 millionParaguay 2.6 millionPakistan 2.4 millionSouth Africa 2.2 millionUruguay 1.1 million

• Sustainable Economic Benefits –– $10.7 billion, $5.7 bill in developing & $5.0 billion in industrial countries

• Food, Feed & Fiber Security + 42 million metric tons

• Conserving Biodiversity –– 12 million hectares saved

• Alleviation of Poverty – helped 14 million small farmers

• Reduce Env Footprint –– 10% less pesticides = 39 mill kg

• Mitigating Climate Change & GHG –– 18 billion kg less CO2 emissions = 8 million fewer cars on the road

Source: Brookes and Barfoot, forthcoming, and Clive James 2011

• Sustainable Economic Benefits –– $10.7 billion, $5.7 bill in developing & $5.0 billion in industrial countries

• Food, Feed & Fiber Security + 42 million metric tons

• Conserving Biodiversity –– 12 million hectares saved

• Alleviation of Poverty – helped 14 million small farmers

• Reduce Env Footprint –– 10% less pesticides = 39 mill kg

• Mitigating Climate Change & GHG –– 18 billion kg less CO2 emissions = 8 million fewer cars on the road

Source: Brookes and Barfoot, forthcoming, and Clive James 2011

IMPACT OF BIOTECH CROPSIMPACT OF BIOTECH CROPS

Biotech commercial

South Africa - Maize, cotton, soybean

Egypt - Maize

Burkina Faso - Cotton

Biotech crops on trialRSA - potatoes, sugarcane, WEMA – RSA

Kenya – cotton, maize, SPEgypt – cotton, potato, wheat, cucumber, melonUganda - banana, cotton, cassava, maizeNigeria - cowpea, cassava

Africa Overview Biotech Crops planting 2010

Case Study – Biotech cotton in Burkina Faso

• In 2010, ~260,000 hectares Bt cotton planted up from 115,000 hectares in 2009, 65% adoption

• ~ 80,000 farmers planted Bt cotton compared to 4,500 farmers 2009

• Bt cotton seed produced in 2010 can plant > 70% of all cotton in the country

Estimated economic benefit from Bt cotton - over US$100 million/yr based on yield increases of close to 30%, plus at least 50% reduction in insecticides sprays, from a total of 8 sprays to only 2 to 4 sprays for Bt cotton

Trends in regional collaboration in biosafety

Africa RECs have placed emphasis on harmonization of biosafety policies

3 main RECsCOMESA: Eastern and Southern Africa SADC: Southern AfricaECOWAS: Western Africa States

Predicted Growth in Africa by 2015Main Drivers – regulations for enabling, not

blocking Innovation, Farmer satisfaction

2010 (3 countries)South Africa, Burkina Faso

and Egypt

2015 (up to 10 countries) South Africa, Burkina Faso,

Egypt, Mali, Togo, Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania , Malawi

EGYPT

BURKINAFASO

SOUTHAFRICA

NIGERIA

KENYA

UGANDA

MALAWI

BURKINAFASO

TOGO

SOUTHAFRICA

EGYPT

TANZANIA

MALI

FUTURE PROSPECTS FUTURE PROSPECTS

Products nearing commercialization

Drought tolerant corn - USA

Insect resistant eggplantIndia, Philippines, Bangladesh

Insect resistant rice China, Iran

Biofortified rice Philippines, India, Indonesia Bangladesh, Vietnam

Blue rose Japan

1.1.Political will and support from lead Political will and support from lead countries, governments and institutionscountries, governments and institutions

2.Establishing responsible and efficient regulatory regimes, that are appropriate for Africa with limited resources

3.3.Communication with Society Communication with Society transparently and accuratelytransparently and accurately

Three requirements for growth of Three requirements for growth of Biotech/GM crops in Africa Biotech/GM crops in Africa

Africa in need of Technology Intervention not a “Victim”

•Interventions from science and biotechnology tools are key to increased productivity & enhanced food security – it is URGENT!

“Responsible biotechnology is not the enemy, but starvation is the enemy”Late Norman Borlaug

Thank You and..

Congratulations to BioInnovate

HONGERA!!!!!!