Global Social Protection Floor

Perspectives and Experiences of OECD-POVNET and FINLAND

Pre-Conference Workshop on the Global Social Protection Floor

Global Conference of ICSW, IFSW and IASSW

Hong Kong, 7 June, 2010

Timo VoipioVice-Chair, OECD-POVNET

Senior Adviser for Global Social Policy

Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

Timo.Voipio@formin.fi

THANKS to ICSW

1) Kuala Lumpur 2004

2) Brasilia 2006

3) Tours 2008

4) Hong Kong 2010

- CONGRATULATIONS ICSW ! North-South

Programme ! - CONGRATULATIONS TANZANIA

AND FINLAND !

Twinning, most fruitful !!

CONGRATULATIONS ICSW, IFSW and IASSW

Global Social Protection Floor

1) For >30 years the international aid community has been trying to reduce poverty by…

- economic growth + “trickle down”

- short-term (3yr) “poverty reduction projects”

2) Yet, in all societies that have succeeded: permanent national institutions for:

- DECENT WORK for employment intensive, pro-poor, redistributed and sustainable growth

- SOCIAL PROTECTION for the young, old, sick, disabled – or those in various kinds of “shocks”

POVNET Plenary Paris17 April, 2007Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland

timo.voipio@formin.fi 4

SOCIALSOCIALECONOMICECONOMIC

Rio-1992 Sustainable development = balanced dev’t

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

Timo Voipio, MFA-Finlandtimo.voipio@formin.fi 5

SOCIALSOCIAL-security & protectionsecurity & protection-inclusion & dialogueinclusion & dialogue- rights & equality, rights & equality, - empowerment- empowerment

Employment,Employment,entre-entre-preneurship preneurship & growth& growth

ILO, UN-ECOSOC, EU: DECENT WORK FOR ALLDECENT WORK FOR ALL

Why Social Protection ?

1) Good for economic growth: poor and vulnerable people often make sub-optimal economic choices because they cannot tolerate the risks related to moving to new crops, businesses, areas …in financial crisis aggregate demand!

2) A human right (Art.22-28 UDHR) – and a basic pillar of social cohesion (social contract).

3) Fastest way to achieve MDGs

Promising evidence, e.g. from…

1) Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs), e.g. Bolsa Familia in Brazil; ADB

2) Employment Guarantee Schemes, e.g. NREGA in India…

3) Social Health Insurance, e.g. in Rwanda

4) Child Grants/ family benefits, e.g. in South Africa

5) Social pensions, e.g. in Nepal, South Africa, Brazil.

6) Maternity protection M MMDG !!!

– Aid

Experts’ Meeting Experts’ Meeting UN CSocD UN CSocD Book + Policy Statement Book + Policy Statement

Finland: Aid PovRed GlobSocPol

Comprehensive Social Policies forComprehensive Social Policies forDevelopment in a Globalizing WorldDevelopment in a Globalizing World

21.04.23

8Link: http://info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/comprehensive/index.htm

Social Protection Floor

• One key element in comprehensive social policy: Solid floor ladder/staircase to climb higher!!

• Social contract – nationally and globally – to ensure that every woman and man will be able to participate in, contribute to and benefit from development… OECD-POVNET

OECD-DAC = ”Donor Think Tank”POVNET = Poverty Reduction Network

1) POVNET Guidelines on Poverty Reduction 2001

2) POVNET Guide on Pro-Poor Growth (PPG) 2006

3) PPG and Agriculture 2006

4) PPG and Infrastructure 2006

5) PPG and PrivSectDevt 2006

6) PPG and Social Protection 2009

7) PPG and Employment 2009

8) PPG and Empowerment - forthcoming 2010

9) Global Social Protection Floor 2011-2012

POVNET Plenary Paris17 April, 2007Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland

timo.voipio@formin.fi 11

1999-2010

POVNET Plenary Paris17 April, 2007Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland

timo.voipio@formin.fi 12

Risk & Vulnerability Risk & Vulnerability = Key constraints for the participation of the poor people in = Key constraints for the participation of the poor people in PPG in PSD and Agriculture PPG in PSD and Agriculture Social Protection needed… Social Protection needed…

POVNET Plenary Paris17 April, 2007Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland

timo.voipio@formin.fi 13

POVNET: Pro-poor growth= growth that poor people participate in, contribute to and benefit from…

A narrow ‘tradeable’/ Growth in all sectors/areas/markets

‘export’ sector/area/market? where the poor are & growth

(and redistribution, if any?) also in the national economy?

OLD NEW

Timo Voipio, MFA-Finlandtimo.voipio@formin.fi 14

Reliable SocProt may also encourage structural change & climate adaptation

A narrow ‘tradeable’/ Growth in all sectors/areas/markets

‘export’ sector/area/market? where the poor are + flexibility (and redistribution, if any?) for structural change, thanks

toincreased social security

+ Structural change

POVNET Plenary Paris17 April, 2007Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland

timo.voipio@formin.fi 15

Justifications used by donors for focusing on Social Protection

Pro-poor growth• helps avoid shocks that can derail growth• promotes innovation, risk taking and entrepreneurship• broadens participation in economic growth• focuses on asset accumulation• counteracts irreversible asset depletion

Rights-based• MDGs, basic needs• human development / human security (Sen/JICA) • global socio-economic ‘floor’ (minimum standards) & global compact (MDG8)• democratic participation and social dialogue• sustainable development, lifecycle and inter-generational thinking

The ILO Global Campaign to Extend Social Security to All

A Human Rights Based Approach…

• Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: “Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security” further explained by article 25 and echoed by the International Covenant on Economic and Social Rights (1966,1976) as commented by the Committee on Economic , Social and cultural rights in 2008 stating– Progressive implementation of the right to social security while

maintaining – a core obligation to select a core group of social risks and

contingencies for immediate implementation– States parties…”should consider the development of further legal

instruments” to “ ensure that the right to social security is given due attention in international agreements”

The ILO Global Campaign to Extend Social Security to All

A Human Rights Based Approach…

• UDHR Article 25: Right to health and well being including food , clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services …special care and assistance in case of motherhood and childhood…

• Article 26: Universal right to education…

• Article 27: Right to participate in the cultural life of the community…

• THE SPF INITITIATIVE GIVES CORE CONTENT TO THE BASIC RIGHTS EVEN IN TIMES OF CRISES …

What is the Social Protection Floor (SPF)–Initiative?

• One-UN Mandated by UN Crisis Summit and CEB

• Ensuring rights to essential services and social transfers for the poor and vulnerable:1. Essential services, such as health, water

and sanitation, education, social work 2. Essential social transfers:

– Universal Health Care– Assistance for Unemployed and Poor– Child benefit– Universal Old-Age and Disability Pension

Family BenefitSickness BenefitUnemployment BenefitMaternity BenefitMedical Care BenefitSurvivors’ Benefit Invalidity BenefitOld-age Benefit Employment Injury Benefit

Public Employees + depend-

ants

Private Employees+dependants

Self-employed

+Depend-

ants

Workers in

Informal Economy+ depend-

ants

Non-employed Working Age

and their dependants,

elderly, children

Four Guarantees: Universal Health CareAssistance for Unemployed and PoorChild benefitUniversal Old-Age and Disability Pension

The universal and progressive social security development approach: The horizontal and vertical dimensions – ILO mandate:

HORIZONTAL DIMENSION

VERTICAL DIMENSION

Social Protection Floor

Social Security Benefitsaccording

to C. 102

Timo Voipio, MFA-Finlandtimo.voipio@formin.fi 20

Gradual mngt of prioritized poverty risks through legislation & regulation, case Finland

Housing (1950-80) Immigr.

Old age (1935-70) Long term un-Work and family (65-95) employment

Ill health (1890-1970) Studies (60-85) Over indebt-

Children (1920-70) edness (1990s)

Unemployment (60-85)

1920s. 1950-70s. 1990s. 1990s. 2000s2000s(Sources: Jäntti, Saari, Vartiainen 2005; Saari 2005).

Who participates in the SPF-Initiative?

• National governments (ministries of labour, health, finance, agriculture …), social partners and national NGOs/CSOs, etc. + Regional bodies ?

• UN agencies such as ILO, WHO, FAO, IMF, OHCHR, UN Regional Commissions, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNDESA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNHABITAT, UNHCR, UNODC, UNRWA, WFP, WMO, other international organizations such as World Bank and Regional Development Banks, and bilateral donors (e.g. Germany, UK, Finland, EU), global funds and International NGOs (ICSW, HAI, SCF...)

• OECD-POVNET

The ILO Global Campaign to Extend Social Security to All

Global coordination and support

– National Action

• Country level: Joint SPF Taskforce (government, social partners, social security institutions, UN agencies, NGOs, donors, etc. )

• Global level: Coordination of UN agencies (ILO, WHO, UNICEF, UNDESA, UNAIDS …), donors, international NGOs, Govts, social partners which set up a Global Technical Advisory Network

Government, social partners, UN agencies, NGOs etc.

Global Technical Advisory Network

Support

Joint SPF Taskforce

FINLAND / Development cooperation: Strong support to UN normative role/processes

1) UN CSocD (Commission for Social Development) Feb-2010Social Protection Floor SDAN: Social Development Advisers’ Network

2) Special Rapporteur on Rights of People with Disabilities

+ Book + Global Partnership on Disability and Dev’t (GPDD)

3) UN Human Rights Council / Independent Expert on Extreme Poverty + ICHRP

• Social Pensions and Human Rights

• CCTs and HR, Crisis/SP/HR

Finland – Development cooperation

• Multilateral support to SP innovation work by

• One-UN Social Protection Floor Initiative (SPF-I)

• ILO DW/SP in Central Asia

• UNICEF + WFP + UNFPA + UNDP

• WB (TFESSD, incl. WB-SP and Disability)

Finland – Development cooperation

• Active role in ‘brokering’ SP Agenda Development in…

• OECD-POVNET• Policy Guidance on SP and PPG 2009

• Measuring SP in ODA statistics 2010 (user: povnet; pass: dacpovnet)

• Joint Donor Learning Events on SP (Train4Dev) 2010

• Global Social Protection Floor 2011-12

• EU: European Development Report 2010 on SP in SSA Dec10 Communication/Conclusions on SP 2011?

• AU/EU Strategic Partnership on Migr/Empl/SP 30.6.-2.7. Dakar

Finland – Development cooperation

• CSOs: • ICSW (International Council for Social Welfare)

+ IFSW (Int’l Federation of Social Workers)

+ IASSW (Int’l Association of Schools of Social Work

Joint Conference Hong Kong 10-15 June, 2010

• World Conference on Universal Social Security, Brazil, 12/10

• World Social Security Forum, ISSA, Cape Town 12/10 • IDS-Centre for Social Protection Conference on SP for

Social Justice 13-15 April, 2011

CONGRATULATIONS to ICSW, IFSW and IASSW

- None of this will succeed without committed and competent

PROFESSIONALS of CARE !!

- Key challenges, therefore:

Rights of Care Workers

Human Rights to Care

Economics of Care