global 9 mid-term review the big picture. the basics every civilization has a distinctive way they...
TRANSCRIPT
Global 9 Mid-Term Global 9 Mid-Term ReviewReview
The BIG PictureThe BIG Picture
The BasicsThe Basics• Every civilization has a distinctive way they live called their CULTURE
• Every civilization tends to believe their own is superior, called ETHNOCENTRISM
• Any civilization that has contact with others is changed by that contact, called CULTURAL DIFFUSION
• Every civilization has some form of GOVERNMENT to keep order and ECONOMY to determine how resources are used
• Every civilization is affected by its surroundings and climate, called GEOGRAPHY, and develops strategies to deal with them
World ReligionsWorld Religions• every religion is either monotheistic or polytheistic
• without a god, a “religion” is really a philosophy or belief system
• there are 5 major world religions: Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism
• there are 2 major world philosophies: Confucianism & Daoism
• Animism is a collective term used to refer to local religions like Shintoism, which focus on nature spirits & ancestor spirits
Human BeginningsHuman Beginnings• current scientific theory indicated that humans first existed in AFRICA in the GREAT RIFT VALLEY
• they gradually MIGRATED throughout the rest of the world
• homo sapiens sapiens thrived while Neanderthals declined
• early humans were NOMADIC HUNTER-GATHERERS
• when the first humans learned to farm & domesticate animals they settled down and formed villages, called the NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
• food surplus allowed JOB SPECIALIZATION and the rise of the first River Valley Civilizations
River Valley River Valley CivilizationsCivilizations
•RIVERS provide SHIFT: spread of culture, household use, irrigation, food & flooding, trade & transportation
• the formation of the first CITIES is called URBANIZATION
• cities have sharp differences in SOCIAL CLASS based on birth and occupation
• kings are believed to be living gods or chosen by the gods like the pharaoh or the Chinese emperor
• each civilization is famous for achievements: their architecture, law codes, writing systems, art work
Classical Civilizations – Near Classical Civilizations – Near EastEast
• first millennium BC
• Hebrews, Phoenicians, Persians
• Babylonian Captivity, Temple, Jerusalem
• Mediterranean sea trade, purple dye, alphabet, colonies
• largest empire, religious toleration, Zoroastrianism
Classical Civilizations - IndiaClassical Civilizations - India• 4th century BC & 4th century AD
• Maurya unification
• Ashoka: Buddhism, pillar edicts, religious toleration, missionaries
• Gupta Golden Age of art, science, math-Arabic numerals, relative peace, Silk Road trade; rigid caste system
Classical Civilizations - Classical Civilizations - GreeksGreeks
• 5th century BC highpoint
• impact of geography: fishing, sea trade, Black & Mediterranean sea colonization, no unity
• first democracy in Athens (limited); public service mentality
• militarism in Spartan oligarchy
• war with Persians; war with each other
• Alexander the Great – conquest of the Middle-East as far as India; Hellenization
Classical Civilizations - ChinaClassical Civilizations - China• 220. BC to 200 AD
•Han Dynasty Golden Age
• Confucianism social system: 5 relationships; filial piety; ancestor worship; exam system
• Dynastic Cycle & Mandate of Heaven
• Middle Kingdom – ethnocentrism
• Silk Road trade discovered
Classical Civilizations - RomeClassical Civilizations - Rome• c. BC = republic; c. AD = empire
• republic – Mediterranean & Europe conquest, Twelve Tables, semi-representative government; Latin
• empire – powerful central government under emperor; Romanization; engineering and architecture achievements
• lasting influence in language, law, politics, architecture, engineering, government structure
Medieval/Golden Age Medieval/Golden Age Civilizations - ByzantinesCivilizations - Byzantines
• c. 500-1500 AD
• Justinian – attempted West reconquest, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Justinian’s Code
• Constantinople – crossroads of East & West; wealth, art, preservation of Roman & Greek literature
• influence on Russia & Eastern Europe – religion, government & Cyrillic
Medieval/Golden Age Medieval/Golden Age Civilizations – Tang/Song China Civilizations – Tang/Song China
+ Islamic Empires+ Islamic Empires
• c. 8th c. AD
• Tang & Song Golden Age – trade, cultural diffusion, Silk Road, silk & porcelain, decline status of women
• Islamic Golden Age in mid-East, N. Africa, Spain
advances in math, science, and medicine
religion spread through trade to Africa & Asia
Geography Review – River & Classical Geography Review – River & Classical Civs.Civs.
Benefits
Barriers
SHIFT