gl morphology01

7/31/2019 GL Morphology01

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Morphology:The analysis of word structure

Deny A. Kwary

www.kwary.net


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Main Divisions of Word Classes(Parts of Speech):

Content Words

Function Words

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

Conjunctions

Prepositions Articles Pronouns


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Exercise: Determine the word class ofeach of the following words

a. betterment

b. the

c. him

d. elegant

e. inconvenience

f. eloquently

g. comply

h. inasmuch as

i. over

a. Noun

b. Article

c. Pronoun

d. Adjective

e. Noun

f. Adverb

g. Verb

h. Conjunction

i. Preposition


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Word and Morpheme

Word: the smallest free form

Morpheme: the smallest meaningful

unit Word simple and complex

E.g. huntand hunter

Morpheme free and bound E.g. huntand -er


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Question #1, p.173

a. Fly Simple, no bm, fly

b. Desks Complex, -s, desk

c. Untie Complex, un-, tie

d. Tree Simple, no bm, tree

e. Dislike Complex, dis-, like

f. Reuse Complex, re-, use

g. Triumphed Complex, -ed, triumphh. Delight Simple, no bm, delight

i. Justly Complex, -ly, just


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Derivation vs. Inflection (1)

It changes thecategory and/or the

type of meaning ofthe word, so it issaid to create a newword.

e.g. suffix mentingovernment

It does not changeeither the

grammaticalcategory or the typeof meaning found inthe word.

e.g. suffixs inbooks


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A derivational affix must combine with the basebefore an inflectional affix.

e.g. neighbour (base) + hood (DA) + s (IA)

= neighbourhoods

The following combination is unacceptable:

neighbour (base) + s (IA) + hood (DA)

= *neighbourshood


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An inflectional affix in more productive than aderivational affix.

e.g. the inflectional suffix s can combine withvirtually any noun to form a plural noun.

On the other hand,

the derivational suffix antcan combine only

with Latinate bases.


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English Inflectional Morphemes

Nouns

s plural

s possessive

Verbss third person singular present

ed past tense

en past participle

ing progressive

Adjectiveser comparative

est superlative


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Inflections in other languages

Case: in Turkish and Latin (p. 166)

Tense: in Chibemba (p. 170)


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Some examples of English DerivationalMorpheme

-ic : Noun Adj ; alcohol alcoholic

-ly : Adj Adv ; exact exactly

-ate : Noun Verb ; vaccin vaccinate -ity : Adj Noun ; active activity

-ship : Noun Noun ; friend friendship

re- : Verb Verb ; cover recover


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Describe the italic affixes:

1) impossible

2) terrorized

3) terrorize

4) desks

5) dislike

6) humanity

7) fastest

1) Derivational prefix

2) Inflectional suffix

3) Derivational suffix4) Inflectional suffix


6) Derivational suffix



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Describe the italic affixes:

8) premature9) untie

10) darken11) fallen

12) oxen

13) faster

14) lecturer



10) Derivational suffix11) Inflectional suffix



14) Derivational suffix


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Page 179

Number 18

Number 19


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Affixation

Prefix: An affix that is attached to the front of abase, e.g. re-play.

Suffix: An affix that is attached to the end of a

base, e.g. kind-ness. Infix: An affix that occur within a base, e.g. (in

Indonesian) s-in-ambung.

Confix (Circumfix/Ambifix): An affix that isattached to the front and to the end of a base

simultaneously, e.g. (in Indonesian) ke-lapar-an.

Interfix, simulfix, superfix, and transfix.


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Examples of English Affixes

See pages 145

146.


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Homework (Group Assignment):The answers to be presented by each group next week(prepare a PPT file).

1.Define and give examples of the six types of affixes:infix, confix, interfix, simulfix, superfix, dan transfix.Examples can be derived from English, Indonesian,

or Arabic.2. List English Prefixes which are NOT mentioned on

page 146. Determine the word class and give twoexamples for each prefix.

3. List English Suffixes which are NOT mentioned on

pp. 145-146. Determine the word class and give twoexamples for each suffix.


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Affixation

To be continued next week

Deny A. Kwarywww.kwary.net

gl morphology01

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