give 2 examples of a physical property of oxygen gas and 1 example of a chemical property. question...
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• Give 2 examples of a physical property of Oxygen gas and 1 example of a chemical property.
Question of the Day
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Chapter 19
Lesson 2Nonmetals
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Nonmetals your body’s mass is made of oxygen,
carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogencalcium, a metal, and other elements
make up the remaining four percent of your body’s mass
Properties of Nonmetals
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Phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine are other elements found in your body.
Nonmetals elements that usually are gases or
brittle solids at room temperature
Properties of Nonmetals
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Nonmetals don’t conduct heat or electricity well,
and generally they are not shiny. Periodic table
all nonmetals except hydrogen are found at the right of the stair-step line.
Properties of Nonmetals
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The noble gasesgroup 18, make up the only group of
elements that are all nonmetalsGroup 17
except for astatine, are also nonmetals
Properties of Nonmetals
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Electrons most nonmetals are strongly attracted
to the nucleus of the atom. as a group, nonmetals are poor
conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals
form both ionic and covalent compounds.
Bonding in Nonmetals
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Nonmetals gain electrons from metals, the
nonmetals become negative ions in ionic compounds.
Bonding with other nonmetals atoms of nonmetals usually share
electrons to form covalent compounds.
Bonding in Nonmetals
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Hydrogen atoms in the universe, about 90 percent of them are hydrogen. found mostly in the compound water
Water when broken down into its elements,
hydrogen becomes a gas made up of diatomic molecules.
Hydrogen
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Diatomic molecule two atoms of the same element in a
covalent bond
Hydrogen
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Hydrogen highly reactive. a single electron, which the atom shares
when it combines with other nonmetals. can gain an electron when it combines
with alkali and alkaline earth metals. forms hydrides.
Hydrogen
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Halogen lights contain small
amounts of bromine or iodine.
These elements, as well as fluorine, chlorine, and astatine, are called halogens and are in Group 17.
The Halogens
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Halogensvery reactive in
their elemental form
their compounds have many uses.
The Halogens
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Halogen seven electrons in its outer energy level only one electron is needed to complete
this energy level. if a halogen gains an electron from a
metal, an ionic compound, called a salt is formed.
The Halogens
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Gaseous stateform reactive diatomic
covalent molecules can be identified by their
distinctive colors. chlorine is greenish
yellow, bromine is reddish orange, and iodine is violet.
The Halogens
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Fluorine most chemically active of all elements
Chlorine compounds are used to disinfect waterobtained from seawater at ocean-salt
recovery sites
The Halogens
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Bromineonly nonmetal that is a liquid at room
temperature extracted from compounds in seawater.compounds are used as dyes in
cosmetics.
Uses of Halogens
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Iodine, shiny purple-gray solid at room
temperature, is obtained from seawater. When heated, iodine changes directly to
a purple vapor. Sublimation
solid changing directly to a vapor without forming a liquid
Uses of Halogens
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Astatine last member of Group 17radioactive and rare, but has many
properties similar to those of the other halogens.
no known uses due to its rarity.
Uses of Halogens
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The noble gases exist as isolated
atomsstable~ their
outermost energy levels are full.
no naturally occurring noble gas compounds are known
The Noble Gases
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8JyQShZRA&feature=plcp
Characteristics
Characteristic Metal Nonmetal
1. Appearance of a solid Shiny Dull
2. Is it malleable? Yes No
3. Is it ductile? Yes No
4. Does it conduct electricity well? Yes No
5. Does it conduct heat well? Yes No
6. Most common state at room temp.
Solid Gas