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GISProtocolsandProceduresforCompliancewiththeMongolianOffsetGuidelinesusing

theMitigationDesignTool

TheNatureConservancy

DevelopedunderEBRDContractNo:C30074/EBSF-2012-08-107:Mongolia:CapacitybuildingforMongolianMinistryofEnvironmentandGreen

Development(MEGDT)inrelationtobiodiversityandconservationinthesouthernGobiDesert

2016

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ContentsIntroduction.....................................................................................................................................................................3

MitigationDesignToolOverview.....................................................................................................................................4

MDT-Desktop..............................................................................................................................................................4

MDT-Web...................................................................................................................................................................5

Step1-MappingLandDisturbances................................................................................................................................5

FormatandPositionalAccuracy...................................................................................................................................5

Featurerequirements..................................................................................................................................................6

Attributionrequirements.............................................................................................................................................6

MDTToolsandMethodsforMappingLandDisturbances...........................................................................................7

Step2-CalculateProjectImpactAreaandMagnitude...................................................................................................8

AssignedLDImpactParameters...................................................................................................................................8

MDTMethodsforCalculatingProjectImpactAreaandMagnitude............................................................................9

LDImpactArea.........................................................................................................................................................9

LDContinuousImpactMagnitudeRaster..............................................................................................................10

FinalProjectImpactAreaandMagnitude..............................................................................................................10

MDTToolsandOutputforCalculatingProjectImpactAreaandMagnitude.............................................................10

Step3–CalculateOffsetCompensationandPotentialLocations.................................................................................10

OffsetCompensation.................................................................................................................................................11

LocationalOffsetFactors........................................................................................................................................11

MethodsforCalculatingOffsetCompensation......................................................................................................12

PotentialOffsetLocations..........................................................................................................................................13

MethodsforCalculatingthePotentialOffsetLocations........................................................................................14

MDTToolsandOutputforCalculatingOffsetCompensationandPotentialLocations.............................................15

MDTOffsetCostReport.........................................................................................................................................15

MDTPotentialOffsetSites.....................................................................................................................................19

AvoidanceAnalysis.........................................................................................................................................................20

AvoidanceData–CumulativeOffsetFactorandDevelopmentRestrictions.............................................................20

MDT-AvoidanceToolsandOutput...........................................................................................................................20

MongoliaOffsetRegulation–GeneralGISSteps...........................................................................................................22

ArcGISStepswithMDT-DesktopTool........................................................................................................................22

QGISStepswithMDT–WebTool................................................................................................................................23

AppendicesA-F.............................................................................................................................................................23

AppendixA:GISStepsforCalculatingLocationalOffsetFactors..............................................................................23

EcosystemCategory...............................................................................................................................................23

LandscapeCondition..............................................................................................................................................27

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HabitatType...........................................................................................................................................................28

LandscapePriority..................................................................................................................................................28

AppendixB–MDTSpatialDatabase...........................................................................................................................30

AppendixC–TutorialforArcGIS10xUsers...............................................................................................................33

SetupforTutorial...................................................................................................................................................33

IdentifyingOffsetCostsandPotentialLocations...................................................................................................33

Avoidance...............................................................................................................................................................38

AppendixD–TutorialforQGIS2.12Users................................................................................................................43

SetupforTutorial...................................................................................................................................................43

DigitizingLandDisturbancesinQGIS......................................................................................................................43

UsingMDT-Web.....................................................................................................................................................47

AppendixE–AdditionalMDTDocuments.................................................................................................................51

IntroductionWithinMongolia,companieswhosebusinesspracticesimpactthelandandalterthenaturalstateoftheenvironmentarerequiredbylawtooffsetthoseimpacts.CompaniesmayworkdirectlywithAimagand/orNationalregulators(i.e.MinistryofEnvironmentandGreenDevelopment-MEGD)tocreateanextensiveanddetailedoffsetplanortheycanfollowSection3.3.6oftheMongolianOffsetGuidelines(MOG)toderiveayearlyoffsetcompensationvaluewhichisusedtomatchequivalentoffsetactionsasdeterminedbyboththecompanyandregulator.FollowingtheMOG,companiescalculaterequiredoffsetcompensationvalueinthreemainsteps:1)Identifytheareathatislikelytobeaffectedbytheproposedproject(i.e.mapthedevelopmentfootprintanditsdirectsupportinginfrastructures,delineateanimpactarea,anddeterminethemagnitudeoftheseimpacts);2)Usethisimpactareatocalculatethetotaloffsetunitsnecessarytomeettheoffsetregulation;and3)Calculatetotalyearlyoffsetcompensationvalue.Foreachstep,theMOGdefinesmethodsforcalculatingandfulfillingtheserequirements.Inordertofollowthesesteps,itishowevernecessarytobewellversedinusingGISandfullyunderstandalldatausedintheanalysis.Withoutthisknowledge,theregulationcanbedifficulttoimplementleadingtoinconsistenciesinthosetryingtofollowthelaw.

Tomeetthisimplementationgap,TheNatureConservancy(TNC)inpartnershipwiththeMongoliaMinistryofEnvironmentandGreenDevelopment(MEGD)producedaseriesofdocumentsandGIStoolstoprovidecompanieswiththeabilitytoeasilyandefficientlydeterminetheiroffsetcompensationrequirements.ThisendeavourwaspartofalargereffortofbuildingcapacitywithinMEGDtosupportlandscape-levelconservationinthesouthernGobiandwasdirectlyfinancedbytheEuropeanBankforReconstructionandDevelopment(EBRD)ShareholdersSpecialFunds.SpecificallyTNCassistedMEGDandotherstakeholdersintheidentification,review,assessment,implementation,andmonitoringofmitigationandotherconservationmeasures.Fourmaintaskswereidentifiedwithinthisproject:1)conductananalysisofhabitatconnectivityofAsiaticWildAss(Equushemionus,orkhulan)intheEasternGobiDesertregion;2)createamitigationdesigntool(MDT);3)assessalternativesandlogisticalconstraintsofregionaltraffic;and4)providetrainingfora)performinghabitatconnectivityanalyses,b)usingMDT,andc)assessingregionalsoilconditionsinthemineralizedzonesoftheGobiDesert.

ThisdocumentfocusesontheGISmethods,proceduresanddatanecessarytomeettheMOGrequirementsandhowMDTcanbeusedtoavoidthemanualGIStasksidentifiedintheregulation.InordertoeffectivelyapplyMDT,userswillstillneedtobefamiliarwithGISconceptsandprinciples.Throughoutthisdocument,explicitstepsand

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tutorialswillbedescribedusingtwoGISsoftwareprograms,ArcGISandQGIS.ArcGISisproprietaryGISsoftwareproducedbyESRI(seehttp://www.esri.com/arcgis).QGISisopensourceGISsoftware(seehttp://www.qgis.org).ThisdocumentalongwithdataandtoolssupportingthisprojectcanbeaccessedatMongolianMitigationDesignToolwebsite(MMDTWebPortal-http://s3.amazonaws.com/DevByDesign-Web/MonOffsetDesign/index.html).ThiswebsitewillbeupdatedperiodicallyasnewtoolsanddatabecomeavailableinsupportoftheMOG.

MitigationDesignToolOverviewTheMitigationDesignTool(MDT)providesanycompany,consultantand/orgovernmentofficialwiththeresourcesnecessarytoapplymitigationprincipalsastheyrelatetotheMOGregardlessoftheirGIScapabilitiesandsoftware.BothadesktopversionusingArcGIS(i.e.MDT-Desktop)andaninternetversion(i.e.MDT–Web)ofMDThavebeencreatedwitheachhavingsimilarfunctionality.WhiletheMDT-Desktopprovidesafewmoretools,bothproducethesamenecessarydatatocomplywiththeMOG.

MDT-DesktopTheMDT-Desktop(Fig.1)hasfourmaintoolsets;LandDisturbanceandImpactTools,OffsetTools,SupplementaryAvoidanceTools,andUpdateTools.TheLandDisturbanceandImpactToolsassistusersinfollowingstandardssetsuchasprojectionandattributionfordigitallycreatingwithinGISlanddisturbances(LDs)dataandthenusethesespatialdatatocreateaprojectimpactdataset.TheOffsetToolsusetheprojectimpactdatasettoderiveanoffsetcostreportandidentifypotentialoffsetlocations.TheSupplementaryAvoidanceToolsallowuserstorelativelycomparepotentialoffsetcostsforeitherleasesandorplannedLDs.Byprovidingthesetools,userscanlookatwaystopotentiallylimittheiroffsetcostswhilealsoavoidingimportantlandscapesandhabitatwithinMongolia.FinallytheUpdateToolshelpusersstaycurrentwiththeapplicationdatabasewithouthavingtoreinstalltheMDTapplication.EachtoolisdescribedindetailwithintheMDT-DesktopHelpdocument.ThetoolanddocumentationcanbedownloadedattheMongoliaMitigationDesignToolWebPortal.Userswilldownloadazipfilecontainingthetoolbox,scriptsanddatanecessaryrunallthetools.Formosttoolstorun,theMDT-DesktopnotonlyrequiresArcGIS10.1orhigherversionsbutalsotheESRISpatialAnalystextension.

Fig.1MDT-DesktopArcGISToolbox

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MDT-WebTheweb-basedmitigationtool(Fig.2)allowsusersviatheInternettoproducedataandreportsnecessarytocomplyfullywiththeMOG.Userswillberequiredtocreateinputdata(i.e.landdisturbances)anduploadthesedatainashapefileformat.ThisdocumentdescribeshowtoaccomplishthistaskusingQGIShoweveranyavailablemappingordesignsoftwarecanbeusedwhichallowsfordatatobeexportedinashapefileformat.TheinputdataareprocessedbyaremoteTNCserverwiththewebapplicationemailingusersazippedfilecontainingarasterdatasetrepresentingtheprojectimpactarea,anhtmlfilecontainingtheMDToffsetreport,andallsupportingshapefiles(i.e.offsetsiteselectionsandinputlanddisturbances).Noneofthedatauploadedbytheusersissavedtotheserverexcepttemporarilyduringtheprocessingofdata.AfulldescriptionoftheMDT-Webandhowtouseitisavailableinthe:MDT-WebHelpdocumentation.TheapplicationanddocumentationcanalsobefoundattheMongoliaMitigationDesignToolWebPortal.

Step1-MappingLandDisturbancesThefirstrequiredstepbytheMOGisforcompaniestomaptheLDsassociatedwiththeirplanneddevelopment.LDsareanyinfrastructures(e.g.roads,pipelines,buildings),operations(e.g.miningpits,overburdenpiles,settlingponds)and/orsettlements(e.g.workcamps,towns)whichareplannedforthesupportandoperationofthedevelopedarea.Mappingandattributingthesedataaccuratelyarecriticalsincethesedataderivetheimpactareaandmagnitudeandultimatelysettheoveralloffsetcompensationvalue.

FormatandPositionalAccuracyTherearemanymethodsandtoolsthatcanbeusedtolocateandmapplannedLDs.RegardlessofhowLDsareoriginallymapped,userswillneedtohavetheabilitytoconverttheirdatatoeithertheESRIshapefileorgeodatabaseformat.ShapefilesareanopenGISformatcreatedbyESRIwhichcanbereadandexportedbymostGISsoftwareandarethepreferredalternativeforallMDTtools.Formoreinformationonshapefilesseehttp://doc.arcgis.com/en/arcgis-online/reference/shapefiles.htm.ToconvertfromeitheranAutoCadDXFfileorGPXGPSfile,on-linetoolsareavailablehere:http://www.gisconvert.com/oruserscanfollowstepsfoundwithinArcGIShelpdocumentationon“ImportfromCAD(Conversion)”and“GPXToFeatures(Conversion),”respectively.ForQGISusers,documentationonshapefileconversionalsoexistsforDXFfilesathttp://docs.qgis.org/2.8/en/docs/user_manual/plugins/plugins_dxf2shape_converter.html?highlight=dxfandGPXfilesathttp://docs.qgis.org/2.8/en/docs/user_manual/working_with_gps/plugins_gps.html.

Fig.2MDT-Web

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TodigitallyrepresentLDs,MDTrequiresthesefeaturesbeeitheralinearorarea(i.e.polygon)feature.Mappingofthesefeaturesneedstobedoneataminimumpositionalaccuracyof10meterswhichisachievablebymostrecreational-levelGPSreceiversorbyscreendigitizingfromaerialphotographywithaminimumof5meterresolution(i.e.pixelsizeof25m2orless).Mappingwithlesspositionalaccuracy(e.g.50meters)willproduceinaccuraterepresentationoftheLDswhichcouldleadtohighercompensationrequirementsthannecessary.MDTdoesnotlimitusersfromrunninganytoolbasedonpositionalaccuracysinceduringtheplanningphaseitmaybenecessarytoquicklyassesspotentialoffsetcompensationcosts.AllspatialdatausedbyMDTmusthaveacoordinatesystemassociatedwithit.MDTusestheprojectedcoordinatesystem-UTM,Zone48NprojectionbasedontheWGS1984datum(i.e.ESRIname:WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_48NorEPSGWKID:32648).ItisrecommendedallspatialdatabeingusedbyMDTalsousethiscoordinatesystemtoensureproperdatumtransformationsoforiginaldataandavoidotherpotentialprojectionissues.

FeaturerequirementsAllLDsmustberepresentedbyeitheralinearorarea(polygon)featuresandbecontainedwithintheappropriatedataformat(e.g.shapefile).AnexceptiontothisrequirementoccurswhenLDsarewithinafencedarea.ThesefeaturescanbeexcludedaslongasthefencedareacompletelycontainstheseLDsandareonlyaccessiblethroughgatedentrances.AllotherLDsoutsideofthefencedareamuststillbemappedandusedintheanalysis.

AttributionrequirementsToappropriatelyrunMDT,usersmustmaintainstrictattributestandardsassociatedwithmappingLDs.EachlinearorareafeaturemusthaveanattributewhichclassifiesthatLDasoneofthepredefinedtypes,aslistedbyTable1andTable2.Atminimum,anumericcodefieldmustbeaddedandeachfeaturemusthaveoneofthecodedvalueslistedinthetablesbelowassociatedwithit.

Table1.LinearLDTypes.LinearfeaturesrepresentinglanddisturbancesforMOG.Tableidentifiestherequiredcodedvalue,thetypeofLDandthedefinitionofeachtype.

LDCode LDType Definition

1 TransmissionLines Anypowerline,eitherhighorlowvoltage2 Pipeline–Elevated Anypipelinedistributinganycommodityorproductwhichis

elevatedabovetheground3 Pipeline-GroundLevel Anypipelinedistributinganycommodityorproductwhichison

theground4 Pipeline–Buried Anypipelinedistributinganycommodityorproductwhichis

buriedbelowground5 Roads–Paved Anypavedroadway–ifdividedroadway,eachlanemustbe

represented6 Roads-ImprovedDirt Anyimprovedroadwaythatisnotpaved–ifdividedroadway

eachlanemustberepresented

7 Roads-Dirtsingle-track Anysingle–trackdirtroadwaywhichcannoteventuallyturnintoamulti-trackdirtroadwayorwillremainsingle-track

8 Roads-Dirtmulti-track Anymulti–trackdirtroadway.Featureneedstorepresentthecenterormostusedtrack.

9 Railroad Railroadtracks10 OtherLinearInfrastructures Anyotherlinearfeaturenotdescribedabove.

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Table2.AreaLDTypes.AreafeaturesrepresentinglanddisturbancesforMOG.Tableidentifiesrequiredcodedvalue,thetypeofLDandthedefinitionofeachtype.

LDCode LDType Definition

1 City Permanentsettlementwithapopulationofgreaterthan5000people

2 LargeTown Permanentsettlementwithapopulationrangingfrom1000to5000people

3 Town Permanentsettlementwithapopulationlessthan1000people4 TemporaryCamp Temporaryworkercamp

5 FencedAreaEnclosedfencedareaofoperations.Ifotherdisturbancefeaturesfoundwithinfencedarea,thesedonotneedtobeincludedineitherthelinearorareadisturbancefeatures.

6 OfficeFacilities Buildingsusedforoffices7 ProcessingFacilities Buildingsusedinprocessing8 Storage Storagebuildings9 GasStation Facilityusedforfuelingvehicles10 MiningPit Plannedminingpit,allareatobemined.11 OilPad Oilpad12 Piles Tailings,overburden,wasteandotherpiles13 Ponds Settling,processing,storage,otherponds14 Parking–Paved Pavedparking15 Parking–Dirt Dirtparking16 Airportstrip Airportlandingstrip17 Airportbuildings Airportsupportbuildings18 OtherAreaInfrastructures Anyotherareatypefeaturenotdefined.

19 LeachPad Areawhereminedoreiscrushedandirrigatedwithaleachsolutiontodissolvethemetals.

MDTToolsandMethodsforMappingLandDisturbancesTheMDT-DesktophastwotoolswhichassistinmappingLDsandfollowingthenecessarystandards;Step1a–CreateLandDisturbanceDataandtheStep1b–CheckLandDisturbanceData(seeMDT-DesktopHelpDocumentformoreinformation).TheStep1a–CreateLandDisturbanceDatatoolcreatesafilegeodatabasewithinauser-definedfolderandcreatesbothLDfeatureclasses(i.e.areaandlinear)withinthegeodatabase.Additionallyitcreatesattributedomainswithinthegeodatabaseandassignsthesetotheappropriatefeatureclassfield.ThisgivesusersguidanceonselectingtheLDtypeidentifiedinTables1and2whendigitizingthesefeatures.

TheStep1b–CheckLandDisturbanceDatatoolallowsuserstochecktheirLDdataforerrorsormissingparameterspriortousingthesedatainothertoolswithintheMDT-Desktop.ThetoolproduceswarningmessageswhenselectedLDshaveissueswhichwillbehandledbytheapplicationandproduceserrormessagesforthosedataerrorswhichwillnotallowfortheLDstobeusedbytheapplication.ThistoolmainlysupportsuserswhoimportdatafromotherapplicationsandwanttoruntheMDT-Desktop.

ThecreationofLDdataisnotsupportedwithintheMDT-WebapplicationhoweverstepsfordatacreationareexplainedforusingQGIS(seeQGISStepswithMDT-WebToolandAppendixF–TutorialforQGIS2.8Usersformoreinformation).TheUploadandCheckLandDisturbanceDatatoolwithintheMDT-WeballowsuserstouploadLDdatacreatedfromGISordesignsoftwaretothewebtoolandthenchecktheirLDdataforattributionerrorspriortousingthesedata.ThetoolallowsuserstouploadazipfilecontainingoneortwoshapefilesrepresentingtheLDs.TheuserthenidentifiestheattributefieldcontainingLDcodesassociatedwitheachfeature(i.e.Tables1and2).

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Finallyiferrorsarefound,theapplicationwillidentifytheseerrorssotheusercanmodifytheirdatatomeettheattributestandards.FormoreinformationonthistoolseetheMDT-WebHelpdocument.

Step2-CalculateProjectImpactAreaandMagnitudeThesecondstepoftheMOGrequirescompaniestocalculatethecumulativeareaofimpactbytheplanneddevelopmentandcategorizethisareaintothreemagnitudezonesofhigh,medium,andlow.Thisisaccomplishedinafour-stepprocess;1)theimpactareaforeachLDismappedbasedontheassignedmaximumimpactdistance,2)withintheLDimpactarea,adistantdecayfunctionisusedtoassigncontinuousimpactmagnitudevaluesbasedonthedistancefromtheLDandassignedimpactweight,3)allcontinuousimpactvaluesarecombinedwiththehighestimpactmagnitudevalue,incasesofoverlappingvalues,beingassigned,and4)thecombinedcontinuousimpactvaluesareplacedintothethreemagnitudezonesofhigh,medium,andlow.

AssignedLDImpactParametersToderiveafinalprojectimpactareaandmagnitude,threeparametersneededtobeassignedforeachidentifiedLDtype;maximumimpactdistance,impactweight,andadistantdecayfunction(Table3).AllthreeofthesevariableswerebasedonexpertopinionsrelatedtodevelopmentwithinMongolia.ThemaximumimpactdistanceisanestimateinmetersonthedistancefromanLDwhereimpactsarenolongerinfluencedbythatparticulardisturbance.Theimpactweight,limitedtooneofthreevalues(i.e.300,200,and100)differentiatestheintensitythedisturbancehasontheenvironmentincomparisontootherdisturbanceswithaweightof300beingthehighestpotentialweight.Thedistancedecayfunctioncanbeoneofthreetypes(i.e.gradual,moderate,andabrupt)andareusedtocalculatethecontinuousimpactvaluesforeachLD.Theseexponentialformulasproduceimpactvaluesthatdecreaseasthedistancefromthedisturbanceincreases.Therateatwhichvaluesdecreasevariesbasedontheselecteddecayfunction.Forexample,theabruptformulaproducecontinuousimpactvaluesthatrapidlydecreaseswhilethegradualformuladisplaysamoregraduallydecreaseinthevaluesasmovingawayfromthedisturbance(Fig.3).

Table3.LDtypeswithassignedmaximumimpactdistanceinmeters,impactweight,anddistantdecayfunction.

Group LandDisturbanceType FeatureType

LDCode

MaxImpactDistance(m) ImpactWeight DistantDecay

Function

Settlemen

ts City Area 1 10,000 300 Gradual

LargeTown Area 2 5,000 300 GradualTown Area 3 2,500 300 Gradual

TemporaryCamp Area 4 1,000 300 Gradual

Ope

ratio

ns

FencedArea Area 5 1,000 300 Moderate

OfficeFacilities Area 6 100 300 GradualProcessingFacilities Area 7 300 300 GradualStorage Area 8 100 300 ModerateGasStation Area 9 100 300 GradualMiningPit Area 10 1,000 300 GradualOilPad Area 11 150 300 ModeratePiles Area 12 300 300 GradualPonds Area 13 100 300 ModerateLeachPad Area 19 300 300 GradualParking-Paved Area 14 100 300 AbruptParking-Dirt Area 15 200 300 Gradual

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OtherOperations Area 18 100 300 ModerateInfrastructure

Airportstrip Area 16 100 300 GradualAirportbuildings Area 17 100 300 ModerateTransmissionLines Linear 1 100 100 AbruptPipeline-Elevated Linear 2 100 200 AbruptPipeline-GroundLevel Linear 3 100 300 AbruptPipeline-Buried Linear 4 100 100 AbruptRoads-Paved Linear 5 100 300 AbruptRoads-ImprovedDirt Linear 6 200 200 ModerateRoads-Dirtsingle-track Linear 7 100 100 ModerateRoads-Dirtmulti-track Linear 8 250 100 GradualRailroad Linear 9 100 300 AbruptOtherLinearInfrastructures Linear 10 100 200 Moderate

Fig.3–Relativedistancedecayfunctioncurvesshowingtheimpactvalueasapercentoftheassigneddisturbanceweight(i.e.y-axis)anddistanceasapercenttotalassignedimpactdistance(i.e.x-axis).Forexampleifadisturbancehadanassignedimpactweightof100,maximumimpactdistanceof500meters,andadecayfunctionofgradual,theimpactvalueat250metersawayfromthedisturbance(i.e.50%totaldistance)wouldbe50or50%of100.

MDTMethodsforCalculatingProjectImpactAreaandMagnitudeBoththeMDT-DesktopandMDT-Webusethesamemethodtocalculatetheprojectimpactareaandmagnitude.EachusestheinputLDdataandassignedLDimpactparameters(i.e.impactdistance,impactweight,anddecayfunction)toderivetheimpactareafollowingtheprocessdescribedbelow.

LDImpactAreaTocalculatetheLDimpactarea,aEuclidiandistancerasterisgeneratedwitha10meterresolution.Thisrasteridentifiesthestraight-linedistanceanyrasterpixel’scellcentroidisfromtheLD.Thevaluesofthisrastercanrangefrom0,indicatingthelocationofthedisturbance,uptothemaximumimpactdistanceassignedfortheLD.A10

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Fig.4Projectimpactareaexample.

meterresolutionwasselectedduetobeingsimilartothewidthofthesmallestmappedlinearLDs(i.e.dirt-roads,pipelines,etc.).

LDContinuousImpactMagnitudeRasterOncetheLDimpactareaisproduced,thisrasterdatasetisthenusedtoderiveacontinuousimpactmagnituderasterforeachLD.ThisprocessisdonebyselectingtheassigneddistancedecayfunctionforanLDandapplyingittoeachpixelvalue(i.e.Euclidiandistance)foundwithintheLDimpactarea.Theformulasandvariablesassociatedwitheacharelistedbelow:

Abrupt:(1/(1+Exp(((Distance/(Max_Distance/20))-1)*5)))*Weight

Moderate:(1/(1+Exp((Distance/(Max_Distance/20))-5)))*Weight

Gradual:(1/(1+Exp(((Distance/(Max_Distance/20))-10)*0.5)))*Weight

VariableDescriptions: Distance=distancefromdisturbanceinmeters,Max_Distance=assignedmaximumimpactdistancefordisturbanceinmeters,

Weight=assignedimpactweightEachformulareliesonthreevariables:1)thedistancefromthedisturbance,2)theassignedmaximumimpactdistance,and3)theweightforagivenlanddisturbance.Beforemultiplyingtheweight,eachformulacalculatesaninversed,exponentialvaluebetweenzeroandonewiththevalueapproachingzeroasitmovesawayfromtheLDandreachesthemaximumimpactdistance.Thisfractionalvalueisthenmultipliedbytheimpactweighttoassignthecontinuousimpactmagnitudevalueforthatparticulardistancefromthedisturbance.

FinalProjectImpactAreaandMagnitudeOncethecontinuousimpactmagnituderasterhasbeencalculatedforeachdisturbance,theserasterdatasetsaremergedtocreateonecombinedcontinuousimpactmagnituderaster.Forthoseoverlappingrasterpixelswithassignedvalues,thehighestimpactmagnitudevaluewasselectedandplacedinthefinalimpactraster.Thisrasterwasthenclassifiedbyequalintervalsintothreecategories:high,medium,andlow.Thisreclassifiesthehighest1/3ofimpactmagnitudevaluesinthehighcategory,thenext1/3inmedium,andthelowest1/3ofvaluesinthelowcategory.Tocalculatefinaloffsetcosts,cellvalueswereassignedtooneofthreeimpactmagnitudezones:high-30,medium-20,andlow-10(Fig.4).

MDTToolsandOutputforCalculatingProjectImpactAreaandMagnitudeAlthoughbothMDTversionsusethesamemethodsforcreatingtheprojectimpactareaandmagnitude,theMDT-

Desktophasaspecifictoolforcreatingthesedata,theStep2-CalculateProjectImpactAreawhereastheMDT-Webcombinesthisprocesswithintheoffsetanalysistoincreaseefficienciesindataprocessingandwebdatatransfer.Outputfromeitherproducesarasterdatasetwiththreeuniquevaluesof30,20,and10whichisthenusedintheoffsetcompensationcalculationanalysis.

Step3–CalculateOffsetCompensationandPotentialLocations

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ThefinalstepoftheMOGistocalculatetheoffsetcompensationrequiredtocomplywiththeregulationandoffsettheprojectimpacts.Additionallydeterminingwheretooffsetbecomesanimportantconsiderationwhendirectingcompensation.WithintheMOG,stepshavebeenidentifiedtocalculateoffsetcompensationandarefollowedbytheMDT.Withregardstoidentifyingwheretooffset,noguidanceisprovidedbytheMOG.TNCthereforecreateditsownmethodologyforidentifyingpotentialoffsetlocationswhichisdescribedhere.Itisimportanttonotethisisjustonemethodologyforlocatingoffsetsandnotnecessarilythedefinitiveone.

OffsetCompensationTocalculatetherequiredamountofcompensationnecessarytomeettheMOG,thecumulativeimpactareaandmagnitudezonesneedtobecomparedspatiallywiththefourlocationaloffsetfactors;EcosystemCategory,LandscapeCondition,HabitatType,andLandscapePriority.Additionallythedurationofimpactsarefactoredintothecompensationbasedonplacingallimpactsintooneofthreetemporalcategories(i.e.short-term,medium,andlong-term).Thesefivefactorsarethenusedtoderiveafinaloffsetcompensationvaluebyusingtheassignedoffsetratiomatrixbasedonwhichimpactmagnitudezonefallswithinwhichofthreecategoriesassociatedwitheachfactor.

LocationalOffsetFactorsThelocationaloffsetfactorsarefourspatiallyexplicitdatasetsderivedfromnationalandERAspecificdatawhichdividetheMongolianlandscapeintothreecategoriesofbiodiversityimportance.Thesecategorieswhilenameddifferentlyforeachfactorhavethesameoffsetratiorequirementswhencalculatingcompensation;i.e.thehighestcategoryrequiresa3to1offset,themediumcategoryrequires1.5to1,andfinallythelowcategoryrequiresa0.2to1.Forexampleifimpactsoccurwithinthehighestcategoryonehectareofimpactwouldrequire3hectaresofoffset.EachlocationalfactorisdevelopedbyaprocessidentifiedwithintheMOG.BelowisabriefdescriptionofthisprocesswithmoredetailsbeingavailableinAppendixA:GISStepsforCalculatingLocationalOffsetFactors.

EcosystemCategoryThisfactorclassifiesecosystemsintothreecategories;UniqueRare,orCommonwithUniquebeingthehighestoffsetcost.TheclassificationisbasedonacombinationofecosystemfunctionandrarityasdeterminedbyexpertopinionforeachofthethreeERAregions(i.e.Gobi,Grasslands,andWest-Central).Ingeneral,theuniquecategoryhasbeenassignedtoanylandfeatureshavingwateratornearthesurfacewhiletherarecategoryareallforestedlands.Allotherclassificationswithafewexceptions(i.e.cindercones,desertsairs,andwetbarrensaltpans)wereplacedintothecommoncategory.

LandscapeConditionThisfactorclassifiesaregionintothreecategoriesofcumulativehumandisturbancebasedonaMongolia-wideDisturbanceIndex;Good,Moderate,andPoorwithGoodbeingthemostcostlytooffset.Theleastdisturbed50%ofthelandscapeisclassifiedasGood;themostdisturbed5%ofthelandscapeisclassifiedasPoor;andtheremainingareaisclassifiedasModerate(i.e.50%-95%).

HabitatTypeThisfactorclassifiesaregionintothreecategories;Critical,NaturalorModifiedwithCriticalbeingthemostcostlytooffset.Thisdatasetisderivedfromthreedatasets:NationalProtectedAreas,ProposedNationalProtectedAreas,andtheMongolia-wideDisturbanceIndex.AreaswithineithertheNationalProtectedAreasorProposedNationalProtectedAreasarecategorizedascriticalhabitat.Themostdisturbed5%ofthelandscape,basedontheMongolia-wideDisturbanceIndex,isclassifiedasmodifiedhabitat.Allotherareasareclassifiedasnaturalhabitat.

LandscapePriorityThisfactorclassifiesMongoliaintothreecategories;High,Medium,orLowandisbasedonproximitytoeitherthenationalprotectedareas(NPAs)ortheproposednationalprotectedareas(PNPAs).Thehighcategorywhichisthehighesttooffsetisassociatedwithanylandscurrentlyprotectedatthenationalleverorbeingproposedtobe

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protectedatthislevel.Alllandsfoundwithin20kmofthehighcategoryareplacedinthemediumcategory.Finally,thelowcategoryistheremainingareamorethan20kmfromtheNPAsorPNPAs.

MethodsforCalculatingOffsetCompensationBothapplications(i.e.MDT-DesktopandMDT-Web)calculatetheoffsetcompensationusingthesameprocess.ThisfivestepprocessislistedbelowwitheachstepreferencingTable4tofurtherexplainthesesteps.

Step1–Calculatethehectaresforeachlocationaloffsetfactorimpacted.Thisrequireseachofthefourlocationaloffsetfactorsbeintersectedbythethreemagnitudezonesofthecumulativeimpactarea.Duetoeachoffsetfactorhavingthreecategories,thisprocesspotentiallyproducesninepossiblecombinationsforwhichthetotalhectaresfoundineachneedstobecalculated(Table4-A,-B,-Cand–D).

Step2–Assigndurationofimpacts.Thedurationofimpactisdefinedbytheuseraseither:permanentorlong-term(operationformorethan20years),mediumduration(operationfor5to20years),andlimitedduration(operationforlessthan5years).Thedurationisbasedonhowlongtheprojectwilloperateandnotthedurationofeachdisturbancefeatureresultingfromtheproject(e.g.minepitsandtailingpiles).Oncedurationisselected,thehectaresassociatedwiththethreeimpactmagnitudezonesareplacedunderthatdurationcategory(Table4-E)

Step3–Summarizetotalhectares.Allfivetablesarenowsummedforeachpossiblecombinationproducingthetotalhectaresassociatedwitheachofthepotentialninecategories.

Step4–Calculateoffsetunits.Usingtheoveralloffsetratioscreatedbymultiplyingthecumulativeimpactzoneratiosbytheoffsetfactorratios(Table4-G),eachcategories’summedhectares(derivedinStep3)ismultipliedbytheassociatedratiotoproduceanoffsetunitvalueforeachoftheninepossiblecombination(Table4-H).

Step5–Calculateoffsetcostsperyear.FinallythetotaloffsetunitsrequiredbytheMOGarecalculatedbysummingalltheoffsetunitsderivedinStep4.Thisvalueisthenmultipliedbythe$5/offsetunitcosttoproducetheyearlyoffsetcostsassociatedwiththisimpact.

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Table4.Calculationofoffsetcostsforahypotheticaldevelopmentproject.Thecumulativeimpactareais100hawiththethreezonesofmagnitude:high-50ha,medium-10ha,andlow-40ha.Theprojectlifeisestimatedat14years.TablesA–Eshowscross-tabulateareaderivedfromtheintersectionofimpactzonesandthelocationalandtemporaloffsetfactors.SectionFcontainsthetotalhectaresofalloffsetfactors(i.e.sumofSectionsA-E).SectionGliststheoffsetmultipliersdefinedbytheoffsetregulation.SectionHcontainstheoffsetunits=FxG.TableIisthefinaloffsetcost=totaloffsetunitsmultipliedbythecostperoffsetunit.

A) ImpactArea/EcosystemCategory Unique Rare Common

highimpact 20 10 20

mediumimpact 2 4 4

lowimpact 10 20 10

B) ImpactArea/LandscapeCondition Good Moderate Poor

highimpact 5 15 30

mediumimpact 1 3 6

lowimpact 10 15 15

C) ImpactArea/HabitatType Critical Natural Modified

highimpact 15 15 20

mediumimpact 5 5 0

lowimpact 15 5 20

D) ImpactArea/LandscapePriority High Medium Low

highimpact 10 20 20

mediumimpact 5 2 3

lowimpact 10 15 25

E) ImpactArea/DurationofOperation Long Medium Short

highimpact 0 50 0

mediumimpact 0 10 0

lowimpact 0 40 0

F) TotalHectares(A+B+C+D+E) High Medium Low

highimpact 50 110 90

mediumimpact 13 24 13

lowimpact 45 95 70

G) OffsetMultipliers High(3) Medium(1.5) Low(0.2)

highimpact(1) 3 1.5 0.2

mediumimpact(0.66) 1.98 0.99 0.132

lowimpact(0.33) 0.99 0.495 0.066

H) OffsetUnits(FxG) High Medium Low

highimpact 150 165 18

mediumimpact 25.74 23.76 1.716

lowimpact 44.55 47.025 4.62

I) TotalOffsetCosts

TotalOffsetUnits: 480.411 OffsetcostperUnit: $5 TotalOffsetCosts: $2,402

PotentialOffsetLocationsBothMDTapplicationsnotonlycalculateoffsetcompensationbutalsoprovideamethodforidentifyingpotentialoffsetlocationsforwhichthesefundscouldbeallocatedtowards.TheselocationswillalwaysbeasubsetofeithertheNPAsorPNPAs.Theselectionofpotentialoffsetlocationsisdonebymatchingthetypeandareaofecosystemsimpactedbytheproject(i.e.alllandswithintheprojectimpactarea)withthoseNPAsorPNPAswhichhavethesame

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ecosystemsandatminimumthesamehectaresofecosystemswithinthem.Thisselectionprocessisdoneatthreelevelsbasedonwheretheimpactsoccur.FirstallimpactsoccurringwithinanERA(i.e.Gobi,Grasslands,West-Central)arematchedwithanyNPAsorPNPAsfoundwithinthatparticularERAboundary.NextimpactsoccurringwithinanAimagarematchedwithonlythoseNPAsorPNPAsfoundinthatparticularAimag.FinallyimpactsoccurringwithinaSoumarematchedwithonlythoseNPAsorPNPAsfoundwithinthatparticularSoum.AlthoughseveralpotentialoffsetlocationsatthreegeographiclevelscanbeidentifiedbytheMDT,itisTNC’srecommendationthatpriorityforoffsettingbedirectedtowardcthoselocationsclosesttotheimpactedarea.

MethodsforCalculatingthePotentialOffsetLocationsInordertoefficientlymaketheoffsetselections,bothapplications(i.e.MDT-DesktopandMDT-Web)relyonthreederiveddatasetshavingthenecessarysummarizedecosystemhectaresfromwhichtomatchtheecosystemsimpacted.InitiallyadatasetcontainingboththeNPAsandPNPAswithineachofthethreeERAsisintersectedwithecosystemsdatasetproducedforthatparticularERAandthehectaresofeachecosystemfoundintheNPAsandPNPAsarecalculated(Fig.5).ThisdatasetwouldthenbeusedforselectingpotentialimpactsattheERAlevel.ThissameprocessisthendonewiththeNPAsandPNPAshowevertheseareasarefurtherdividedbyboththeAimagandSoumboundarieswiththeseintersectingareashavingtheecosystemssummarizedandusedintheselectionprocess(Fig.6&7).

Fig.5.SummarizingecosystemsattheGobiERA-levelforallNationalProtectedAreasandProposedProtectedAreas.

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Fig.6EcosystemSummariesatAimagLevel

Fig.7EcosystemSummariesattheSoumLevel

MDTToolsandOutputforCalculatingOffsetCompensationandPotentialLocationsTheMDT-Desktopseparatestheoffsetcompensationandlocationidentificationintotwoseparatetools,Step3–CalculateOffsetCostReportandStep4(optional)–IdentifyPotentialOffsetSites.Bycomparison,theMDT-Webapplicationrunsbothoftheseprocessesandcreatestheprojectimpactareawithinonetool,theOffsetAnalysistool.WhiletheMDT-Desktopreturnsboththeoffsetcostreportandthepotentialoffsetsitelocationsdirectlytotheuser,theMDT-WebreliesonemailingoutputtotheuseronceallprocessesarecompletedontheTNCserverhostingtheapplication.Regardlessoftheapplicationused,eachwillreturnthesameformattedoutputwithanhtmloffsetcompensationcostreportandshapefilesidentifyingthepotentialoffsetlocation.Duetogeneralizationtechniquesrequiredtopassdatatothewebserver,thecostreportsproducedforthesameLDsmayhaveveryslightdifferences.

MDTOffsetCostReportTheMDTOffsetCostReportisanhtmldocumentwithtwomainheadings;OffsetCostsandLandDisturbanceImpacts(Figs.8-10).Theusercanjumptoeachcategorybyclickingontheheadingsunderthetitleofreport.TheOffsetCostsectionidentifiesthetotaloffsetcostsrequiredbyfollowingtheMOGandbreaksthesecostsdownaccordingtoeachoffsetfactor(Figs.8-9).TheDisturbanceImpactssectionoftheMDTCostReport(Fig.10)identifiestheimpactareadatasetusedforthereportandthecumulativehectaresforeachimpactcategory.AdditionallythissectionidentifieswhatpercentageoftheimpactsoccurswithineachSoumandidentifiesthe

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ecosystemsimpactedwithineachSoum.DuetotheecosystemsdataoriginatingfromthreeERAs,thenameoftheERAassociatedwiththeimpactedecosystemsisalsolistedintheheading.

TheOffsetCostssectionoftheMDTreport(Figs.8-9)totalstheoffsetunitsrequiredfortheprojectimpactarea,liststhecostperunitforoffsetting(i.e.$5/unit),andtotalsthefinalperyearoffsetcosts.Additionallyitdetailshowthetotaloffsetunitsarederivedbyprovidingtablesforeachoffsetfactorusedinthecalculation(i.e.ecosystemcategory,habitattype,landscapecondition,landscapeposition,andprojectduration).Eachoffsetfactortableidentifiestheimpactcategoryontheleftandtheoffsetfactorcategoryatthetop.Inparenthesisistheassociatedratiorequiredforeachimpactandfactorcategory.Foreachpossiblecombinationofimpactandoffsetfactorcategory(e.g.High/Unique,High/Rare,High/Common,etc.),theamountofactualhectaresiscalculatedandplacedinthecolumnActual(ha).Anoffsetunitvalueisthencalculatedbasedontheratiosassociatedforeachcombinationandtheactualhectares.ThisoffsetunitvalueisthenplacedinthecolumnOffsetUnits.ForexampleusingFig.8,thecombinationcategoryofHigh/UniqueundertheEcosystemCategorytablehasidentified539.36hectares.Toobtaintheoffsetunitsrequiredforthiscombination,539.36hectareswouldbemultipliedby1sincethatistheHighcategoryfortheImpactAreaandthenby3sincethisistheUniquecategoryfortheEcosystemCategoryfactorthusequaling1,686offsetunits(i.e.1*3*539.36=1618.08,roundedto1,618offsetunits).Theoffsetunitsforallninepossiblecombinationsaresummedtogetherandtotaledatthebottomofeachfactortable.Sincetheuserpre-selectsoneofthethreepossibleprojectdurationfactors,theProjectDurationtable(bottomofFig.9)hasonlythreepossiblecombinationsforwhichtheoffsetsunitsaresummed.Thetotaloffsetunitsarethencalculatedbysummingthetotalsforeachofthefiveoffsetfactors.Thistotaloffsetunitvalueismultipliedbytheoffsetunitcost(i.e.$5/offsetunit)toderivethefinalyearlyoffsetcosttotal.

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Fig.8MDTOffsetCostReportExample–OffsetCostsection

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Fig.9MDTOffsetCostReportExample–OffsetCostsection(continued)

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MDTPotentialOffsetSitesBothapplicationsgeneratespatialdatasetsintheESRIshapefileformatidentifyingpotentialoffsetsitesatthreelevels(i.e.ERA,Aimag,andSoum).ForexampleinFig.11,thereisashapefileidentifyingoffsetsitesattheGobiERAlevel,theDornogoviAimaglevel,andtheUlaanbadraxSoumlevel.TheseshapefilesfollowthenamingconventionofOffSites_In_<ERAName>_ERA,OffSites4_<AimagName>_in<ERAName>,andOffSites4_<SoumName>_in<ERAName>.Iftherearenomatchingoffsetsitesfoundwithinanyoftheselevels,thenthatparticularlevelisnotcreated.

Fig.10MDTOffsetCostReportExample–LandDisturbanceImpactssection

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EachpotentialoffsetdatasetwillhaveprotectionstatusofthesiteintheCategoryfieldwithvaluesindicatingwhetherthesiteisaNationalProtectedAreaorProposedNPA.Additionallyeachdatasetwillhavethenameofthesite(i.e.Namefield)andtheshorteststraight-linedistancefromportfoliositeboundarytoimpactedareaboundaryarea(i.e.dist_awayfield).FinallyfortheAimagandSoumpotentialoffsetsites,nameofeachwillbelocatedwiththeattributetabletoo.

Fig.11Exampleshapefilesforthreelevelsofpotentialoffsetsites.

AvoidanceAnalysisCriticalbeforecompaniesmoveintooffsettingimpactsistheneedforthemtofirstlookatwaystoavoidorminimizetheimpactspriorandduringdevelopment.BoththeMDT-DesktopandMDT-Webprovideuserswiththeabilitytoexaminedatatopotentiallylimittheiroffsetcostswhilealsoavoidingimportantandlegally-limitinglandscapes.

AvoidanceData–CumulativeOffsetFactorandDevelopmentRestrictionsTheMDTapplicationsusesixdatasetstoidentifythoselandswhichbylawarerestrictedtomining;nationalprotectedareas(NPAs),localspecialprotectedareas(LSPAs),headwaterareas(HAs),forestedareas(FAs),andriparian/wetlandareas(RAs).Restrictionsorcompleteavoidancemaybeneededfordevelopinginorneartheseareasandthusidentifyingpotentialconflictwithintheseareaspriortodevelopmentallowsforcompaniestomitigatetheseissuesbeforeinvestingheavilyintheproposeddevelopment.BoththeNPAsandLSPAsareupdatedwithintheapplicationsonayearlybasistoreflectanychangesoccurringacrossMongolia.TheHAs,FAs,andRAswereproducedbyMongoliaWWFandMEGDtorepresentareasidentifiedbyMongolialawprohibitingtheexplorationandexploitationofmineralswithinheadwaterareas,protectedzonesofwaterfundandforestfundandrehabilitationoftheseareas.FormoreinformationonhowthesedatawerecreatedcontactedMongoliaWWForMEGD.

TohelpcompanieslowerpotentialoffsetcostsassociatedwithplannedLDs,thecumulativeoffsetfactors(COF)datasetwascreated.COFisarasterdatasethavingvaluesbasedonsummingoffsetratiosofallfourlocationaloffsetfactors(describedabove)whichproducescellvaluesrangingfrom0.8-cellswhichallfourfactorsidentifyasleastimportantandthereforewillrequirethelowestcompensation,to12.0-cellswhichallfourfactorsconsiderveryimportantandthusrequirethehighestcompensation.Althoughthesearejustrelativeoffsetratiovalues,theydoindicatedirectlywhereimpactswillultimatelybemostcostlytooffsetandthusgiveguidanceforavoidance.

MDT-AvoidanceToolsandOutput

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BoththeMDT-DesktopandMDTWebgivesuserstheabilitytoassessalllanddisturbancesusedintheanalysis.FortheMDT-DesktopthisisdonewiththeCompareLandDisturbancestoolwhiletheMDT-WebusestheAvoidanceAnalysistool.Bothproducethesameoutput,apolygonfeatureclassrepresentedbybufferingtheinputtedLDs.BufferdistancesarebasedontheassignedmaximumimpactdistanceforeachLD(seeStep2-CalculatingProjectImpactAreaandMagnitudesection)witheachpolygonhavingtheoriginalattributesofthefeaturebeingbufferedandtennewfields:buff_dist,LinkID,mdt_avgCat,mdt_avg,mdt_TCRank,mdt_sum,mdt_PAs,mdt_FAs,mdt_HAs,andmdt_RAs.Table5describeshoweachfieldiscreated.Themdt_avgCat,mdt_avg,mdt_TCRank,mdt_sumfieldsprovideamethodtorelativelycomparetheLDsamongeachotherbasedoneitheraverageortotalpotentialoffsetfactorvalue.AgainthisvalueismoretoprovideguidanceoncomparingpotentialLDcontributiontothetotalpotentialoffsetcostanddoesnotindicatetheactualfinaloffsetcostssincethiswillbedeterminedbytheimpactmagnitudeoftheoveralldevelopment(seeStep3–CalculateOffsetCompensationandPotentialLocationsection).

Table5.Fielddescriptionsforfieldsproducedwhenrunningavoidanceanalysis.

FieldName Values Description

buff_dist VariableDistanceusedforcalculatingimpactsspecifictothatLD.AssignedbasedonTable3valuesfoundwithinthecolumnMaxImpactDistanceassociatedwithanLD

LinkID Variabletext

Identifiesthedisturbancefeaturethebufferareaisderivedfrom,forexampleP_0wouldindicatedthisimpactareawasderivedfromthefirstareadisturbancewhereasL_0indicatesthatfeaturewasderivedfromthefirstlineardisturbance.

mdt_avgCat

High–mdt_avg>8.3

Medium–mdt_avg>4.5andmdt_avg<=8.3

Low–mdt_avg<=4.5

CategoricaldescriptionbasedontheaverageoffsetscorewithintheLDbufferedfeature.Derivedbycategorizingthecalculatedmdt_avgfield.

mdt_avg 12(highest)-0.08(lowest)Theaverage,cumulativeoffsetfactorvaluescreatedbycalculatingtheaverageofallcellvalueswithintheLDbufferedfeature.

mdt_TCRankordinalrank1(leasewithhighesttotalcost)

Theordinalrankingofthecalculatedmdt_sumfield.

mdt_sum VariableThetotal,cumulativeoffsetfactorvaluecreatedbycalculatingthesumofallcellvalueswithintheLDbufferedfeature.

mdt_PAs

0-NonationalorlocalspecialprotectedareaswithinbufferedLD

1-LocalspecialprotectedareasfoundwithinbufferedLD

2-Nationalprotectedareasfound

IndicatesLDbufferoverlapseitheranationalprotectedareasoralocalspecialprotectedarea.

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withinbufferedLD

3-BothlocalandnationalprotectedareafoundwithinbufferedLD

mdt_FAs

0-Noforestedareaslocatedwithinimpact.

1-Forestedareaslocatedwithinimpact.

IndicatesLDbufferoverlapswithforestedareas.

mdt_HAs

0-Noheadwaterareaslocatedwithinimpact.

1-Headwaterareaslocatedwithinimpact.

IndicatesLDbufferoverlapswithheadwaterareas.

mdt_RAs

0-Noriparianorwetareaslocatedwithinimpact.

1-Riparianorwetareaslocatedwithinimpact.

IndicatesLDbufferoverlapswithriparianorwetareas.

TheMDT-Desktopalsoprovidesanadditionalavoidancetoolwhichallowsuserstocomparepotentialmineralleases.ThiscanbedonebyusingtheCompareLeasestool.Theuserselectsapolygonfeatureclassrepresentingtheleasestocompareandselectsanoutputfortheanalysis.SimilartothehowtheMDTcalculatestheLDavoidancedata,eightnewfieldsareincludedwithinthenewoutputtedfeatureclass:mdt_avgCat,mdt_avg,mdt_TCRank,mdt_sum,andmdt_PAs,mdt_FAs,mdt_HAs,andmdt_RAs.ThesefieldsarecalculatedinthesamemethodologyastheCompareLandDisturbances(seeTable5)butusingleaseboundariesinsteadofthebufferedLDs.Theactualoffsetcostswillbedeterminedbythelocationandtypesofdisturbancesfoundwithintheleaseboundary.

MongoliaOffsetRegulation–GeneralGISSteps

ArcGISStepswithMDT-DesktopToolStep1(OptionA)–CreateLandDisturbanceDatafromothersoftware

1. Convertdisturbancedatatoshapefileformatorcreate.2. Projectbothyourlinearandareashapefilessotheyareusingtheprojectedcoordinatesystem-UTM,Zone

48NprojectionbasedontheWGS1984datum.3. CreateacodefieldwhichcanholdintegervaluesandassignthesevaluesbasedontheLDcodesbasedon

Table1-LinearLDTypesandTable2–AreaLDTypes)4. CheckdatabyrunningLandDisturbanceDataChecktool.Outputoftoolwillidentifypotentialerrorswith

dataandpossiblerestrictionstodevelopmentbasedondisturbances.5. Fixnecessaryerrors.

Step1(OptionB)-CreateLandDisturbanceDatausingArcGIS1. RunCreateLandDisturbanceDatatool.2. UsecreatedLDfeatureclassestodigitizelanddisturbance.3. AssignLDcodeusingdomainsassociatedwithLD_CodefieldcreatedforeachLDfeatureclass.

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Step2–ModifyLDstominimizeoffsetcostsandavoiddevelopmentrestrictions1. RunCompareLandDisturbancestool2. WhenpossibleeditLDstoavoidhighcumulativeoffsetfactorvaluesandrestricteddevelopmentareas.

Step3-CreateCumulativeImpactAreaandMagnitudedatasetRunStep2–CalculateProjectImpactstool

Step4-CalculateOffsetReportRunStep3–CalculateOffsetReporttool

Step5–IdentifyPotentialOffsetSites RunStep4–IdentifyPotentialOffsetSitestool.

QGISStepswithMDT–WebTool(FormoredetailsonusingQGISseeAppendixD–TutorialforQGIS2.12Users)

Step1–CreateLDData1. CreateLDfeaturesinshapefileformatusingQGISdigitizingtools.2. Assignappropriatecodesforeachdisturbancetype(seeIdentifyPlannedDisturbancesectionofthis

document).Step2–PlaceallfilesassociatedwithLDshapefilesinazipfile.

Createonezipfilecontainingallfilesassociatedwiththelinearandareashapefiledata.

Step3–OpenMDT-Webapplication.Usingyourpreferredwebbrowser,openhttp://s3.amazonaws.com/DevByDesign-Web/MappingAppsVer2/MDT_Mongolia/index.html

Step4–UploadandtestzipfilewithinMDT-Web1. UsingtheUploadLandDisturbancesDatatoolfromtheMDTAnalysismenu,usetheBrowsebuttonto

uploadyourzipfile.2. ClickontheRunLDCheckbuttontocheckLDdatauploaded.3. FixanyattributionerrorswithinMDT-Webbyclickingonfeature.4. Re-runLDCheck.5. Repeatprocessuntilanalysisreportsdataareerrorfree.

Step5-RuntheOffsetAnalysistool1. Inputthethreerequiredfields:

a. projectlife,b. projectname,c. Emailaddress.

2. ClickontheRunOffsetAnalysisbutton.3. TheInternetapplicationwillrunanalysistoproducecumulativeimpactarea,offsetreport,andpotential

offsetsites.Alldataincludingthelanddisturbancesdatauploadedwillbepackagedwithinazipfilewhichisemailedtotheuser.OnceuserclicksontheRunOffsetAnalysisbutton,theanalysiswillrunregardlessiftheuserclosestheirwebbrowser.

Step6–UncompressedzipfileandexaminedatainQGIS

AppendicesA-F

AppendixA:GISStepsforCalculatingLocationalOffsetFactors

EcosystemCategory

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Description:Thisfactorclassifiesecosystemsintothreecategories;Unique,Rare,orCommonwithUniquebeingthehighestoffsetcost.TheclassificationisbasedonacombinationofecosystemfunctionandrarityasdeterminedbyexpertopinionforeachofthethreeERAregions(i.e.Gobi,Grasslands,andWest-Central).Originallythisfactorwasbasedstrictlyonpercentareaofecosystemfoundwithinabiogeographicalregion.Thishoweverdidnotaccountfortheuniquevalues(ecosystemservices,habitat)ofwetlandsandmanytimesartificiallyinflatedrakingsofecosystemswhichwerefoundontheedgeoftheirrange.TheTableA1belowidentifiestheselectedclassificationsforallecosystemsclassifiedbyERAsinMongolia:

TableA1.SummaryofecosystemtypesacrossMongoliaandtheassociatedoffsetcategoryassignedtothistypeforMDTApplications.

EcosystemType OffsetCategorydesertdenseveg Uniquedesertwetshrubs Uniquedryriverbed Uniqueendorheiclakes Uniqueendorheicwetareas Uniqueephemerallakes Uniquefloodplains Uniquelakes Uniquemountainvalleys Uniqueripariandensevegetation Uniqueriverineforest Uniqueriverinemeadow Uniqueriverineshrub Uniqueseepsdensevegetation Uniquesmallstreamriparian Uniquewater Uniquewetareas Uniquewetdepressions,largebasins>1,000km2 Uniquewetdepressions,smallbasins100-1,000km2 Uniquealpinemeadowandsubalpinewoodland Rarecindercones Raredesertsairs Raredesertwetbarrensaltpan Rareforestclosed Rareforestopen Rareforeststeppe Rarehighmountaindeciduous-coniferouswoodland Raremountainousborealconiferousforest Rare sub-borealconiferous-deciduousforest RareAgland Commonalpine–barren Commonalpine–tundra Commonalpinesteppe CommonBarren Common

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desertsteppe Commondryandmoderatelysteppe Commondrysteppe Commonextremearid Commonhighmountainmeadow Commonhighmountainsteppe Commonhighmountaintundra Commonlowermountainsteppe Commonmeadow Commonmeadowsteppe Commonmoderatedrysteppe Commonmountainsteppe Commonmountains-roughterrain Commonsandmassives Commonsemidesert Commontruedesert Common

InputDataRequired:• EcosystemClassification–EC

CreationSteps:1. Selectappropriatevaluesandassigncategories2. Reclassifyecosystemrasterbasedoncategories(i.e.Unique–3,Rare–2,andCommon-1)

DescriptionofFinalCategories:3(Unique)–Areasassociatedwithwateratornearthesurface.

2(Rare)–MainlyforestedareasacrossMongolia

1(Common)–Remainingecosystemtypes

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EcosystemCategoryforMongolia:

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LandscapeCondition

Description:ThisfactorclassifiesaregionintothreecategoriesofcumulativehumandisturbancebasedonaMongolia-wideDisturbanceIndex;Good,Moderate,andPoorwithGoodbeingthemostcostlytooffset.Theleastdisturbed50%ofthelandscapeisclassifiedasGood;themostdisturbed5%ofthelandscapeisclassifiedasPoor;andtheremainingareaisclassifiedasModerate(i.e.50%-95%).

InputDataRequired:• DisturbanceIndex(DI)

CreationSteps:1. SliceDIinto100zonesusingEqualArea2. Reclassifyslicedataintothefollowingcategories:

1 :>=95(i.e.low)2 :50-94(i.e.medium)3 :<50(i.e.good)

DescriptionofFinalCategories: 3(Good)-leastdisturbed50%ofthelandscape(i.e.<50percentileofthedisturbanceindex)

2(Moderate)–The45%ofcellshavingdisturbancevaluesaboveGoodandbelowLow(i.e.50–94percentileofthedisturbanceindex)

1(Poor)-themostdisturbed5%ofthelandscape(i.e.>95percentileofthedisturbanceindex)

LandscapeConditionforMongolia:

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HabitatType

Description:Thisfactorclassifiesaregionintothreecategories;Critical,NaturalorModifiedwithCriticalbeingthemostcostlytooffset.Themapiscreatedbyusingthreedatasets:NationalProtectedAreas,ProposedNationalProtectedAreas,andtheMongolia-wideDisturbanceIndex.AreaswithineithertheNationalProtectedAreasorProposedNationalProtectedAreasarecategorizedasCriticalhabitat.Themostdisturbed5%ofthelandscape,basedontheMongolia-wideDisturbanceIndex,isclassifiedasModifiedhabitat.AllotherareasareclassifiedasNaturalhabitat.

InputDataRequired:• NationalProtectedAreas(NPA)• ProposedNationalProtectedAreas(PNPA)• LandscapeCondition(LC)–previouslycreated

CreationSteps:1. CombineNPAsandPNPAsintoonedataset2. Withincombinedlayer(Step1)createfieldforgridconversionandcalculatefieldtothevalueof33. ConverttoarasterdatasetusinggridfieldcalculatedinStep24. UsingLCselectoutvaluesof1(lowsitecondition)andcalculateallothersto25. CombineStep3withStep4keepingthemaximumvalue.CreatesHabitatTypeRasterwith3-Critical,2

–Natural,1-Modified

DescriptionofFinalCategories:3(Critical)–LandsidentifiedasaNationalProtectedAreaorProposedProtectedArea.

2(Natural)–Anyareanotidentifiedaseithercriticalormodified

1(Modified)-Themostdisturbed5%ofthelandscape,basedontheMongolia-wideDisturbanceIndex

HabitatTypeforMongolia:

LandscapePriority

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Description:Thisfactorclassifiesaregionintothreecategories;High,Medium,orLowandarebasedonproximitytoeithertheNationalProtectedAreasortheProposedProtectedAreas.TheHighcategorycontainsallProposedandcurrentlyNationalProtectedAreasandarethemostcostlytooffset.TheMediumcategoryistheareawithin20kmoftheHighcategory.TheLowcategoryistheremainingareamorethan20kmfromtheHighcategory.

InputDataRequired:• HabitatType(HT)–previouslycreated

CreationSteps:1. SelectonlyHTvalues=3(i.e.Criticalcategory)2. BufferStep1by20kmandassignthebufferareaas23. Calculateallareasoutsideof20kmandnotwithincriticalareasas14. CombineSteps1-3keepingthemaximumvalue.CreatesLandscapePriorityrasterwith3=High,2–

Medium,1-Low

DescriptionofFinalCategories:3(High)–LandswithineithertheNationalProtectedAreasortheProposedProtectedAreas.

2(Medium)–Landswithin20kmanyHighcategory.

1(Low)-Allotherlands

LandscapePriorityforMongolia:

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AppendixB–MDTSpatialDatabaseTheMDTapplicationsrelyonacollectionofspatialdatatoaccuratelycalculateoffsetcompensationandpotentialoffsetareas(TableB1).

TableB1.SpatialDataRequiredbyMDTapplications

Name Description

AvoidanceDatasets Datausedfordevelopmentavoidanceandreductionofoffsetcosts.

COF.img Thecumulativeoffsetfactorsrasterdatasetwithvaluesproducedbysummingallfourlocationaloffsetfactorstogether

Forest_Areas.shp ThesedatadisplaytheforestedareasacrossMongolia.AccordingtoMongolialawtheexplorationandexploitationofmineralsisprohibitedwithintheseareas.

Headwater.shp ThesedatadisplaytheheadwaterareasacrossMongolia.AccordingtoMongolialawtheexplorationandexploitationofmineralsisprohibitedwithintheseareas.

PA_Local.shp LocalspecialprotectedareasforallMongoliaasofSept.2015.

PA_National.shp NationalprotectedareasforallofMongoliaasofSept2015.

Riparian.lyr Layerfiledisplayingriparianandwetareas.

Riparian_Wet_Areas.shp ThesedatadisplaytheriparianareasacrossMongolia.AccordingtoMongolialawtheexplorationandexploitationofmineralsisprohibitedwithintheseareas.

LocationalOffsetFactors Datausedincalculatingoffsetcompensationrequirements.

EsCategory.img LocationalOffsetFactor-EcosystemCategoryrasterdataset

HabitatType.img LocationalOffsetFactor–HabitatTyperasterdataset

LdCondition.img LocationalOffsetFactor–LandscapeConditionrasterdataset

LdPriority.img LocationalOffsetFactor–LandscapePriorityrasterdataset

LDImpactValues TablesusedinderivingtheprojectimpactforLDs

area_disturbances.dbf Tablecontainingnecessarydatatocalculateimpactzonesforareadisturbances(seeAssignedLDImpactParametersofGIS_PPC).

linear_disturbances.dbf Tablecontainingnecessarydatatocalculateimpactzonesforlineardisturbances(seeAssignedLDImpactParametersofGIS_PPC).

PotentialOffsetLocations

DatausedtoidentifypotentialoffsetlocationsassociatedwithLDimpacts

Aimag_Bnd.img RasterdatasetidentifyingAimagsinMongolia

Aimags_Polys.shp PolygonfeatureclassidentifyingAimagsinMongolia

ERA_Bnd.img RasterdatasetidentifyingthethreeERAscompletedinMongolia

ERA_Polys.shp PolygonfeatureclassidentifyingthethreeERAscompletedinMongolia

Soum_Bnd.img RasterdatasetidentifyingSoumsinMongolia

Soums_Polys.shp PolygonfeatureclassidentifyingSoumsinMongoliaandtheassociateAimagtheSoumislocatedin.

East_aimags_ports.shp ERAportfoliositesintersectedwithAimagboundaries.AttributescontaintheHAofeachecosystemclassfoundinthatunit.

East_era_ports.shp ERAportfoliosites.AttributescontaintheHAofeachecosystemclassfoundinsite.

East_es.img RasterdatasetofecosystemsmappedbyanalysisdoneforERA

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East_es_lut.dbf TablecontainingecosystemcodesandassociatedescriptionsfortypesfoundinERA.

East_soums_ports.shp ERAportfoliositesintersectedwithSoumboundaries.AttributescontaintheHAofeachecosystemclassfoundinthatunit.

Gobi_aimags_ports.shp ERAportfoliositesintersectedwithAimagboundaries.AttributescontaintheHAofeachecosystemclassfoundinthatunit.

Gobi_era_ports.shp ERAportfoliosites.AttributescontaintheHAofeachecosystemclassfoundinsite.

Gobi_es.img RasterdatasetofecosystemsmappedbyanalysisdoneforERA

Gobi_es_lut.dbf TablecontainingecosystemcodesandassociatedescriptionsfortypesfoundinERA.

Gobi_soums_ports.shp ERAportfoliositesintersectedwithSoumboundaries.AttributescontaintheHAofeachecosystemclassfoundinthatunit.

West_aimags_ports.shp ERAportfoliositesintersectedwithAimagboundaries.AttributescontaintheHAofeachecosystemclassfoundinthatunit.

West_era_ports.shp ERAportfoliosites.AttributescontaintheHAofeachecosystemclassfoundinsite.

West_es.img RasterdatasetofecosystemsmappedbyanalysisdoneforERA

West_es_lut.dbf TablecontainingecosystemcodesandassociatedescriptionsfortypesfoundinERA.

West_soums_ports.shp ERAportfoliositesintersectedwithSoumboundaries.AttributescontaintheHAofeachecosystemclassfoundinthatunit.

Updatesorchangesinanyofthesedataorthedataproductswhichderivethemmustbereflectedinthedatabasetoensuretheuseoftheapplication.TNChasagreedtoupdatethedatabaseforoneyearpriortotheendoftheprojecthoweverlong-termthismaynotcontinuetobethecase.InordertobeconsistentwithupdatesandeasetherequiredworkwiththiseffortTNChascreatedtheMDT_Spatial_Database_Update_Tools(Fig.B1).ThisArcGIStoolboxhastwotoolsforupdatingthedatabase,theUpdateOffsetFactorDatabaseandtheUpdatePotentialOffsetLocations.ThesetoolsareonlysharedwithdatabasemanagersoftheMDTapplicationsandrequirenotonlyrunningthetoolsbutalsoknowingwheretoplacethedataoutputtedfromthesetoolswithineithertheMDT-DesktoporMDT-Webdatabases.

TheUpdateOffsetFactorDatabasetool(Fig.B2)allowsfortheusertoquicklyupdatetheCOF.imgrasterdatasetandallfourlocationaloffsetfactors(i.e.ecosystemcategory,habitattype,landscapepriority,andlandscapeposition).Changesinthenationaldisturbanceindex,nationalprotectedareas,proposedprotectedareas,ortheterrestrialecosystemsdatawouldmaketheuseofthistoolnecessary.AlldataselectedisexpectedtohaveanextentofallofMongoliaandusetheprojectedcoordinatesystem-UTM,Zone48NprojectionbasedontheWGS1984datum.Theterrestrialecosystemsdataadditionallyrequirestheoffsetcategoryvaluebeassignedbyattributetoallvaluescontainedinthisrasterdataset.

TheUpdatePotentialOffsetLocationstool(Fig.B3)usesthepolygondatasetcontainingthecombinednationalandproposedprotectedareastocreatespatialdatabase

Fig.B1MDTSpatialDatabaseUpdateTools

Fig.B2UpdateOffsetFactorDatabasedialog.

Fig.B3UpdatePotentialOffsetLocationsdialog.

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identifyingateachoffsetlevel(i.e.ERA,Aimag,Soum)thesummaryterrestrialecosystems.ThecombinednationalprotectedandproposedprotecteddataisanoutputfromtheUpdateOffsetFactorDatabasetoolpreviouslydiscussedandthereforeshouldberanpriortorunningthistool.AnychangestothenationalorproposedprotectedareasorterrestrialecosystemsdatasetsattheERA-levelwouldrequirethistoolberantoupdatedata.

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AppendixC–TutorialforArcGIS10xUsers

SetupforTutorial¨ MakesureyouhaveArcGISinstalledonyourmachinewithSpatialAnalystextensioninstalled.¨ DownloadMDT-Desktopfromhttp://s3.amazonaws.com/DevByDesign-Web/MonOffsetDesign/data.htmland

followtheinstallationprocedureswithinthehelpdocumentation.¨ DownloadMDTtutorialdatafromhttp://s3.amazonaws.com/DevByDesign-Web/MonOffsetDesign/data.html¨ Un-packagemdt_tutorials.zipinaread/writelocationonyourcomputer(Hint:Answersfortutorialcanbefound

intheSolutionsfolderwithinthiszipfile.¨ CreateanMDT_Outputfolder.Thiswillbethefolderforalldatacreatedintutorialandbedisplayedwithinall

dialogsasc:\MDT_Output.

IdentifyingOffsetCostsandPotentialLocations¨ OpenEx1.mxd(i.e.File>Openmenu)withintheMDT_Tutorialsfolder.

¨ Youwillseethreelayers;LandDisturbances-Linear,LandDisturbances-AreaandFakeMinePlan.TheFake

MinePlanisaplanwhichwasneverdevelopedhoweverithasbeengeo-referencedtosimulateapotentialminingplanwithintheGobiregion.

¨ Usingthemeasuretool ,whatistheapproximateareainKM2ofthisplanneddevelopment?¨ IfyouweregoingtodigitizethelanddisturbancesofthissiteplanwithArcMap,thefirststepwouldbeto

createlanddisturbancesdatausingtheStep1a–CreateLandDisturbanceDatatool.OpentheArcToolboxwindowandselecttheMDTtoolboxandopenthistool.

¨ SelectyourMDT_OutputfolderforaprojectFolderLocationandkeepthedefaultsettingfortherestofthe

tool.

¨ ClicktheOKbutton.¨ HowmanylayersareaddedtoArcMap?¨ MakevisiblealllayerswithinthegrouplayerDevelopmentRestrictionAreas.Arethereanymapped

developmentrestrictionsinthisarea?

¨ TheCumulativeOffsetFactorlayergivesuserstheabilitytoseeestimateratiosforoffsetrequirementswhilecreatingyourlanddisturbancelayers.Thisallowsuserwhenpresentedwithoptionstochooseloweroffset

34

costareastodevelop.PlacethislayerbelowtheFakeMinePlanlayer.Whichlanddisturbanceappearstohavethepotentialforthehighestoffsetcost?

¨ RemoveallDevelopmentRestrictionArealayersandCumulativeOffsetFactorlayerfromArcMap.¨ UsingtheCatalogwindow,navigatetotheMDT_Outputfolder,rightclickonmdt_land_disturbances.gdb

andselectthePropertiesmenu.ClickontheDomainstabintheDatabasePropertieswindow.Howmanydomainsareassociatedwiththisfilegeodatabase?

¨ HowmanycodedvaluesareavailablefortheMDT_LD_Area_Domain?¨ ClosetheDatabasePropertieswindowanddisplaythelayerpropertiesassociatedwiththeLD_Arealayerby

rightclickingonthelayernameintheArcMapTableofContentsandselectingthePropertiesmenu.ClickontheFieldstabwithinthePropertieswindowandselecttheLD_Codefieldbyclickingonitsnameinthelistoffieldnames.WhatisthenameoftheCodedvaluedomainassociatedwiththisfield?

¨ WhatfieldwillthereforcontainyourlanddisturbancecodesassociatedwiththeMDT?¨ NowclickontheSourcetabwithintheLayerPropertieswindow.Whatprojectionhasbeenassignedto

thesedata?¨ RemovetheLD_LinearandLD_Arealayers.Normallyyouwouldusethesedatasetstobegindigitizingland

disturbanceshowevertheyhavealreadybeendigitizedforyouandarenamedLandDisturbances–LinearandLandDisturbances–Area.

¨ Nowtocheckthesedatasetswhichhavealreadybeendigitized,wewillruntheStep1b–CheckLand

DisturbanceDatatool.OpenthistoolwithintheMDTtoolbox.Inputtheappropriatevalueswithinthisdialog.Itshouldlookexactlylikethedialogbelow.

¨ HowmanyerrorswerefoundwithinLandDisturbances–Linearlayer?¨ HowmanyerrorswerefoundwithinLandDisturbances–Arealayer?¨ Basicallynoneoftheattributeshavebeenassigned.Wewillnowfixtheseerrorsbyattributingfeatures

whichcausedtheerrors.MaketheLandDisturbances–Linearlayertheonlyvisiblelayer.

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¨ Startaneweditsession.ThiscanbedonebyclickingontheEditorbutton whichdisplaystheEditorToolbar.ThenbyclickingontheEditormenuandselectingtheStartEditingmenu,youwillstartaneditsession.

¨ AddtheAttributeseditingwindowbyclickingontheAttributesbutton ontheEditorToolbar.

¨ NowusetheEditorSelectiontool andselectthemainroadrunningontheWestandNorthsideoftheplanneddevelopment.WithintheLD_CodefieldclickonthedropdownmenuandselectRoads-Paved.

¨ AssumetheotherlinearfeaturesareRoads–ImprovedDirtandcodethemfollowingthesameprocedureas

above.¨ SaveyoureditsbyclickingontheEditormenuandselectingSaveEdits.Clearallselectfeatures.¨ NowmakevisibletheLandDisturbances–AreaandFakeMinePlanlayers.Followthesameproceduresbut

thistimeselectpolygonsandassigntheappropriatelanddisturbancecodestotheseareafeatures.IftheFakeMinePlanmapisdifficulttoread,usethefollowingguide:Lightblue–minepitLightbrown–overburdenpilesDarkgreen–growthmediapilesBlue–heapleachpadsDarkbrown–processingfacilitiesexceptfortheonenearesttheentrancewhichisanofficefacility

¨ Saveyouredits,clearallselectedfeatures,andstopyoureditsessionbyclickingontheEditormenuandselectingStopEditing.

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¨ NowdisplayeachlayersettingthesymbologyofeachtouseLD_CodefieldwithaUniqueValuescategorization.Lookatthescreencapturebelow,yourcolorsmaybedifferentbutyourArcMapdisplayshouldlooksimilarwiththelayersoverlappingallthelanddisturbancesfoundinthegeoreferencedsiteplan.NOTE:DuetotheDomainCodesassociatedwiththeLD_Codeattributes,ArcMapautomaticallyaddsalegendwithallpossibledomaincodes.Youwillneedtoremovefromthesymbologythosedisturbanceswhicharenotpartofthisplanneddevelopment.

¨ Ifyoumissedonestartaneweditsessionandattributethefeatureyoumissedandsaveyouredits.¨ Nowtodoublecheckourwork,wewillruntheStep1b–CheckLandDisturbanceDatatool.Openthistool

withintheMDTtoolbox.Inputtheappropriatevalueswithinthisdialog.Itshouldlookexactlylikethedialogbelow.

¨ Youshouldhavereceivedamessagesaying:“Therewerenoerrorsorwarningswithyourdata.Thesedata

canberunsuccessfullywiththeStep2–CalculateProjectImpacttool.”¨ OpentheStep2–CalculateProjectImpactAreatoolwithinArcToolbox>MDT>LandDisturbanceand

ImpactTools.SettheLandDisturbance-LinearlayerastheLandDisturbances–LinearFeaturesandselecttheLD_CodefieldfortheFieldNameforLandDisturbanceType.SettheAreaFeaturestotheLandDisturbance-ArealayerandselectitsLD_CodefieldfortheFieldName.FinallynametheProjectImpact

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RasterDatasetasEx1ProjectImpact.imgmakingsuretolocatethisoutputtoyourMDT_Outputfolder.Yourdialogshouldlookthesameastheonebelow.NOTE:Makesurenoneofthelanddisturbancefeaturesareselectedbeforerunningthetool.

¨ ClicktheOKbutton.Hint:Thistookmycomputerapproximately3minutessograbashortbreakwhilethisis

running.¨ Examinetheoutputimpactraster,Ex1ProjectImpact.imgandanswerthefollowingquestions:

o Whatistheresolutionofthedataset(Hint:usethesourcetabwithinthelayerpropertiesdialog)?

o Whichimpactareacoversthelargestarea(Hint:openattributetableandselecttheimpactwithhighestcellcount)?

o Howmanysq.metersdoesthehighimpactcategorycover(Hint:resolution*resolution*cellcount)?

¨ Withtheprojectimpactareacalculated,wecannowcalculatethepotentialoffsetcostsassociatedwiththis

development.OpentheStep3–CalculateOffsetCostReporttoolwithinToolbox>MDT>OffsetTools.SettheProjectNametoOakleaf,selecttheEx1ProjectImpact.imglayerfortheProjectImpactAreaRaster,settheProjectDurationtoMedium(5–20years)andfinallysettheoutputfilenametoOakleaf_Report.html.Yourdialogshouldlookexactlyliketheonebelow.

¨ ClicktheOKbutton.¨ Usingthereportgenerated,scrollthroughitandanswerthesequestions:

o Whatisthetotaloffsetcostperyearforthisproject?

o Whatisthetotaloffsetunitsperyearforthisproject?

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o Whatarethetotalhectaresoftheareaimpacted?

o Whatisroughlytheoveralloffsetratioforthisproject?

o Whichoffsetfactor(i.e.EcosystemCategory,HabitatType,LandscapeCondition,LandscapePriority,andProjectDuration)contributedthemosttotheoveralloffsetcost.WhatSoumaretheseimpactslocatedin?

o Whatistheecosystemimpactedbythisdevelopment?

¨ Nowtoidentifywherebesttopotentiallyapplytheseoffsetactions,OpenStep4(optional)–IdentifyPotentialOffsetSiteswithinMDT>OffsetTools.SelecttheEx1ProjectImpact.imgastheProjectImpactAreaRaster,selectyourMDT_OutputfolderastheOutputFolderandkeepbothitemschecked.Yourdialogshouldlookthesameasbelow.

¨ ClickontheOkbutton.¨ HowmanypotentialoffsetsiteswereselectedwithintheXu’rmenSoum?¨ OpentheattributetableoftheOffSites4_Xu-rmen_Soum_inGobilayer,usingthedist_awayfieldidentifybythe

AREANAMEfieldtheclosestpotentialoffsetsitefortheprojectimpactarea?¨ HowmanypotentialoffsetsitescanbefoundwithinO’mnogoviAimag?¨ OpentheattributetableoftheOffSites4_O_mnogovi_Aimag_inGobilayer,usingthedist_awayfieldidentitythe

AREANAMEoftheclosestpotentialoffsetsitefortheprojectimpactarea?¨ Howarethesetwopotentialclosestoffsetsitesdifferent?

¨ CloseArcMapwithoutsaving.

Avoidance¨ OpenEX2.mxdwithintheMDT_Tutorialsfolder¨ OpentheOakleafFakeMine–LinearLandDisturbanceattributetable.Writedownhowmanyfeaturesare

foundinthislayer.

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¨ OpentheOakleafFakeMine–AreaLandDisturbanceattributetable.Writedownhowmanyfeaturesarefoundinthislayer.

¨ OpentheArcToolboxwindowandselecttheMDTtoolbox.UndertheLandDisturbancesandImpactTools,

double-clickonStep2–CalculateProjectImpactArea.¨ SelecttheOakleafFakeMine–LinearLandDisturbancesfortheLinearFeaturesandtheLD_Codefieldfor

theFieldName.DothesameforAreaFeaturesusingtheOakleafFakeMine–AreaLandDisturbanceslayerfortheinput.FinallysettheOutputtothenameOakleaf_Project_Impact.imgandplaceitwithintheMDT_Outputfolder.Yourdialogshouldlooksimilartotheonebelow.

¨ ClicktheOkbuttontorun¨ Examinetheoutputdialogasthistoolruns.ItwillinformyouaseachLDfeatureisusedincreatingaProject

ImpactArea¨ Ifyoudrinkcoffeeortea,thiswouldbeagoodtimetogoandgetitJ¨ Oncetheapplicationisfinishedwritedownhowlongittooktocalculatetheprojectimpactareaforthese

disturbances.¨ MaketheOakleaf_Project_Impact.imgtheonlyvisiblelayerandopenitsattributetable.Whichimpact

categoryhasthemostareaassociatedwithit?¨ WithintheMDTToolboxundertheOffsetToolsselecttheStep3–CalculateOffsetCostReporttooland

setProjectNametoOakleafFakeMine,selecttheOakleaf_Project_Impact.imglayerfortheProjectImpactAreaRaster,selectMedium(5-20years)forProjectDuration,andoutputtheHTMLFiletoyourMDT_OutputfoldernamingitOakleaf.html.Itshouldmatchthedialogbelow.

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¨ ClicktheOKbutton¨ Examinetheoutputdialogasthetoolruns¨ Whenthereportopens,scrollthroughitandanswerthesequestions:

o Whatisthetotaloffsetcostperyearforthisproject?

o Whatarethetotalhectaresoftheareaimpacted?

o WhatisthepercentofimpactsfoundwithinXovsgolSoum?

o WhatistheecosystemwhichismostimpactedwithinUlaanbadraxSoum?¨ Wearenowgoingtolookatwaystolowerthecostsassociatedwiththisproject.OpentheLand

Disturbances–LocationalOffsetCostandRestrictionsAssessmentToolfoundwithinArcToolbox>MDT>SupplementaryAvoidanceTools.InputtheappropriatevaluesandoutputyourAssessmenttothenameLC_CostAssessment.shp.Keepdefaultitemschecked.Yourdialogshouldlookliketheonebelow.

¨ ClickontheOKbutton.

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¨ Howlongdidthistooltaketocomplete?¨ WhatwasthetotalsummaryCOFvalueforalllanddisturbances(Hint:Thisisdisplayedinthe

geoprocessingresultsdialog)?¨ Whichtwodisturbancesresultinthehighestoffsetcosts?¨ ComparingtheTemporaryCampwiththeCumulativeOffsetFactors,whatcouldyoudotoloweryouroffset

costswiththislanddisturbancegivenitmuststayconnectedtothesameroad?

¨ Listanyotherpotentialspatialmodificationwhichcouldlessenoffsetcosts?

¨ Arethereanylanddisturbancescrossingdevelopmentrestrictionareas?¨ CloseArcMapwithoutsaving.¨ NowopenEX2_modified.mxd.

¨ Thelanddisturbancefeaturesweremodified,listthechangesyousee:

¨ NowreruntheLandDisturbances–LocationalOffsetCostandRestrictionsAssessmentusingthemodified

landdisturbancesandassignthenameofyourassessmentoutputtoModified.shp.ThistimeunchecktheAddCumulativeOffsetFactorsandDevelopmentRestrictionsLayers.Yourdialogshouldlooksimilartotheonebelow.

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¨ ClicktheOKbutton.¨ WhatisthenewoverallCOFvalue?¨ Whichlanddisturbancefeaturenowhasthehighestpotentialcostvalue?¨ Nowgothroughthestepsandusetheappropriatetoolstocreateanoffsetcostreportforthesemodified

landdisturbances.¨ Whatisthenewtotaloffsetcostperyearwiththemodifiedlanddisturbancesusingthesameduration

valuesasbefore(i.e.Medium)?¨ Howmuchdidthatsaveinoffsetcosts?¨ Wouldtherestillbeotherwaystopossiblysaveadditionaloffsetcots?

¨ CloseArcMapwithoutsaving.

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AppendixD–TutorialforQGIS2.12Users

SetupforTutorial¨ GotoQGISwebsiteanddownloadandinstallthemostrecentversionofsoftware

(http://www.qgis.org/en/site/forusers/download.html#).¨ DownloadMDTtutorialdataathttp://s3.amazonaws.com/DevByDesign-Web/MonOffsetDesign/data.html¨ Un-packagemdt_tutorials.zipinaread/writelocationonyourcomputer(Hint:Answersfortutorialcanbefound

intheSolutionsfolderwithinthiszipfile.¨ CreateanMDT_Outputfolder.Thiswillbethefolderforalldatacreatedintutorialandbedisplayedwithinall

dialogsasc:\MDT_Output.

DigitizingLandDisturbancesinQGIS(Note:IfyoudonotneedtolearnhowtodigitizeinQGISorusedomainsjumptothenextsectionofthetutorial,i.e.UsingMDT-Web)

¨ OpentheExDigitize.qgsfile.ThisQGISfilehasascannedandgeo-referencedmineplan(i.e.FakeGoldMine_JROFinal)whichiscreatedonlyforthistutorialandisnotreal.TouseMDT-Web,wewillneedtorepresentthismineplaninaGISformat.

¨ Firstwewillcreateshapefilestocontainthevaryinglanddisturbancestobemapped.

a. TobegindigitizingfeaturesclickontheNewShapefile

Layerbutton b. FromtheNewVectorLayerdialog(Fig.D1),selecttype

Line,makesuretheselectedcoordinatesystemisUTMzone48(shouldbethedefault),andaddanewattributewiththefollowingparameters:Name:LD_Code,Type:Wholenumber,Width:2(hint:youwillneedtoclickonAddtoattributeslistbuttononceyouinputtheseparameters).ThenselecttheidfieldandclickontheRemoveAttributefield.ChecktomakesureyourdialoglooksthesameasFig.F1andclickontheOKbuttonandsaveyourdatasetasLD_LinearintheMDT_Outputfolderyoucreated.

Fig.D1NewVectorLayerdialog.

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c. NowsetthefollowingpropertiesofthenewLD_Linearlayerbyright-clickingonthelayerandselectProperties.ClickontheStyletabandsettherenderingtoaSimplelinewithacolorandwidthwhichcanbeseencanbeseenandiswideenough(e.g.black,1).ThenselecttheFieldstabandselecttheLD_Codefield.ClickontheTextEditbutton.SelecttheValueMapcategoryfromthelist.MakesuretheEditableandLabelontopboxesareselected.ThenclickontheLoadDatafromCSVfileandselectlineLDcodes.csvfilefromtheData\ExQGIS_Digitizingdirectory.BeforeclickingOKmakesureYourEditWidgetProperties–Ld_Code(Ld_Linear)dialoglookslikeFig.D2.

d. SavetheselayerpropertiestoaQGISLayerStyleFilewithinthesamefolderyoucreatedthisshapefile,keepingthenamethesamewiththeqmlfileextension(i.e.LD_Linear).ThiscanbedonebyclickingontheStylemenubuttoninthelower,leftcornerofthedialog(Fig.D3).

Fig.D3LayerPropertiesdialog.

Fig.D2EditWidgetPropertiesdialog.

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e. Repeatsteps5a–5bwiththefollowingchanges,

settheNewVectorLayer-TypetoPolygon.Yourdialogshouldlooksimilartotheonebelow(Fig.D4).SavetheshapefiletothenameLD_Area.shp

f. Repeatstep5cbutthistimeselectStylewhichwillallowforyoutoeasilydigitizepolygonsandforthefielddomainvalues(i.e.ValueMap)selecttheareaLDcodes.csvfilelocatedintheQGIS_Demo/Datadirectory.

g. SavetheselayerpropertiestoaQGISLayerStyleFilewithinthesamefolderyoucreatedthisshapefile,keepingthenamethesamewiththeqmlfileextension(i.e.LD_Area).

¨ PriortodigitizingfeaturesyoumaywanttosettheSnappingoptionslocatedundertheSettings/SnappingOptionsmenu.Thiswillespeciallybebeneficialwheneditinglinearfeaturessuchasroadstoinsurethesefeaturesareconnected.AlthoughMDdoesnotrequiretopologicallycorrectdataitisstillimportanttotrytofollowthesestandards(e.g.linesconnect).

¨ Nowdigitizethelinearlanddisturbancesfoundwithinthisimage.a. FirstrightclickontheLD_LinearlayerandselecttheTogglingEditingmenu.Thisenablestheeditor

toolbar.

Fig.D4NewVectorLayerdialog.

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b. Usethedigitizefeaturetool andfollowthecenter-linesoftheroads.Tostartalinefeature,leftmouseclickandcontinuetoleftmouseclicktoaddverticestotheline.Toendtheline,clickthelastvertexandthenrightclicktoendtheline.Whenyourightclickyouwillbepresentedwithadialogtoselecttheappropriatelanddisturbancetypebeingdigitize.SettheSouthernmajorroadtypetoRoads-PavedwithallotherssettoRoads-ImprovedDirt.Intheend,yourLD_Lineardatawilllooksimilartothemapbelow(Fig.D5).Makesuretosaveyoureditsandtoggleoffyoureditsession.

Fig.D5LDLinearmappedfeatures

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¨ Nowdigitizethearealanddisturbancesfoundwithinthisimage.RightclickontheLD_Arealayerandselect

ToggleEditing.TheEditortoolbarwillautomaticallychangetothePolygontool .Duetothisbeingatutorialbeasaccurateasyoufeelnecessarytogetcapturethelocationofthefeatures.Yourendproductdatashouldlooksimilartothemapbelow.

¨ YounowhavetwoshapefileswhichcanbeuploadedtoMDT-Webbyplacingthemintoazipfile.

¨ CreatethiszipfilemakingsuretoincludeallfileswiththebasenameshavingLD_AreaandLD_Linear.

UsingMDT-Web¨ OpenEx3.qgswithintheMDT_Tutorialsfolder

¨ UseQGIStoanswerthefollowingquestions.

§ Howmanyarealanddisturbancesarethere?

§ Whichlanddisturbanceismostpresentinthistable?

§ Justbylooking,whattypeofareadisturbancewillmodifythelandthemost?

§ Roughlywhatisthetotalsizeoftheareadisturbed?

Fig.D6LDareamappedfeatures.

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§ Whatisthesizeoftheminingpit?

§ Howmanylinearlanddisturbancesarefoundatthissite?

¨ CloseEx3.qgswithoutsaving

¨ WearenowgoingtousetheMDTWebtoexamineavoidanceneedsandloweroveralloffsetcostsrequiredforthissite.

¨ Usingyourfavoritebrowserwindowopenthefollowingurl:http://s3.amazonaws.com/DevByDesign-Web/MappingAppsVer2/MDT_Mongolia/index.html

¨ BeforerunninganyMDTAnalysis,usethewebsitetoanswerthefollowingquestions:

§ Howmanymaptoolsareavailable?

§ Howmanyinputdatamapsareincluded?

§ TurnontheLocalProtectedAreaslayerandtheAimagBoundarieslayer.JustbylookingwhichtwoAimagshavethehighestpercentoftheirlanddesignatedaslocallyprotected?

§ WhatyearwastheLocalProtectedAreaslayercreated(Hint:Clickoninfobuttontotherightofthelayername)?

§ ZoomtoaLatitudeof47andLongitudeof93,answerthesequestions:

• Whichecoregionalassessmentboundaryisthislocationin?

• Whatecosystemtypeisfoundatthispoint?

¨ WewillnowusetheMDTAnalysistools,howmanytoolsareavailable?

¨ ClickontheUploadLandDisturbancesDatatool.ClickontheBrowsebuttonandselectthezipfileFakeGoldMineEx3.ziplocatedinyourExercisesfolder.Beforerunningthetool,identifytheAimagthisfakedevelopmentscenarioislocatedin.

¨ NowmakesuretheLDCodeFieldnamesaresettothefieldnameDCodeforbothAreaLDsandLinearLDsandthenclickontheRunLDCheckbutton.Howmanyerrorsareidentifiedbythetool?

¨ ClosetheUploadandCheckLandDisturbanceDatadialog.Whatcoloraretheerrorfeatures?

¨ Examinethelegendtotheleft,aretheresomefeatureswhichseemmisidentified,ifsoidentifywhichones?

¨ Wewillnowfixalltheattributeerrorswiththesedata:

§ Clickonthelinearerrorfeature,whatisthecurrentLD_Codeforthisfeature?

§ ClickontheEditLDCodebutton,selectfromthedrop-downmenuRoads-ImprovedDirtandthenclickontheupdatebutton.

§ Closethisdialog.Whatcoloristhisfeaturenow?

§ ClickonthepolygonerrorfeatureandsetthisfeaturetoaPile.

§ ChangethePipelinelinearlanddisturbancetoaRoads–Paved.

§ ClickontheAirportareafeatureinthesouth-easternquadrantoftheplanneddevelopmentandchangethisfeaturetoaMiningPit

§ ClickontheAirportareafeatureinthewesternportionoftheplanneddevelopmentandchangethisfeaturetoaPile.

§ Yourwebmapshouldlooksimilartotheonebelow:

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¨ ClickontheAvoidanceAnalysismenu.Identifythecoloroftheiconfollowingstepone.

¨ Nowtocheckyourattributeedits,re-opentheUploadLandDisturbancesDatadialog.

¨ ClickonRunLDCheckandmakesuretheoutputdoesnotidentifyanyerrors.IfitdoesgobackandmakesurethatyoufollowedtheattributeeditsnecessarytomatchthemapaboveandthenRunLDCheckagain.

¨ Withtheselanddisturbancesdisplayed,nowturnontheCumulativeOffsetFactorslayer.Identifywhichfeatureslooktobethemostcostlytooffset?

¨ TurnontheLandscapePriorityfactormap,whatcategorydoesthisplanneddevelopmentfallinto?

¨ Usingeitherthelayerinformationorotherinputdatamaps,identifywhythisplanneddevelopmentfallsintothiscategory?

¨ WewillnowcheckourassumptionsbyrunningtheMDTAvoidanceAnalysis.ClickontheAvoidanceAnalysismenu.Nowwhaticonisfoundtotherightofstepone?

¨ Inputanemailaccountyoucanaccessviathecomputeryouarecurrentlyassignedto.(Note:Ifyoucan’taccessyouremailonyourassignedcomputerjusttypeinyourownemailaccountandcheckfileslaterwhenyoureturntowork,youcanaccessareplicaoftheoutputzipfile(i.e.mdt_avoid_data_originalEx3.zip)undertheData>Ex3>outputfolder).

¨ Dependingonthecurrentwebtrafficandprocessingqueoftheapplicationserverthisprocesscouldrequiresomewaittime.

¨ Whenyoureceivedtheemail,whowasthesenderoftheemailcontainingtheavoidancedata?dybd.tnc.apps@gmail.com

¨ Whatisthenameoftheattachedfile?

¨ Opentheattachedfileandidentifyhowmanyfilesarewithinthiszipfile?

¨ Clickonthetotal_summary.txttoopen.Whatisthecumulativeoffsetfactorvalueofthisdevelopment?

¨ MinimizeyourwebbrowserwindowandnowopenEx3b.qgs.

¨ Usingtheld_avoidlayeranditsattributetableanswerthefollowingquestions:

§ Howmanyimpactareasfromthedisturbances(i.e.ld_avoid)areplacedinthehighcategoryfortheaveragecosts?

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§ Wherearethesehighcategoryimpactslocatedwithintheplanneddevelopment?

§ Ofthesehighcategorieshowmanyofthemderivefromareadisturbances(Hint:LinkIDrelatestothetypeofdisturbancesandtheoriginaldisturbancefeatureid)?

§ Whichlanddisturbancefeatureranksthehighestforitsoffsetcosts?

§ Doanyoftheimpactsoverlapaprotectedarea?

§ Whatrestrictedareasdotheimpactsoverlap?

¨ CloseEx3b.qgswithoutsaving.

¨ MaximizeyourwebbrowserwithMDT–Webopen.Wewillnowloadadifferentmineplanwhichavoidssomeofthehighercostareas.ClickontheUploadLandDisturbancesDatamenu.Whichzipfileisitcurrentlyusing?

¨ ClickontheBrowsebuttonandselectthezipfileFakeGoldMineEx3Avoid.ziplocatedinyourExercisesfolder.

¨ SettheLDCodeFieldstoLd_CodeandclickontheRunLDCheckbutton.Wherethereanyerrors?

¨ Identifysomeofthechangesyouseewiththisnewimpactdesign?

¨ Sincewenowhaveafinaldesignforourplanneddevelopment,wewillnowruntheOffsetAnalysis.ClickontheOffsetAnalysismenu.

¨ SettheprojectlifetoMedium(5-20years),inputanyprojectnameyouwant,andagaininputanemailaccountyoucanaccessfromyourcurrentcomputer.ClickontheRunOffsetAnalysisbutton.Note:Ifyoucan’taccessyouremailonyourassignedcomputerjusttypeinyourownemailaccountandcheckfileslaterwhenyoureturntowork,youcanaccessareplicaoftheoutputzipfile(i.e.mdt_offset_data.zip)undertheData>Ex3>outputfolder.

¨ Whiletheapplicationisrunning,openthereplicazipfile(i.e.mdt_offset_data.zip,undertheData>Ex3>outputfolder)andanswerthesequestions:

§ Howmanyfilesarewithinthiszipfile?

§ Openthemdt_offset_cost.htmlfileandanswerthesequestions:

• Whatisthetotaloffsetcostsperyearforthisdevelopment?

• Whichoffsetcategoryhadthehighestnumberofoffsetunitsrequired?

• WithinwhichSoumdoalltheimpactsoccur?

• Whatarethetotalhectaresimpactedbythisplanneddevelopment?

• Whichecosystemtypeismostimpactedbythisplanneddevelopment?

§ Opentheoffset_info.txtfileandanswerthesequestions:

• Whatthreeshapefileswithinthezipfileidentifypotentialoffsetlocations?

• HowmanyoffsetsitesdidtheapplicationidentifyforXovdaimag?

¨ Closethereplicazipfile.

¨ OpenEx3c.qgswhichdisplaytheoutputdatafromtheMDT-Weboffsetanalysisandanswerthefollowingquestions:

§ Whichimpactcategoryisthelargestintermsofarea?

§ Whichoffsetsiteistheclosesttothisdevelopment?

§ Whatisthecategoryoftheoffsetsiteclosesttothedevelopment?

§ WhatisthenameofthenextclosestidentifiedoffsetsitewithintheAimag?

¨ CloseEx3c.qgs

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AppendixE–AdditionalMDTDocuments

TableE1.AdditionalMDTDocumentsproducedforthisprojectwithdescription.AlldocumentsproducedbythisprojectavailableatMongoliaMitigationDesignToolWebPortal.

Document DocumentDescription

MDT–DesktopHelpDocumentation FulldocumentationforusingMDT–DesktopapplicationwithinArcGIS(English&Mongolianversionavailable)

MDT–WebHelpDocumentation FulldocumentationforusingMDT–Webapplication(English&Mongolianversionavailable)

ApplicationDevelopmentPlanforMDT-Desktop

InitialplanfordevelopmentwhencreatingGobionlyversionofapplication(Englishonly).

ApplicationDevelopmentPlanforMDT-Web InitialplanfordevelopmentwhencreatingGobionlyversionofapplication(Englishonly).