gis powerpoint
DESCRIPTION
This is most benificial for the First year Engineering students.This presentation consists of videos and many applications of GIS. The processes and the other parts of GIS is also nicely explained.TRANSCRIPT
GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
Prepared By:-
Vedant Dave 140120119247
Vivek Verma 140120119248
Kuldeep Tiwari 140120119233
Prahar Vyas 140120119251
Nilesh Sharma 140120119215
Presentation on
“Geographical Information System”
Guided By:-
Mrs. Priyanka Mehta
Mrs. Ankita Shah
Elements of Civil Engineering
Flow of Presentation
1. Introduction to GIS
2. History of Development
3. Key Components of GIS
4. GIS Processes
5. 4 M’s of GIS
6. Contribution Disciplines of GIS
7. Applications of GIS
8. Research Papers
Introduction to GISGEOGRAPHIC
implies that locations of the data items are known, or can be
calculated, in terms of Geographic coordinates (Latitude,
Longitude)
INFORMATION
implies that the data in a GIS are organized to yield useful
knowledge, often as colored maps and images, but also as statistical
graphics, tables, and various on-screen responses to interactive
queries.
SYSTEM
implies that a GIS is made up from several inter-related and linked
components with different functions. Thus, GIS have functional
capabilities for data capture, input, manipulation, transformation,
visualization, combinations, query, analysis, modelling and output.
A Model of GIS
•Allow users to create interactive queries.
•Analyze spatial information
• Edit data in maps.
• Geographic concepts, applications, and systems.
• Refers to a number of different technologies, processes,
and methods.
• Foundation for many location-enabled services that rely
on analysis and visualization.
• Relate unrelated information.
• RecordsLocations or extents in the Earth space–time.
The x, y and z axis representating the longitude, latitude,
and elevation, respectively
• John Snow's 1855 map of the Soho cholera in the London.
History of Development
1966 GIS demonstrated by Howard Fisher
1969 ESRI founded
1970’s satellites aid GPS
1971 GIS project used a layering system to display data
1979 Odessy developed
GIS concepts
London cholera epidemic 1854
8
Cholera death
Water pump
Soho
+
1986 MapInfo developed
1986 SPOT satellite was launched.
1992 the Lebanon used GIS to rebuild electricity network the
KEY COMPONENTS OF GIS
•Analyse and display geographic information.
2. Software:-
•Provides function and tools needed.
1. Hardware:-
• Used in stand-alone or networked configurations.
• Chief part of GIS such as Computer etc.
• Help to run centralized computer servers to desktop
3. Data:-
•Collects the geographic and other tabular data
•It assemble to use specifications and requirements
•Integrate spatial data with other existing data resources
•Key functionality is to store the data.
4. People:-
• Developers and users are quiet important.
• Ranges from Specialists to Normal Users.
5. Procedures:-
• Drafting Designs
• Integration into the business strategy and operation
• Implementing Plans
• Requires necessary investments in hardware and
software
4.People:-
CaptureData
GIS Process
RegisterMap Base
InterpretData
Convert Datato DigitalFormat
Store Datain Computer
ProcessData
DisplayResults
4 M’s of GIS
Land Use Environmental
Cadastral Assessment
Agriculture Drainage Network
Hydrology Model Terrains
4 M’s
Measurement
Mapping
Monitoring
Modelling
Contribution Disciplines
GIS
Geography
Automated
Cartography
Cartography
CAD,CAM
Surveying
Remote Sensing
Technology
Photographical
Digital
Photogrammetry
Statistics
Mathematics
Applications of GIS
1. Agriculture Farm management
Pest/Disease tracking
Crop monitoring
Yield prediction
Soil analysis
2. Natural Resource Management
Forestry
Ecology
Mining
Petroleum
Water Resources
3.Planning and Economic Development
Land Use/Zoning
Emergency Preparedness
Population Forecast
Market Analysis
Property Tax Assessment
Transportation
4. Geography Matters
Today’s challenges require geographic approach
Climate Change
Urban Growth
Sustainable Agriculture
Water Quality and Availability
International and National Security
Energy
Epidemiology/Disease Tracking
Natural Hazards: Seismicity, Weather Events
5.Vehicle Routing
6. Land Use Planning and Management
Map of Ahmedabad City through GIS
7.Environmental Applications
• Land cover and land use analysis
• Modelling watersheds
• Soil Erosion
• Forest management
• Conservation and Protected Areas
Marine Map
8.Business Applications
• Delivery of goods and services
• Retail store placement
• Distribution of competitors
• Location of potential customers
• Traffic flow
• Parking locations
Expenditures using costumer market data
L
Literature Review
TOPIC:-
An overview of
“Geographic Information
System" and its role and
applicability in
Environmental
Monitoring and Process
Modelling
Author:-
Miroslav Rusko,
Roman Chovanec,
Dana Roskova
Volume 29
Edition :- 1st
Year:- 2010
Methodology Used:- Result/Conclusion:-
GIS system are the powerful
and effective tool for creating
intelligent maps. The system
functions only when the
requisite expertise is available,
the data are compiled, the
necessary routines are
organized, and the programs are
modified to suit the application,
and/or the organization’s needs.
GIS integrates all kinds of
information and applications
with a geographic component
into one manageable system.
The hardware and software
functions of GIS include:-
• Data input
• Data storage
• Data management (data
manipulation, updating,
changing, exchange)
• Data reporting (retrieval,
presentation, analysis,
combination, etc.).
All of these actions and
operations are applied to
GIS as a tool that forms its
database.
L
Literature Review
TOPIC:-
Developing a Web-based
GIS Application
for Earthquake
Information
Author :-
A. Garagon Dogru ,
T. Selcuk ,
H. Ozener,
O. Gurkan, G. Toz
Volume 1
Edition :- 1st
Year:- NA
Methodology Used:- Result/Conclusion:-
It is designed to allow viewing,
querying, and analysis of
geographic information. This
application is a software
independent System. It offers
maximum functionality with the
minimum effort. The drawback
in such a distributed system is
that data come
from different sources based on
different forms and datas
which cause havoc in a GIS. The
response time for generating
maps is related to the map server
configuration (memory, disk, and
processor).
This paper focuses on
development and
implementation of a web-
based GIS application for
earthquake information.
Methods used:-
• Integrating various data from
different sources.
• Provides public users to
access information.
• Gathers information about
Earthquakes doing spatial
and attribute query.
• Easy data management
including maintenance and
updating.
L
Literature Review
TOPIC:-
GIS Technology for
Disasters
and Emergency
Management
Author :-
Russ Johnson
Volume 1
Edition :- 1st
Year:- May 2000
Methodology Used:- Result/Conclusion:-
This paper will identify
emergency management
activities and describe how
GIS technology plays a
critically important role.
Methods Used:-
• Information analysis • Mapping• Emergency management
planning • Planning Implementation• Modifications in Planning•Data Reporting
GIS allows emergency
management needs to be
identified prior to an incident.
Emergency management
personnel can use modeling for
training, for actual tactical
deployment during a disaster,
or to analyze the consequences
of a possible disaster. In short,
the thoughtful application of a
GIS can take
much of the panic and surprise
out of emergencies.
It is designed to allow viewing, querying, and analysisof geographic information.
Literature Review
TOPIC:-
GIS and Transportation:
Status and Challenges
Author:-
Michael F. Goodchild
Volume 1
Edition :- 1st
Methodology Used:- Result/Conclusion:-
Database designs have been
influenced by a number of
historical practices and
traditions, and three of these
have been of particular
significance to GIS: map,
navigation, and the study of
behavior. Six research
challenges have been
identified, ranging from the
technical issues of
representation and unambiguous
communication of location to
the economic modeling of GIS
data creation and use.
The application of GIS in
transportation, dates from
the very earliest in the 1960s.
Methods Used:-
• The mapping
• The navigation
• Unambiguous
communication
• Connectivity
• Response to new
technologies
• Map Implementation
• Map Recovery
ReferencesWebsites:-
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.mtf.stuba.sk
ncgia.ucsb.edu
www.isprs.org
Journals:-
Research Papers Authors
Developing a Web-based GIS
Application for Earthquake Info.
GIS and its role and applicability in
Environmental Monitoring and
Process Modelling
GIS Technology for Disasters and
Emergency Management
GIS and Transportation: Status and
Challenges
Miroslav Rusko, Roman Chovanec,
Dana Roskova
A. Garagon Dogru , T. Selcuk ,
H. Ozener, O. Gurkan, G. Toz
Russ Johnson
Michael F. Goodchild
1.
2.
3.
4.
Books:-
R.B.Khasiya