gis application in geology

8/10/2019 Gis Application in Geology

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INTRODUCTION GIS & GEOLOGICAL MAPS

OBJECTIVE

METHODOLOGY

APPLICATION

BENEFITS OF GIS

CONCLUSION

GLOSSARY

REFERENCE


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The basic tool for geologists in all disciplines is a map

depicting the distribution and identity of rock units exposed

at the earths surface. Using these maps, economic

geologists search for metal and petroleum deposits;

hydrogeologists look for ground water; structural geologistsclassify faults.


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GIS is very good tool to evaluate the potential for oil in promising

locations. Usually oil exploration need analysis of satellite imagery,

digital aerial photomosaics, seismic surveys, surface geology

studies, subsurface and cross section interpretations and images,well locations, and existing infrastructure information (see Figure1).

GIS can allow us to overlay, view, and manipulate the data to

analyze and understand the possibility to find oil and gas.


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Register and Cadastre of Prospecting and/or

Exploration Permits

Maps of Mineral Deposits

Exploration Works

Geochemical and Geophysical Anomalies Maps

Geological Maps

Topographic Maps


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Figure.1: Uses of GIS in oil and gas exploration (Take from GIS Best Practices Poster, GIS forPetroleum.


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Geological Map, Scale -1:500000,1:100000,1:25000 in GIS

format - different layers of information:

Geological boundaries

Stratigraphy

Lithology

Tectonics

Rivers Infrastructure - towns, roads, railway


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GIS-based (ArcGIS) portfolio management tools can apply in

the exploration workflow and it represented be a funnel, starting

from play mapping through early lead identification, maturation

into prospects, subsequent drilling and discovery with finallybooking and handover to production.

Key datasets stored via ArcGIS or made available within it. This

data includes play, lead and prospect, well, geophysical and

geological data.


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A play is a group of reservoirs genetically related by

depositional origin, structural style or trap type, source

rocks, and seals. Plays are determined on the basis of

correlation of chronozones, identification of structural

and depositional styles, construction of composite type

logs of fields, organization of geological data (such as

maps and cross sections of type reservoirs), and

compilation of geologic and reservoir attribute data on all

reservoirs.


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Exploration requires the analysis of a lot of different types of

data such as satellite imagery, digital aerial photo mosaics,

seismic surveys, surface geology studies, subsurface and

cross section interpretations and images, well locations, and

existing infrastructure information. A GIS can tie these data

together to the location in question and allow you to

overlay, view, and manipulate the data in the form of a map

to thoroughly analyze the potential for finding new or

extending play potential. Geologists, geophysicists,engineers and petro-physicists usually perform exploration

evaluation.


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Saving time for designing seismic survey by low safety risk byselecting the best routes for seismic acquisition by usingtopographical evaluation from satellite images and topographicalmaps.

Saving costs.

Use input data from different softwares by different formats.

Data visualization through the use of symbology.

Mapping of digital databases.

Data representation in different forms such as maps, charts, datatables and query results.


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The Geological Survey brings GIS in the heart of the

geological data management process.

GIS allows the integration of technologies and

interpretations - a whole range of ideas, data andanalyses can be brought to problem solving that we have

not seen before.


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Lead: Subsurface feature with the potential to have entrappedoil or gas, and which is constrained by at least two intersectingtraverses (e.g. seismic lines).

Play: A set of common ingredients related to trap, charge,

reservoir, seal, and timing that conspire to form similar types ofhydrocarbon accumulation.

Portfolio Management: Process by which the (exploration)portfolio is managed to achieve multiple and conflictingobjectives. Involves continually testing scenarios for futureproduction growth whilst trying to balance long term and short

term requirements, the need to deliver both value and volume,meet cost targets, deliver robust projects with a suitable balanceof risk and reward whilst keeping within spending limits.


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Prospect: Subsurface feature with the potential to have entrapped oilor gas, and which has a relatively well-defined geometry from available

data based on several traverses (e.g. seismic lines).

Seal: Rock layer impermeable to hydrocarbons which either overlies(top seal) or underlies (seat seal) or laterally seals (sealing fault, salt

diapir) a reservoir rock.

Trap: Structure composed of reservoir rock enclosed in sealing rock

capable of retaining hydrocarbons.


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1.http://www.crealp.ch/fr/accueil/ressources/documents-a-

telecharger/category/138-publications.html?download=105:sion-method-

abstract.

2.http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/crp/bramadan/crp514/Termpapers/Term102/7%20-

%20Term102%20-%20Report%20-%20Mohammed%20Yasin.pdf.

3.http://www.utsa.edu/lrsg/Teaching/EES6513/Projects/Mineral%20Exploration%

20using%20GIS%20Final.pdf.

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