gis and cad - vsm

1

GIS AND CAD

LAB MANUAL

IV YEAR I SEMESTER B.Tech.

(CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Name:

Roll No:

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

VSM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

RAMACHANDRAPURAM

GIS AND CAD LAB, VSMCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

INDEX


INDEX

S.No Expt

No.

Date Name of the

Experiment

Page

No.

Marks Date of

Submission

Signature

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14


STAAD PRO


STAAD PRO (Structural Analysis And Design)

1. Introduction

STAAD Pro is an application software for the analysis and design of a wide variety of

structures. The basic activities which are to be carried out to achieve the goal are,

I. Model generation. a. Creating Structural geometry

i. Using STAAD GUI(Graphical User Interface)

ii. Input file

b. Defining member properties

c. Defining material constants

d. Specifying supports

e. Applying loads

f. Adding the analysis and design specifications

II. Perform analysis.

III. Result verification a. Graphical verification – from the result menu bar.

b. Numerical verification – output file

IV. Report generation

2. The STAAD Pro screen organization The STAAD Pro screen has five major elements.

2.1 menu bar

This is located at the top of the screen. The menu bar gives access to all the

facilities of STAAD Pro.

2.2 Tool bar

The dockable tool bar gives access to the most frequently used commands.

2.3 The page control

The page control is a set of tabs that appear to the left of the main window. There

are two rows of tabs for accessing pages and subpages. Each page allows access to some

subpage and each subpage allows to perform specific tasks. The organization of the pages

from top to bottom represents the logical sequence of the operations, for example, in

general page we have the following sub pages -member properties, specification, supports

and load.


2.4 Data area

The right side of the screen is called the data area where different dialog boxes,

tables etc appear depending on the type of operation which is This coordinate system is a

rectangular coordinate system (X,Y,Z) which follows the orthogonal right hand rule.

performing. For example when the geometry –beam page is selected the data area

contains the node-coordinate table and the member incidences table.

2.5 Input generation

The input file is a text file consisting of a series of commands, which are executed

sequentially. The commands contain either instructions or data pertaining to analysis and

design. The STAAD input file can be created through a text editor or with the help of the

GUI modelling facility. The GUI modelling facility creates the input file through an

interactive menu driven graphics oriented procedure. The user communicates with the

STAAD through the input file.

2.6 Types of structures

A structure can be defined as an assemblage of elements. Different types of

structures supported by STAAD are,

1. SPACE structure

It is a three dimensional framed structure with loads applied in any plane.

2. PLANE structure

It is bounded by a global X_Y coordinate system with loads in the same plane.

3. TRUSS structure

It consists of truss members which can have only axial member forces and no

bending in the members.

4. FLOOR structure

It can be a two or three dimensional structure having no horizontal (global X or Z)

movement of the structure[Fx, Fz and My are restrained at every point].

2.7 Structure geometry and coordinate system

STAAD uses two types of coordinate systems th define the structure geometry

and loading patterns.

1. Global Coordinate system

It is an arbitrary coordinate system in space which is utilized to specify

the overall geometry and loading patter of the structure. The following coordinate

systems are available for the specification of structure geometry.

a. Cartesian coordinate system

b. Cylindrical coordinate system


In this coordinate system the conventional Cartesian coordinate system

are replaced by R (radius) and (angle in degrees). The Z coordinate is identical

to the Z coordinate of the Cartesian system.

c. Reverse cylindrical coordinate system

This is a cylindrical type coordinate system where R- plane corresponds to the X-Z of the

Cartesian system. The right hand rule is used to determine the positive direction of the y axis.

2. Local coordinate system

A local coordinate system is associated with each member and is utilized

in member end forces output or local load specification.

2.8 Member properties

There are several options available for defining member properties. They are,

a. Prismatic property specifications

b. Standard steel shapes from built in section library

c. User created tables

d. Tapered sections

e. Assign command

2.9 Supports

STAAD allows specifications of supports that are parallel as well as inclined to

the global axes. Supports can be specified as,

a. FIXED : A fixed support has restraints against all 6 directions of movement.

b. PINNED : A pinned support has restraints against 3 directions of forces and 3

moments are released.

c. FIXED BUT : In this support we can have a maximum of 6 number of releases

(free). A roller support is represented by restraining the Fy and releasing all the other.

2.10 Loads

STAAD support any number of load cases and load combinations. Each load case

can have,

a. Self weight: self weight of the structure is applied as uniformly distributed

member load in the structure.

b. Nodal loads: Both forces and moments are applied at the joints of the structure.

c. Member loads: It can be either uniform force/moment, concentrated

force/moment, linearly varying, trapezoidal, hydrostatic etc.

d. Floor loads: It calculates the tributary area of members and the corresponding

member loads in a particular area.

e. Wind loads

f. Temperature loads

g. Seismic loads etc…


2.11 Analysis facilities STAAD offers two analysis engines.

a. STAAD engine for general purpose structural analysis and design.

b. STARDYNE engine for advanced analysis and design.

2.12 design operations

STAAD provides the facilities for designing the following types of structures,

a. steel

b. concrete

c. timber

d. aluminium

e. shear wall

It also supports almost all national codes (including IS 456 and IS800).

2.13 The post processing mode

The post processing mode offers graphical result verification and visualization

facilities.

a. Result Menu

This menu displays various types of graphical results superimposed on the

structure in the main window area. The options include deflection, shear force,

bending moment etc.

b. Report Menu

In the report menu option we can add all the possible details of the

structure as text and as picture.


Expt.1 ANALYSIS &DESIGN OF CONTINUES BEAM

AIM : Analyse and Design of given RCC beam as shown in Fig. use Fe415 & M20 cross section of beam is 300mmX450mm.


Expt.2 ANALYSIS &DESIGN OF CONTINOUS BEAM

AIM : Analyse and Design of given RCC beam as shown in Fig. use Fe415 & M20 cross section of beam is 300mmX450mm.


Expt.3 ANALYSIS &DESIGN OF SINGLE BAY FRAME

AIM: Analyse and Design of given Single bay frame as shown in Fig.. Use M20 & Fe415 Take C/s of column- 500mmX500mm C/s of beam – 300mmX450mm


Expt.4 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TWO BAY FRAME AIM: Analyse and design of GIVEN two bay frame as shown in Fig. Adopt M25 & Fe415.Use C/s of beam is 300mm X450mm and C/s of column 500mmX500mm.


Expt.5 ANALYSIS &DESIGN OF SPACE FRAME

AIM: Analyse and design of given space frame as shown in Fig. Adopt M25 & Fe415.Use C/s of

beams@6m is 300mm X450mm,C/s of beams @ 4m is 300mmX300mm and C/s of columns

500mmX500mm.Live load on beam @4m is 7.5 Kn/m and live load on beam @ 6m is 15 KN/m.


Expt.6 ANALYSIS &DESIGN OF TRUSS

AIM: Analysis and design of steel truss as shown in Fig.


Expt.7 ANALYSIS &DESIGN OF BOX CULVERT

AIM: Analyse and design of given RCC culvert shown in Fig.

Adopt M25 & Fe415.Take thickness of slab is 300mm.


GIS LAB


Expt.8 GEO-RECTIFICATION OF TOPOSHEET

Aim:To geo-rectification of a given toposheet using ArcGIS Apparatus: Computer with ArcGIS

software:

Procedure:

1. Open Toposheet in ArcMap

2. Right Click on Menubar > Georefrencing Tool

3. Zoom In to one of the co-ordinate point.

4. Select “Add Control Points” from Georeferencing Tool.

5. Click at the junction of Lat-Long. And Right Click .

6. Select “Input X,Y”

7. Enter the co-ordinate values into X & Y textfields.

8. Do that for all the four corners.

9. Select Georeferencing > Rectify > Select File name > OK

10. Close ArcMap. Open New one… Add Data > Open the rectified Image

11. Check the co-ordinates

OBSERVATION 1. My Toposheet # is 99 X/9

2. After adding the Georeferencing Tool, gave the co-ordinate vales as below…

3. Top Left Co-ordinate : 99o99’99” lat, 99o99’99” long

4. Top Right Co-ordinate : 99o99’99” lat, 99o99’99” long

5. Bottom Left Co-ordinate : 99o99’99” lat, 99o99’99” long

6. Bottom Right Co-ordinate : 99o99’99” lat, 99o99’99” long

7. Select Rectify in Georeferencing tool.

8. Specify the file name.

9. Now opened the rectified Map in a new ArcMap. Now I can see the co-ordinates in the status

bar.

10. OK


Expt.9 DIGITIZATION

Aim: To convert the given toposheet into a GIS readable format.

Apparatus: Computer with ArcGIS software:

Procedure:

Start -> All Programs -> ArcGIS -> ArcMap

File -> Add Data

“Select a Toposheet or Map from a Directory/Folder”

Start -> All Programs -> ArcGIS -> ArcCatalog

“Select a Location”

Right click -> New -> Shapefile

Name : “ROADS” ; Feature Type : “Polyline” ; OK

Similarly, create different shapefiles for different features on the Map/Toposheet

Close ArcCatalog

In ArcMap, File -> Add Data

Add all the shapefiles just created in ArcCatalog

Change the properties (Color, shape etc…) of the features…

Right Click on Menu Bar -> Editor

Editor -> Start Editing -> Select the layer from the Target

Select the sketch tool and start drawing the features

Editor -> Save Edits


Expt.10 THEMATIC MAP GENERATION

Aim: To Create a Thematic map( Roads) using Arc GIS

Apparatus: Computer with Arc GIS software:

Procedure:

1. Attributes are the fields in database which store the information about a particular feature. The

data in these attributes are used for different analytical purposes.

2. Editor > Stop Editing (SAVE)

3. Right click on the layer (ex ROADS) > Open Attribute Table.

4. Options > Add Field

5. Name : “Road_Name”

6. Type : “Text”

7. Length : 30

8. OK

9. Similarly, other attributes.

10. Editor > Start Editing

11. Select a Road

12. Type in the details of the road.

13. Editor > Save Editing

CORRECTING ERRORS

1. ERRORS are inevitable. First we have to correct those errors before moving further…

2. POINT ERRORS : Misplacing of the point.

3. POLYGON ERRORS : Mismatch in the shape.

a. Double click on the polygon

b. Move the vertices to the correct shape

4. LINE ERRORS : Mismatch in the shape, dangles, over shoots and undershoots.

a. Double click on the line.

b. Move the vertices to correct shape

c. To correct overshoots and undershoots, Add Advanced Editing from the Toolbar

d. Select TRIM to remove overshoots

e. Select EXTEND to remove undershoots


Expt.11 FEATURES ESTIMATION

Aim: To estimate the features of given map using ArcGIS.

Apparatus: Computer with ArcGIS software

Procedure:

1. Goto Start > All Programs > ArcGIS > ArcMap

2. ArcMap will open

3. The left side frame is for the layer added

4. The right side frame is for the display of the selected layers

5. Select File > Add data

6. File Selection dialog box will appear.

7. Select the path where the toposheets are saved.

8. I have selected Toposheet # 99 X/9 from the list.

9. The Toposheet belongs to X-Y-Z area.

10. The Toposheet is of 1:50,000 scale.

11. The heights and contours are in meters and contour intervals are in 20m intervals.

12. The co-ordinate extents are 99o99’99” lat, 99o99’99” long

13. I could see lots of features on my Toposheet like Roads, Waterbodies, Villages etc …

14. All the features have been symbolized : Red lines as Roads, Blue color for waterbodies,

15. My next work is to Digitize all the features in the Toposheet.

16. To Digitze, I have to first create the shapefiles for the feature

17. To create shapefiles, we have to open ArcCatalog fro Start > All Programs > ArcGIS

18. In ArcCatalog, I specified the path of my folder which is D:\GIS\Trainings\<my roll no>

19. To create shapefile, Right Click on the Right frame, Select NEW and Shapefile.

20. A dialog box will appear, type “ROADS” in Name and select the Feature Type from the

dropdown list as “Polyline”

21. Click on OK . A shapefile by the name “ROADS” has been created.

22. Similarly, I have created as many shapefiles as the features in my Toposheet # ________

23. List of shapefiles : ROADS, WATERBODIES, ….

24. After creating the shapefiles in ArcCatalog, I closed the ArcCatalog.

25. In ArcMap, I added the shapefiles using File > Add Data.

26. I can change the properties (Color, Size, Angle etc… ) of the features added in the layer.

27. The next job is to digitize the features.

28. For this, I have added Editor Toolbar by Right Clicking on the Menu Bar.

29. In the Editor Toolbar, Select Start Editing option

30. Then select the layer from the “Target” which I want to Digitize.

31. I selected the Sketch tool from the Editor Toolbar and then started drawing

32. The Lines, Points, Polyogns features have been selected.

33. The Editor > Save Edits will save the shapefiles.

34. File > Save will save the whole layout in .MXD (Map eXtended Document) format.


Expt.12 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL

Aim: To Develop a Digital Elevation model using ArcGIS.


Procedure:

Run ArcMap and add the DEM file to a new view

If promted to create pyramids for the DEM, click OK. Pyramids enable the file to

redraw faster.

Use the zoom tools to create an ideal view of the desired study area.

If the Spatial Analyst dropdown menu is NOT visible, select Tools > Extensions and

make sure Spatial Analyst has a check in the box beside the listing.

Select View > Toolbars > Spatial Analyst.

From the Spatial Analyst dropdown menu, select "Options". The Options dialogue

box appears.

From the General Tab, use the browse button to define a working directory where the

clip results will be saved.

From the Extent Tab, select "same as display"

From the Cell Size Tab, select "minimum of inputs"

To accept these options and return to the map window, click OK.

Using the Raster Calculator

Select Spatial Analyst > Raster Calculator...

The Raster Calculator dialogue box appears.

In the expression box at the bottom of the window enter the following text:

newfilename = [DEMfilename]

Click "Evaluate".

The clipped DEM is added to the data view. Turn off the original DEM layer and zoom

out a bit to see only the clipped DEM.

To adjust the colour scheme, double click the new DEM layer. The Layer Properties

dialogue box appears.

Select the "Symbology" tab.

From the "Colour Ramp" dropdown, choose a suitable colour scheme. The selection

shown below is good for displaying elevation data.


Expt.13 WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT

Aim: To develop a watershed in a given map using ArcGIS.


Procedure:

1. Goto Start > All Programs > ArcGIS > ArcMap

2. ArcMap will open

3. The left side frame is for the layer added

4. The right side frame is for the display of the selected layers

5. Select File > Add data

6. File Selection dialog box will appear.

7. Select the path where the toposheets are saved.

8. I have selected Toposheet # 99 X/9 from the list.

9. The Toposheet belongs to X-Y-Z area.

10. The Toposheet is of 1:50,000 scale.

11. The heights and contours are in meters and contour intervals are in 20m intervals.

12. The co-ordinate extents are 99o99’99” lat, 99o99’99” long

13. I could see lots of features on my Toposheet like Roads, Waterbodies, Villages etc …

14. All the features have been symbolized : Red lines as Roads, Blue color for waterbodies,

15. My next work is to Digitize all the features in the Toposheet.

16. To Digitze, I have to first create the shapefiles for the feature

17. To create shapefiles, we have to open ArcCatalog fro Start > All Programs > ArcGIS

18. In ArcCatalog, I specified the path of my folder which is D:\GIS\Trainings\<my roll no>

19. To create shapefile, Right Click on the Right frame, Select NEW and Shapefile.

20. A dialog box will appear, type “ROADS” in Name and select the Feature Type from the

dropdown list as “Polyline”

21. Click on OK . A shapefile by the name “ROADS” has been created.

22. Similarly, I have created as many shapefiles as the features in my Toposheet # ________

23. List of shapefiles : WATERBODIES, ….

24. After creating the shapefiles in ArcCatalog, I closed the ArcCatalog.

25. In ArcMap, I added the shapefiles using File > Add Data.

26. I can change the properties (Color, Size, Angle etc… ) of the features added in the layer.

27. The next job is to digitize the features.

28. For this, I have added Editor Toolbar by Right Clicking on the Menu Bar.

29. In the Editor Toolbar, Select Start Editing option

30. Then select the layer from the “Target” which I want to Digitize.

31. I selected the Sketch tool from the Editor Toolbar and then started drawing

32. The Lines, Points, Polyogns features have been selected.

33. The Editor > Save Edits will save the shapefiles.

34. File > Save will save the whole layout in .MXD (Map eXtended Document) format.

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