gipa introduction
TRANSCRIPT
ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIANHTTP: / /WWW.ONNIK-KR IKOR IAN.COM
HTTP : / /WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/ONEWMPHOTO HTTP : / /WWW.TWITTER .COM/ONEWMPHOTO
NAGORNO KARABAKH © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 1994
POST-ELECTION OPPOSITION PROTEST, ARMENIA © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 2003
44-YEAR-OLD TUBERCULOSIS SUFFERER, ARMENIA © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 2004
GLOBAL VOICESGlobal Voices is a community of more than 300 blogger s and translator s around the wor ld who work together to br ing reader s repor ts from blogs and cit izen media ever ywhere , with an emphasis on voices that are not ordinar i ly heard in the mainstream media. Global Voices is translated into more than 30 languages by volunteer translator s, who have formed the Lingua project. Addit ional ly, Global Voices has an Advocacy and Ris ing Voices s ites.
GLOBAL VOICES IMPACTFour websites most consistently account for l inks between countr ies: YouTube , Wikipedia, the BBC and, a distant four th, Global Voices Online . The last of these , launched at Har vard Univer sity in 2005 […] works to create l inks between blogger s in dif ferent countr ies, and to find what it cal ls “br idge blogger s” […]
THE ECONOMIST, 2 SEPTEMBER 2010
SPECIAL COVERAGE
THE MEDIA
DATA: FREEDOM HOUSE
CAUCASUS RESEARCH RESOURCE CENTERS (CRRC)
THE MEDIA
DATA: CAUCASUS RESEARCH RESOURCE CENTERS (CRRC)
How well TV journalists inform the population (%) CB 2012
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia 12%
7%
8%
4%
8%
11%
8%
9%
19%
49%
28%
42%
21%
33%
16%
6%
14%
4%
Very well Quite well In the middle Quite poorly Very poorly Don't know
THE INTERNET
THE INTERNET
DATA:
CAUCASUS RESEARCH RESOURCE CENTERS (CRRC) CAUCASUS BAROMETER 2012
0
18
35
53
70
Social Networks Skype Search Email News Music/Videos
222224
50
34
70
37
16
31
59
30
50
19
2522
46
5453
0
13
25
38
50
Internet access from PC Internet access from a cell phone
9
29
1516
24
42
ArmeniaAzerbaijanGeorgia
0
15
30
45
60
Every day Less frequently Never Don't know what the Internet is
6
49
19
26
12
59
1511
2
46
19
33
THE INTERNET
SOUTH C AUC ASUSARMENIA
• Februar y 2008 Presidential Election• 10 dead, State of Emergency declared
• Politically polarised blogosphere, donor focus on alternative media
GEORGIA
• Foreign radio stations deprived of licenses in Januar y 2009
• Increase in number of blogs• ‘Donkey Bloggers’
GEORGIA
• August 2008 war with Russia
• Activity mostly on forums, but more blogs appearing
NAGORNO KARABAKH• 25,000 DEAD UNTIL 1994 CEASEFIRE
• 1 MILLION REFUGEES AND IDPS DISPLACED FROM THEIR HOMES
• 16 PERCENT OF AZERBAIJAN CONTROLLED BY ARMENIAN FORCES
• BORDER SKIRMISHES AND CLASHES, INCREASE IN SNIPER INCIDENTS
• NEW GENERATIONS OF ARMENIANS AND AZERBAIJANIS LIVING WITHOUT CONTACT WITH THE OTHER
• CONFLICT USED AS A POLITICAL TOOL IN ARMENIA AND AZERBAIJAN
• PEACE STILL ELUSIVE
NAGORNO KARABAKH[…] people are often inclined to consider their existing
attitudes and beliefs to be true and filter the news through this
lens. Thus, they accept messages in order to maintain their original perceptions. […] bias in the local media [...] serves as a means to
fuel and perpetuate hatred. This is a role the media has and
continues to play with regards to the conflict over Nagorno
Karabakh.
ARMENIAN AND AZERBAIJANI INTERNATIONAL NEWS COVERAGE, CAUCASUS
RESEARCH RESOURCE CENTERS (CRRC)
http://epfound.am/files/mb_fg_report_finalized_edited_12.27.2008.doc
NAGORNO KARABAKH[A] negative context [is set] in the public consciousness,
which hinders dialogue and mutual understanding [. . .] Without more accurate and unbiased information [ . . .]
free of negative rhetor ic and stereotypes, Armenians and
Azerbaijanis will continue to see themselves as enemies
without any common ground.
ARMENIAN AND AZERBAIJANI INTERNATIONAL NEWS COVERAGE, CAUCASUS RESEARCH RESOURCE CENTERS (CRRC) http://epfound.am/files/mb_fg_report_finalized_edited_12.27.2008.doc
NAGORNO KARABAKH
NAGORNO KARABAKH
RUSSIAN MILITARY ROAD BLOCK, ROAD TO GORI © ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN 2008
Anyone who believes that al l cit izen media are objective and impar tial is either mad or hasn't actually read
any citizen media. […] What's become very difficult is
using citizen media to understand what's actually
happening on the ground. […] This sor t of situation can get
even more complicated when there aren't impar tial journalists on the ground.
ETHAN ZUCKERMAN http://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/ar ticles/13149/
RUSSIA-GEORGIA WAR
ANOTHER ALTERNATIVE?In the 21st centur y, media has begun to affect war more
than ever before . Digital media technologies [...] have
increased communication and information dissemination
in conflict settings [...]. These new tools can be used to
foment violence or to foster peace , and it is possible to build communication systems that encourage dialogue and nonviolent polit ical solutions.
DIGITAL MEDIA IN CONFLICT PRONE SOCIETIES
http://cima.ned.org/publications/research-reports/digital-media-conflict-prone-societies
GLOBAL VOICES
FACEBOOK & TWITTER
NAGORNO KARABAKH
SMS AND TWITTERCRISIS MAPPINGPHOTOGRAPHYVIDEOAUDIOLIVE STREAMING
MOBILE REPORTING
ALTERNATIVE NARRATIVES
We hear far too l itt le of what I cal l this “third narrative” of the Armenian-Azerbaijani confl ict, a narrative of peace . It spins the idea that the two people are capable of getting along fine , have l ived together in the past and, if polit icians are able to overcome differences […], can l ive together in the future . International mediator s are too times to speak this
narrative or feel that is not their business. The media in both
countries suppresses it.
CAUCASUS CONFLICT VOICES, MAY 2011 THOMAS DE WAAL, CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE HTTP://PEACE.ONEWORLD.AM/CONFLICT_VOICES_MAY_2011.HTML
ALTERNATIVE NARRATIVES
THE MEDIA AND ICT4D
USHAHIDI CRIS IS .NET
A CYBER UTOPIA?The reason why the KGB wants you to join Facebook is
because it al lows them to learn more about you from afar. It
al lows them to identify certain social graphs and social
connections between activists. Many of these relationships are now self-disclosed by activists by joining var ious groups.
EVGENY MOROZOV, THE NET DELUSION: DARK SIDE OF INTERNET FREEDOM
http://www.rferl.org/content/interview_morozov_internet_democracy_promotion/ 2284105.html
A CYBER UTOPIA?I study the ways new media shapes people's perceptions
of the wor ld. It's my fond hope that social networks such as Facebook wil l help user s broaden their per spectives by l istening to a different set of people than they encounter in
their daily l i fe . But I fear services such as Facebook may
be turning us into imaginary cosmopolitans.
CNN, DOES FACEBOOK UNITE OR DIVIDE US? http://edition.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/08/03/zuckerman.facebook.global/
FOREIGN FIGHTERSThe use of social media among young people going to join
rebel groups in Syr ia and Iraq has exploded. It is their main source of information and communication. The consequences for society of so many people being exposed to the violence and brutality of war and to radical extremist groups at the forefront of the fighting are unpredictable , but unlikely to be positive .
RICHARD BARRETT, UNITED NATIONS COUNTERTERRORISM TASKFORCE (CTITF) CO-FOUNDER
http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/25167/while-jihad-waged-iraq-and-syria-counter-narratives-go-online
COUNTER NARRATIVESAttractive alternative narratives can contr ibute to the
prevention of radicalization and recruitment if they are delivered to the target audience by trusted sources. […] community leaders that are informed of potential radicalisation and recruitment to violent extremism in their own communities are better par tners in effor ts to counter violent extremism in those communities.
DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE COUNTER-NARRATIVES IN COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM
(CVE), HEDAYAH CENTRE. SEPTEMBER 2014
COUNTER NARRATIVES• Positive and Alternative Narratives
• Strategic Counter Narratives
• Ethical Counter Narratives
• Ideological and Religious Counter Narratives
• Tactical Counter Narratives
• Humour and Satire
DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE COUNTER-NARRATIVES IN COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM
HEDAYAH CENTER, SEPTEMBER 2014
CYBER REALISM[...] the internet is not magic; it is a tool. Anyone
who wants to use it to br ing nations closer together has to show initiative , and be ready to travel physically as well as vir tually. As with the telegraph before it—also hailed as a tool
of peace — the internet does nothing on its own.
THE ECONOMIST, A CYBER-HOUSE DIVIDED
http://www.economist.com/node/16943885?stor y_id=16943885
DISCUSSIONEMAIL
WEB http://www.onnik-krikorian.com
http://www.conflict-voices.net
FACEBOOK http://www.facebook.com/onewmphotohttp://www.facebook.com/conflictvoices
TWITTER http://www.twitter.com/onewmphoto
http://www.twitter.com/caucasusproject
