giaotrinhtoefl-130516000515-phpapp01

7/27/2019 giaotrinhtoefl-130516000515-phpapp01

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Gio trnh Toefl [email protected]

FOR MOR INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT

++1. Ch ng (subject).

1.1 !"nh t# $%& $'c * +hng $%& $'c.

1.- u/n t# " ("n) * the

1.0 C/ch s 23ng Othe4 * "n5the4.1.6 C/ch s 23ng 78tte49 " 78tte4, :e;9 " :e;

1.< S= hu c/ch

1.> S5&e, "n?

++-. @ng t# ( e4b)

-.1 B8n tD8 (4esent)

-.1.1 B8ntD8 $n g8Gn (s8&7e 4esent)

-.1.- B8n tD8 t8% 28Hn (4esent 45g4ess8e)

-.1.0 P4esent e4:ect ( h8n tD8 h5*n th*nh)

-.1.6 B8n tD8 h5*n th*nh t8% 28Hn ( 4eset e4:ect 45g4ess8e)

-.- u/ +h ( P"st)

-.-.1 u/ +h $n g8Gn (s8&7e "st)

-.-.- u/ +h t8% 28Hn (P"st 45g4es8e).

-.-.0 u/ +h h5*n th*nh ("st e4:ect).

-.-.6 u/ +h h5*n th*nh t8% 28Hn ("st e4:ect 45g4ess8e).

-.0 T'ng 7"8

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-.0.1 T'ng 7"8 $n g8Gn (s8&7e :utu4e)

-.0.- T'ng 7"8 t8% 28Hn ( :utu4e 45g4ess8e)

-.0.0 T'ng 7"8 h5*n th*nh (:utu4e e4:ect)

++0. SJ h5* h g8" ch ng * $ng t#.

0.1 Ch ng $ng t/ch +hK8 $ng t#.

0.- C/c 2"nh t# 7un $8 hK8 $ng t# * $D8 t# s 8t.

0.0 C/ch s 23ng n5ne, n5

0.6 C/ch s 23ng cu t4c e8the4 ... 54 * ne8the4 ... n54.

0.< C/c 2"nh t# t thQ0.> C/ch s 23ng A nu&be4 5:9 the nu&be4 5:

0. C/c 2"nh t# 7un 2ng = s nh8u.

0. C/ch 2ng c/c th*nh ng The4e 8s, the4e "4e

++6. @D8 t#

6.1 @D8 t# nhUn V'ng ch ng (Subject 45n5un)

6.- @D8 t# nhUn V'ng tUn ng

6.0 TWnh t# s= hu

6.6 @D8 t# s= hu

6.< @D8 t# hGn thUn (4e:7eV8e 45n5un)

++


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4/128


1-.- !8Hn $Dt cUu $8u +8n.

1-.-.1 @8u +8n ca thQ thJc h8n $'c = thf8 h8n tD8.

1-.-.- @8u +8n +hng thQ thJc h8n $'c = thf8 h8n tD8.

1-.-.0 @8u +8n +hng thQ thJc h8n $'c = thf8 ù/ +h.

1-.-.6 C/c c/ch 2ng $Zc b8t c" ^877, ;5u72 * s5u72 t45ng c/c&nh $ 8:

++10. C/ch s 23ng th*nh ng "s 8:, "s th5ugh.

10.1 Thf8 h8n tD8.

10.- Thf8 ù/ +h.

++16. C/ch s 23ng $ng t# T5 h5e * t5 ;8sh.

16.1 Thf8 t'ng 7"8.

16.- Thf8 h8n tD8

16.0 Thf8 ù/ +h.

++1


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1.0 Must

++1. C/ch s 23ng c/c $ng t# +h8%& +hu?%t $Q 28%n $Dt c/c t4Dng th/8 =thf8 `u/ +h.

++-. tWnh t# * ha t# ("2ject8e "n2 "2e4b).

++-1. @ng t# n8.

++--. S5 s/nh c" tWnh t# * 2"nh t#

--.1 S5 s/nh b[ng.

--.- S5 s/nh hn, +&

--.0 S5 s/nh h 7--.6 C/c 2Dng s5 s/nh $Zc b8t

--.< S5 s/nh $" b

--.> S5 s/nh + (c*ng ....thi c*ng)

--. N5 s55ne4 ... th"n (#" &\8 ... thi chng b"5 7Uu ... thi)

++-0. !Dng ngu?Xn, s5 s/nh hn * s5 s/nh hn nht.

++-6. C/c 2"nh t# 7*& chc nkng tWnh t#

++-.0 C"use "n2 e::ect

++-. Mt s t# n8 &"ng tWnh $8u +8n

++-. CUu bd $ng

++-. @ng t# gU? ngu?Xn nhUn

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-.1 B"e9 get 9 &"+e

-.- Let

-.0 Be7

++0. m" $ng t# $Zc b8t

++01. Cu t4c hc h * $D8 t# `u"n h th"? th%

01.1 Th"t * ^h8ch 7*& ch ng c" cUu h3

01.- Th"t * ;8ch 7*& tUn ng c" cUu h3

01.0 ^h5 7*& ch ng c" cUu h3

01.6 ^h5& 7*& tUn ng c" cUu h301.< Mnh $ h3 bot buc * &nh $ h3 +hng bot buc

01.> Tp& `u"n t4qng c" 2u hr? t45ng &nh $ h3

01. C/ch s 23ng A77 9 b5th9 see4"7 9 &5st ... ] 5: ] ;h5& 9 ;h8ch

01. ^h"t * ;h5se

++0-. C/ch 75D8 bK c/c &nh $ h3

++00. C/ch s 23ng hUn t# 1 t45ng &t s t4'fng h $Zc b8t

++06. C/ch s 23ng ngu?Xn &u h5*n th*nh

++0


7/128


0>.6 !ng \8 &t s t4'fng h +h/c

0>.< CUu g8G $dnh 2ng \8 8t 8s t8&e

++0. L8 na8 b"5 h*&

0.1 N5t 5n7? ... but "7s5 (+hng nhng ... &* cn)

0.- As ;e77 "s (cng nh', cng nh' 7*)

0.0 m5th ... "n2 ( cG ... 7n )

++0. C/ch s 23ng t5 +n5; * t5 +n5; h5;

++0. Mnh $ nh'ng b

0.1 !es8te 9 8n s8te 5: (&Zc 2)

0.- "7th5ugh, een th5ugh, th5ugh

++6. Nhng $ng t# 2H gU? nhp& 7n

++61. Mt s $ng t# $Zc b8t +h/c.

Phpn IIPhpn II

T8%ng Anh 8%tT8%ng Anh 8%tI. C/c 78 th'fng gZ t45ng t8%ng "nh 8%t

++6-. SJ h5* h c" thf8 $ng t#

++60. C/ch s 23ng t5 s"?, t5 te77

++66. T# $8 t4'\c $Q g8\8 th8u

++6


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6>.0 @ng t# ngu?Xn thQ chl &3c $Wch &= $pu ch5 &nh $ h3

6>.6 Ng 2"nh t# h5Zc ng g8\8 t# &= $pu &nh $ h3 chl sJt'ng ng

++6. PhUn t# 2ng 7*& tWnh t#

6.1 !ng hUn t# 1 7*& tWnh t#

6.- !ng hUn t# - 7*& tWnh t#

++6. Th#" (4e2un2"nc?)

++6. Cu t4c cUu s5ng s5ng

++


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10/128


* MZc 2 advertising7* 2"nh t# +hng $%& $'c, nh'ng advertisement7D8 7* 2"nh t# $%& $'c.

YW 23{

The4e "4e t55 &"n? "2e4t8se&ents 2u48ng te7e8s85n sh5;s.

The4e 8s t55 &uch "2e4t8s8ng 2u48ng te7e8s85n sh5;s.

Mt s 2"nh t# +hng $%& $'c nh'food, meat, money, sand, water, $8 7c $'c 2ng nh'c/c 2"nh t# $%& $'c $Q chl c/c 2Dng +h/c nh"u c" 75D8 2"nh t# $a.

YW 23{

Th8s 8s 5ne 5: the :552s th"t &? 25ct54 h"s :54b822en &e t5 e"t.(chl 4" &t 75D8 thc kn $Zc b8t n*5 $a)

Be stu28es &e"ts

( chng hDnpork, beef, lamb. ...)

Bng sau l cc nh ng dng c v danh t m c v khng m c.

!"nh t# $%& $'c (with count noun) !"nh t# +hng $%& $'c (with non-count noun)

" ("n), the, s5&e, "n?th8s, th"t, these, th5se,n5ne,5ne,t;5,th4ee,...&"n?" 75t 5:7ent? 5:" 7"4ge nu&be4 5:" g4e"t nu&be4 5:, " g4e"t &"n? 5:.(") :e;

:e; ... th"n&54e ... th"n

the, s5&e, "n?th8s, th"tn5n&uch (th'fng 2ng t45ng cUu h $dnh h5Zc cUu hK8" 75t 5:

" 7"4ge "&5unt 5:" g4e"t 2e"7 5:(") 78tt7e

7ess ... th"n&54e ... th"n

!"nh t# time n%u 2ng \8 nghy" thf8 g8"n 7* +hng $%& $'c nh'ng n%u 2ng \8 nghy" s 7pnh5Zc thf8 $D8 7D8 7* 2"nh t# $%& $'c.

YW 23{

^e h"e sent t55 &uch t8&e 5n th8s h5&e;54+.

She h"s been 7"te :54 c7"ss s8V t8&es th8s se&este4.

1.! "un t a #an$ v th%

1- a v an

an & c dng'

t4'\c 1 2"nh t# s Wt $%& $'c bot $pu b[ng 6 ngu?Xn U& (5;e7) ", e, 8, 5

h"8 b/n ngu?Xn U& u, ?

c/c 2"nh t# bot $pu b[ng h cU&.

W 23{ u { "n unc7e.

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h { "n h5u4 h5Zc t4'\c c/c 2"nh t# 8%t tot $'c $qc nh' 1 ngu?Xn U&.

YW 23{ "n L7"te, "n SOS, "n MP

a ' c dng'

t4'\c 1 2"nh t# bot $pu b[ng h3 U& (consonant).

2ng t4'\c &t 2"nh t# bot $pu b[nguni.

" un8e4s8t?, " un8:54&, " un8e4s"7, " un85n.

t4'\c 1 2"nh t# s Wt $%& $'c, t4'\c 1 2"nh t# +hng V/c $dnh c3 thQ &Zt $Zc $8Q&,tWnh cht, d t4W h5Zc $'c nhoc $%n 7pn $pu t45ng cUu.

$'c 2ng t45ng c/c th*nh ng chl s 7'ng nht $dnh.

YW 23 { " 75t 5:, " c5u7e, " 25~en, " g4e"t &"n?, " g4e"t 2e"7 5:.

2ng t4'\c nhng s $%& nht $dnh, $Zc b8t 7* chl h*ng t4k&, h*ng ng*n.

YW 23{ " hun24e2, " th5us"n2.

t4'\c half+h8 na the5 s"u 1 $n d ngu?Xn n.

YW 23{ " +875 "n2 " h"7: * cng ca thQ $qc 7* 5ne "n2 " h"7: +875s.(h) *{ 1 9- +g h"7: " +875 ( +hng ca at4'\c half).

2ng t4'\c half+h8 na $8 \8 1 2"nh t# +h/c tD5 th*nh t# gh.

YW 23 { " h"7:h5782"? n" + nghl, " h"7:sh"4e { n" c_ hpn.

2ng t4'\c c/c t s nh' 190, 1 96, 19


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YW 23 { The :84st ;ee+ the 5n7? ;"?.

he] 2t s Wt t'ng t4'ng ch5 &t nha& th t h5Zc $ t thi ca thQ bK the* $_8 2"nh t#s"ng s nh8u.

YW 23{ The ;h"7e h"7es, the sh"4+ sh"4+s, the 2ee:4ee~e 2ee :4ee~es.

Nh'ng $8 \8 2"nh t# man(chl 75*8 ng'f8) thi +hng ca `u/n t# (a, the) $ng t4'\c.

YW 23{ 8: 587 su78es 4un 5ut, &"n &"? h"e t5 :"77 b"c+ 5n the h54se.

+h% , danh t s5 6tchl th*nh 8Xn c" &t nha& ng'f8 nht $dnh.

YW 23{ the s&"77 sh5+eee4 8s :8n28ng 78:e 8nc4e"s8ng7? 28::8cu7t.

+h% , ad7 $D8 28n ch5 1 7\ ng'f8, na +hng ca hinh th/8 s nh8u nh'ng $'c c58 7* 1 2"nh t#s nh8u * $ng t# s"u na hG8 $'c ch8" = ng8 th 0 s nh8u.

YW 23{ the 572 ng'f8 g8* na8 chung The 28s"b7e2 nhng ng'f8 t*n tt The une&75?e2 nhng ng'f8 tht ngh8.

!ng t4'\c tXn c/c +hu Jc, ng $v n_8 t8%ng &Zt $d" 7 h5Zc 7dch s.

YW 23{ The Sh"h"4". The Nethe47"n2s. The At7"nt8c.

+h% , 8ast 9 :%st9 ;-uth9 h ?ng@ cc dn nh0c cA n@ cc Can nh0c hA thng.

YW 23{ the m"ch ch584, the Ph87"2enh8" O4chest4", the me"t7es.

+h% , t=n cc t C- ln9 cc c-n tEu Cn9 khnh kh6 cEu.

YW 23{ The T8t"n8c, the T8&e, the 4e"t m48t"8n.

+h% , t=n hF G s5 nh3uca nghy" 7* g8" $inh hq nh* ... YW 23{ the S&8ths M4 "n2 M4s S&8th ("n2 the84 ch8724en) h"? cn gq8 7* g8" $inh nh* S&8th.

+h% , +=n G s5 6t , c4m t9 m2nh 3ca thQ $'c s 23ng $Q hUn b8t ng'f8 n*? \8 ng'f8+h/c cng tXn.

YW 23{ e h"e t;5 M4 S&8ths. ^h8ch 25 ?5u ;"nt I ;"nt the M4 S&8th ;h5 s8gne2 th8s 7ette4.

hng 2ng thet4'\c 1 s 2"nh t# nh' *ome, church, bed, court, hospital, prison, school,college, university+h8 na $8 \8 $ng t# * g8\8 t# chl chu?Qn $ng (chl $8 t\8 $a 7*& &3c $WchchWnh).

YW 23{ Be 8s "t h5&e. I "448e2 h5&e be:54e 2"4+. I sent h8& h5&e.

t5 be2 ( $Q ng)

t5 chu4ch ($Q cpu ngu?n) t5 c5u4t ($Q +8n t3ng)

e g5 t5 h5s8t"7 (ch" bnh) t5 48s5n ($8 t) t5 sch557 9 c577ege9 un8e4s8t? ($Q hqc)

T'ng tJ

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8n be2"t chu4ch

e c"n be 8n c5u4t 8n h5s8t"7 "t sch5579 c577ege9 un8e4s8t?

ê c"n be 9 get b"c+ (h5Zc be9 get h5&e) :45& sch5579 c577ege9un8e4s8t?.

7e"e sch557 ê c"n 7e"e h5s8t"7

be 4e7e"se2 :45& 48s5n.

Y\8 &3c $Wch +h/c thi hG8 2ng the.

YW 23{

I ;ent t5 the chu4ch t5 see the st"8ne2 g7"ss.

Be g5es t5 the 48s5n s5&et8&es t5 g8e 7ectu4es.

Stu2ent g5 t5 the un8e4s8t? :54 " c7"ss "4t?.

z !ea5 t5 se" (th? th $8 b8Qn)

t5 be "t the se" (h*nh +h/ch9 thu th $8 t4Xn b8Qn)

5 t5 the se" 9 be "t the se" t5 g5 t59 be "t the se"s82e { $8 to& b8Qn, nghl &/t.

ê c"n 78e b? 9 ne"4 the se".

z "#r$ an% #&&ice.

^54+ (n8 7*& 8c) $'c s 23ng +hng ca the= t4'\c.

5 t5 ;54+.

nh'ng office7D8 hG8 ca the.

5 t5 the 5::8ce.

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N%ut5 be 8n 5::8ce (+hng ca the) nghy" 7* $"ng g8 chc.

T5 be 5ut 5: 5::8ce th8 g8 chc.

z #'n

heca thQ bK $8 +h8 na8 thd t4n c" ng'f8 na8 h5Zc c" ch thQ.

YW 23{

e g5 t5 t5;n s5&et8&es t5 bu? c75thes.ê ;e4e 8n t5;n 7"st M5n2"?.

o to town to be in town Y\8 &3c $Wch chWnh 7* $8 &u" h*ng.

Bng dng th% v khng dng th% t/-ng mHt s5 t/ng h Ic C2t.

ng the h+ng %ng the

z T4'\c c/c $D8 2'ng, sng ng8, b8Qn, dnh * z T4'\c tXn 1 h (h"? c/c h = s Wt).

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c/c h = s nh8u.YW 23{The Re2 se", the At7"nt8c Oce"n, the Pe4s8"nu7:, the 4e"t L"c+es.

z T4'\c tXn c/c 2v? n8.YW 23{

The R5c+e? M5ut"8ns.z T4'\c tXn 1 t thQ 2u? nht t4Xn th% g8\8 h5Zc

t43.YW 23{The e"4th, the &55n, the 4e"t ^"77

z T4'\c !choolcollegeuniversity + of] n5unYW 23{

The n8e4s8t? 5: F75482".The c577ege 5: A4ts "n2 Sc8ences.

z T4'\c c/c s th tJ ] n5un.

YW 23{The :84st ;5472 ;"4.The th842 ch"te4.z T4'\c c/c cuc ch8%n t4"nh +hu Jc \8 $8u

+8n tXn c/c +hu Jc $a hG8 $'c tWnh t# h5/. YW 23{ The 54e"n ;"4.

z T4'\c tXn c/c n'\c ca t# - t# t4= 7Xn. Ng5D8t4# reat ritain.

YW 23{ The n8te2 St"tes, the n8te2 8ng25&, the

Cent4"7 A:48c"7 Reub78c.z T4'\c tXn c/c n'\c $'c c58 7* 1 `upn $G5.

YW 23{ The Ph8788n.

z T4'\c c/c t*8 78u h5Zc sJ +8n &"ng tWnh 7dchs.

YW 23{ The c5nst8tut85n, the M"gn" C"4t".z T4'\c tXn c/c nha& 2Un tc th8Qu s.

YW 23{ The In28"ns, the A~tecs.z NXn 2ng t4'\c tXn c/c nhDc c3. YW 23{

T5 7"? the 8"n5.z T4'\c tXn c/c &n hqc c3 thQ. YW 23{ The "78e2 M"th. The the54et8c"7 Ph?s8cs.

YW 23{L"+e ene", L"+e E48e

z T4'\c tXn 1 ngqn n8YW 23{

M5unt Mc+8n7e?z T4'\c tXn c/c h*nh t8nh h5Zc c/c ch& s"5

YW 23{Yenus, M"4s, E"4th, O485n.

z T4'\c tXn c/c t4'fng n*? +h8 t4'\c na 7* 1 tXn48Xng.

YW 23{C55e4s A4t sch557, Stets5n n8e4s8t?.

z T4'\c c/c 2"nh t# &* s"u na 7* 1 s $%&.

YW 23{^5472 ;"4 5nech"te4 th4ee.z hng nXn 2ng t4'\c tXn c/c cuc ch8%n

t4"nh +hu Jc n%u tXn +hu Jc $Q ngu?Xn.

z T4'\c tXn c/c n'\c ca 1 t# nh' { !weden,Veneuela* c/c n'\c $'c $ng t4'\c b=8newh5Zc tWnh t# chl h'ng h'\ng.

YW 23{ Ne; e"7"n2, S5uth A:48c".

z T4'\c tXn c/c 73c $d", t8Qu b"ng, tlnh, th*nhh, `un, hu?n.YW 23{ Eu45e, C"78:54n8".

z T4'\c tXn bt c &n thQ th"5 n*5. YW 23{ m"se b"77, b"s+et b"77.z T4'\c tXn c/c 2"nh t# &"ng tWnh t4#u t'ng

t4# nhng t4'fng h $Zc b8t. YW 23{ F4ee25&, h"8ness.z T4'\c tXn c/c &n hqc chung.

YW 23{ M"the&"t8cs, S5c8575g?.z T4'\c tXn c/c ng*? 7H, t%t. YW 23{ Ch48st&"s, th"n+sg88ng.

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1.J (ch sK d4ng Lth%/ v an-th%/.B"8 t# n*? tu? g8ng nh"u &Zt ng nghy" nh'ng +h/c nh"u &Zt ng h/.

/ng v0i danh t1 $2m $"'c /ng v3i danh t1 kh&ng $2m $"'c

z "n5the4 ] 2t$-s 8t 1 c/8 n", 1 c/8 +h/c, 1

ng'f8 n", 1 ng'f8 +h/c. YW 23{ "n5the4 enc87z 5the4 ] 2t$-s nh8u &? c/8 n", &? c/8

+h/c, &? ng'f8 n", &? ng'f8 +h/c. YW 23{ 5the4 enc87s s5&e &54e.z the 5the4 ] 2t$- s nh8u nhng c/8 cu8

cng, nhng ng'f8 cu8 cng cn 7D8. YW 23{ the 5the4 enc87s "77 4e&"8n8ng enc87s

z the 5the4 ] 2t $-s Wt ng'f8 cu8 cng, c/8

cu8 cng c" 1 b, 1 nha&.z 5the4 ] 2t +hng $- 1 cht n".

YW 23{ 5the4 ;"te4 s5&e &54e ;"te4. 5the4 bee4 s5&e &54e bee4.z the 5the4 ] 2t +hng $- ch cn sat 7D8. YW 23{ The 5the4 bee4 the 4e&"8n8ng bee4. (ch b8"cn 7D8)

4nother* other7* +hng V/c $dnh t45ng +h8 the other7* V/c $dnh. N%u 2"nh t# h5Zc ch ng =t4Xn $v $'c h8Qu h5Zc $'c nhoc $%n, chl cpn 2ng another* othernh' 1 $D8 t# 7* $.

YW 23{

I 25nt ;"nt th8s b55+. P7e"se g8e &e "n5the4.

N%u 2"nh t# $'c th"? th% 7* s nh8u thi other$'c s 23ng the5 1 t45ng - c/ch (other]nounsh5Zc others) &* +hng b"5 g8f $'c s 23ng (others] !TSN).

Ca thQ 2ng $D8 t# th"? th% oneh5Zc onesch5 2"nh t# s"u another, the other* other.

L'u 4[ng this* thatca thQ 2ng \8 $D8 t# onenh'ng these* thosetu?t $8 +hng 2ng \8ones.

1.M (ch sK d4ng ltt%/9 a ltt%/@ N%O9 a N%O

Pttl% , dt khng m c{ 4t Wt, hpu nh' +hng.YW 23{

The4e 8s 78tt7e ;"te4 8n the b5tt7e.

I h"e 78tt7e &5ne?, n5t en5ugh t5 bu? g45ce48es.

Q lttl% , dt khng m c{ ca 1 cht, $ $Q 2ng.

YW 23{

I h"e " 78tt7e &5ne?, en5ugh t5 bu? " t8c+et.

N%O , dt m c s5 nh3u { ca 4t Wt, +hng $.

YW 23{

She h"s :e; b55+s, n5t en5ugh :54 4e:e4ences. a N%O , dt m c s5 nh3u{ ca &t Wt, $ $Q.

YW 23{

She h"s " :e; b55+s, en5ugh t5 4e"2.

N%u 2"nh t# = t4Xn $v $'c nhoc $%n thi = 2'\8 chl cpn 2ng (a) few* (a) littlenh' 1 $D8 t# 7*$.

YW 23{

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A4e ?5u 4e"2? 8n &5ne? es, " 78tt7e.

ù8te " :e; ù8te " 75t ù8te " b8t +h/ nh8u.

5n7? " :e; 5n7? " 78tt7e ca 4t Wt ( nhn &Dnh).

1.R ;G hu cch

+h% , n-uns , n-un. Chl $'c 2ng t45ng c/c 2"nh t# chl ng'f8 h5Zc $ng t, +hng 2ng ch5 bt $ng t.

YW 23{

The stu2ents b55+.

The c"ts 7egs.

N%u ca - 2"nh t# cng $ng = s= hu c/ch thi 2"nh t# n*5 $ng gpn 2"nh t# bd s= hu nht s&"ng 2u s= hu.

YW 23{

T5& "n2 M"4+s h5use.

@8 \8 nhng 2"nh t# s nh8u $v casthi chl cpn $Zt 2u 7* $.YW 23{

The stu2ents b55+s.

Nh'ng $8 \8 nhng 2"nh t# ca s nh8u $Zc b8t +hng ca stD8 $u8 n hG8 2ng ngu?Xn2u s= hu.

YW 23{

The ch8724ens t5?s.

Na $'c 2ng ch5 thf8 g8"n (nk& th/ng, th% +, th8Xn n8Xn +.)

YW 23{

The 1 eents.

The -1 stcentu4?s 45sect. Na $'c 2ng ch5 c/c &" t45ng nk& ng5D8 t4# &" uUn * &" Thu. N%u 2ng s= hu c/chch5 &" uUn * &" Thu tc 7* t" $"ng nhUn c/ch h5/ &" $a.

YW 23{

The su&&e4s h5t 2"?s.

The ;8nte4s c572 2"?s.

The s48ngs c5&8ng b"c+ N*ng uUn $"ng t4= .

The "utun&s 7e"8ng sJ 4" $8 c" N*ng Thu.

T4'fng h n*? h8n n"? Wt 2ng. @8 \8 &t s 2"nh t# bt $ng t chl 2ng t45ng 1 s t4'fngh tht $Zc b8t +h8 2"nh t# $a n[& t45ng c/c th*nh ng.

YW 23{

A st5nes th45;.

@8 +h8 $8 \8 nhng 2"nh t# chl n8 chn h5Zc $d" $8Q& chl cpn 2ng s= hu c/ch ch5 2"nh t#$a &* +hng cpn 2"nh t# the5 s"u.

YW 23{

At the h"8424esse4s

Trang 16


17/128


At the butche4s

1.S ;-m%@ anT

s#,e* annghy" 7* 1 s h5Zc 1 7'ng nht $dnh. Chng $'c s 23ng \8 (h5Zc th"? th%)c/c 2"nh t# s nh8u h5Zc 2"nh t# +hng $%& $'c.

] !#,e7* 2Dng s nh8u c" aan* #ne{YW 23{ B"e " b8scu8t9s5&e b8scu8ts. I "te " 2"te9 s5&e 2"tes.

/ s#,e0 an #& / the this these th#se i t3 ri4ng i t3 s5 hu.

YW 23{ S5&e 5: the st":: c"n se"+ ""neses.

!82 "n? 5: ?5u4 h5t5s c5&e 5ut ;e77

] s#,e$'c s 23ng \8 {

C/c $ng t# = thQ +hng $dnh.

YW 23{

The? b5ught s5&e h5ne?.

T45ng c/c cUu hK8 &* ca cUu t4G 7f8 7* yes.YW 23{

!82 s5&e 5: ?5u s7ee 5n the :7554 ( Ng'f8 na8 chf $8 cUu t4G 7f8 7*yes)

T45ng c/c cUu $ nghd * ?Xu cpu{

YW 23{

5u72 ?5u 78+e s5&e ;8ne

C5u72 ?5u 25 s5&e t?8ng :54 &e

] an$'c s 23ng{

Y\8 $ng t# = thQ h $dnh

YW 23{

I h"ent "n? &"tches.

Y\8 har%60 bare60 scare6( c/c ha t# n*? $u &"ng nghy" h $dnh)

YW 23{

I h"e h"427? "n? s"4e t8&e.

Y\8 'ith#ut+h8 'ith#ut an... 'ith n#...

YW 23{

Be c45sse2 the :45nt8e4 ;8th5ut "n? 28::8cu7t?9 ;8th n5 28::8cu7t?.

Y\8 c/c cUu hK8

B"e ?5u g5t "n? :8sh

!82 he c"tch "n? :8sh

S"u5f 9whetherc/c th*nh ng &"ng tWnh ngh8 ngf.

YW 23{

I: ?5u nee2 "n? &54e &5ne?, 7e"se 7et &e +n5;.

I 25nt th8n+ the4e 8s "n? et457 8n the t"n+.

Trang 1


18/128


2. 78ng t3 ( verb)

@ng t# t45ng t8%ng Anh ch8" 7*& 0 thf8 chWnh{

u/ +h.

B8n tD8.

T'ng 7"8.

M8 thf8 chWnh 7D8 ch8" 4" 7*& nh8u thf8 nhK $Q V/c $dnh chWnh V/c thf8 g8"n c" h*nh $ng.

!.1 U2n t0 #/%s%nt$

2.1.1 B8ntD8 $n g8Gn (s8&7e 4esent)

h8 ch8" $ng t# = ng8 th 0 s Wt, hG8 cas= $u8 * pn $a hG8 $'c $qc 7Xn.

YW 23{

5hn ;"7+s t5 sch557 ee4?2"?.

Na 2ng $Q 28Hn $Dt 1 h*nh $ng VG? 4" = thf8 $8Q& h8n tD8, +hng V/c $dnh c3 thQ &Zt thf8g8"n * h*nh $ng 7Z $8 7Z 7D8 ca tWnh ù? 7ut.

Na th'fng 2ng \8 1 s ha t# nh'{ now, present day, nowadays. @Zc b8t 7*1 s ha t# chl tpnsut h5Dt $ng{ often, sometimes, always, fre6uently.

YW 23{

The? un2e4st"n2 the 45b7e& n5;.

Ben4? "7;"?s s;8&s 8n the een8ng. (tha8 ùen)

ê ;"nt t5 7e"e n5;.

5u4 c5ugh s5un2s b"2.

-.1.- B8n tD8 t8% 28Hn (4esent 45g4ess8e)

"&Subject ] 8s ] e4b ]8ng ... "4e

Na 2ng $Q 28Hn $Dt 1 h*nh $ng $"ng VG? 4" = thf8 h8n tD8. Thf8 g8"n $'c V/c $dnh c3 thQb[ng c/c ha t# nh' now, right now, presently.

Na 2ng $Q th"? th% ch5 thf8 t'ng 7"8 gpn.

YW 23{

Be 8s 7e"4n8ng 8n the S.

Pu *{ @Q hUn b8t t'ng 7"8 gpn * h*nh $ng $"ng VG? 4" cpn ckn c *5 ha t# t45ng cUu)

YW 23{

The c5&&8ttee &e&be4s "4e eV"&8n8ng the &"te48"7 n5;. ( h8n tD8 $"ng +8Q& t4")

e54ge 8s 7e"8ng :54 F4"nce t5&5445;. (t'ng 7"8 gpn s 4f8 t\8 Ph/ *5 ng*? &"8)

-.1.0 P4esent e4:ect ( h8n tD8 h5*n th*nh)

B"e ] P-

!ng $Q 28Hn $Dt 1 h*nh $ng $v VG? 4" t45ng 1 ù/ +h +5 2*8 * ch& 2t = h8n tD8. Thf8g8"n t45ng cUu h5*n t5*n +hng V/c $dnh.

Trang 1!


19/128


Chl 1 h*nh $ng VG? 4" nh8u 7pn t45ng ù/ +h +5 2*8 t\8 h8n tD8.

!ng \8 - g8\8 t#for*since] thf8 g8"n.

!ng \8 alreadyt45ng cUu +hng $dnh, already ca thQ $ng s"u have nh'ng na cng ca thQ$ng cu8 cUu.

haveSubject ] ] already] P- has

YW 23{

e h"e "74e"2? ;48tten 5u4 4e54ts.

I h"e "74e"2? 4e"2 the ent84e b55+.

S"& h"s "74e"2? 4ec542e2 the 4esu7ts 5: the eVe48&ent.

!ng \8yett45ng cUu h $dnh * cUu ngh8 n h $dnh, yetth'fng Vu?Xn $ng = cu8 cUu,cng thc s"u{

haveSubject ] n5t ] P-...] ?et ... has

YW 23{

5hn h"snt ;48tten h8s 4e54t ?et.

The 4es82ent h"snt 2ec82e2 ;h"t t5 25 ?et.

e h"ent c"77e2 5n 5u4 te"che4 ?et.

T45ng 1 s t4'fng hyetca thQ $G5 7Xn $ng s"u to have* ng h/ ca th"? $_8.7ot&t $8* hUn t# - t4= 2Dng ngu?Xn thQ ca to.

haveSubject ] ] ?et ] e4b 8n s8&7e :54& ... has

YW 23{

5hn h"s ?et t5 7e"4n the &"te48"7. 5hn h"snt 7e"4ne2 the &"te48"7 ?et.

ê h"e ?et t5 2ec82e ;h"t t5 25 ;8th the &5ne?. ê h"ent 2ec82e2 ;h"t t5 25 ;8th the&5ne? ?et.

8h9 :{ Crn thn s 23ngyett45ng &u cUu +5 nhp& \8 yett45ng &u cUu cayet7*& t# n8&"ng nghy" nh'ng

YW 23{

I 25nt h"e the &5ne?, ?et I 4e"77? nee2 the c5&ute4.

M? ne8ghb54s nee4 h"e the t8&e, ?et the? "7;"?s ;"nt t5 25 s5&eth8ng 5n S"tu42"? n8ghts.

Trang 1"


20/128


-.1.6 B8n tD8 h5*n th*nh t8% 28Hn ( 4eset e4:ect 45g4ess8e)

B"e been ] e4b8ng.

!ng g8ng ht nh'present perfectnh'ng h*nh $ng +hng ch& 2t = h8n tD8 &* n $"ngt8% t3c VG? 4". Na th'fng Vu?Xn $'c 2ng \8 - g8\8 t#for, since] t8&e.

YW 23{

5hn h"s been 788ng 8n the s"&e h5use :54 ten ?e"4s. 5hn h"s 78e 8n the s"&e h5use :54 ten?e"4s.

98t s: th; %t c?ch %ng gia 2 th@i

P4esent e4:ect P4esent e4:ect 45g4ess8e

z B*nh $ng ch& 2t = h8n tD8, 25 $a ca +%tùG 4 4t.

YW 23{

I h"e ;"8te2 :54 ?5u :54 h"7: "n h5u4 (n5; Ist5 ;"8t8ng)

z B*nh $ng n t8% t3c t8% 28Hn K h8n tD8 25? +hng ca +%t ùG 4 4t.

YW 23{

I h"e been ;"8t8ng :54 ?5u :54 h"7: "n h5u4.

(and continue waiting hoping that you willcome)

!.! "u khV # Wast$

2.2.1 u/ +h $n g8Gn (s8&7e "st)

Ye4b ] e2

Mt s $ng t# t45ng t8%ng Anh ca ù/ +h $Zc b8t * $ng thf8 cng ca hUn t# - $Zc b8t.

Mt s c/c $ng t# ca cG - 2Dng{

YW 23{

Trang 20


21/128


L8ght 78ghte2 78ghte2

78t 78t

Ng'f8 Anh '" 2ng ù/ +h th'fng +h8 ch8" $ng t# * hUn t# - $Zc b8t.

YW 23{

Be 78ghte2 the c"n27e 5n h8s b84th2"? c"+e.

Na tho ngqn n%n t4Xn ch8%c b/nh s8nh nht

Nh'ng

I c"n see the 78t h5use :45& " 28st"nce.

T8 ca thQ nhin th? t# V" ng8 nh* s/ng /nh $8n.

z Na 2ng $Q 28Hn $Dt 1 h*nh $ng $v VG? 4" 2t $8Q& t45ng ù/ +h, +hng 78Xn ù"n gi t\8h8n tD8.

z Thf8 g8"n h*nh $ng t45ng cUu 7* 4t 4 4*ng, na th'fng 2ng \8 &t s ha t# chl thf8 g8"nnh'{yesterday, at that moment, last + thf8 g8"n nh';

L"st n8ght

&5nth;ee+ ...


22/128


}

Subject1] s8&7e "st ] while] subject -] "st 45g4ess8e.

YW 23{

S5&eb52? h8t h8& 5n the he"2 ;h87e he ;"s g58ng t5 h8s c"4.

Subject1] "st 45g4ess8e ] when] subject -] s8&7e "st.

YW 23{

Be ;"s g58ng t5 h8s c"4 ;hen s5&e5ne h8t h8& 5n the he"2.


23/128


e54ge h"2 ;54+e2 "t the un8e4s8t? :54 :54t?:8e ?e"4s be:54e he 4et84e2.

The 25ct54 h"2 eV"&8ne2 the "t8ent th545ugh7? be:54e he 4esc48be2 the &e28c"t85n.

Subject ] "st s8&7e ] after] subject ] "st e4:ect

YW 23{

5hn ;ent h5&e ":te4 he h"2 g5ne t5 the st54e.

A:te4 the c5&&8ttee &e&be4s h"2 c5ns82e4e2 the c5nse`uences, the? 5te2 5n the 455s"7.

Mnh $ ca before* afterca thQ $ng $pu h5Zc cu8 cUu nh'ng s"u before nht th8%t hG8 7* 1simple past* s"u afternht th8%t hG8 7* 1past perfect.

efore* afterca thQ $'c th"? b[ng when&* +hng s bd nhp& 7n i t45ng cUu b"5 g8f cngca - h*nh $ng{ 1 t4'\c * 1 s"u.

YW 23{The 578ce c"4s c"&e t5 the scene ;hen the 45bbe4s h"2 g5ne ";"?.

( t45ng cUu n*? ;hen ca nghy" 7* ":te4 i s"u ;hen 7* "st e4:ect.)

-.-.6 u/ +h h5*n th*nh t8% 28Hn ("st e4:ect 45g4ess8e).

Subject ] had] been] Ye4b ] ing...

Na $'c 2ng g8ng ht nh'past perfectnh'ng h*nh $ng +hng 2#ng 7D8 &* t8% t3c t8% 28Hnch5 $%n thf8 $8Q&simple past. Na th'fng $'c +%t h \8 1 simple past thng `u" ha t#

before. T45ng cUu th'fng casinceh5Zcfor] thf8 g8"n. Thf8 n*? h8n n"? Wt 2ng * $'c th"? th% b[ng past perfect.

YW 23{

Ben4? h"2 been 788ng 8n Ne; 54+ :54 ten ?e"4s be:54e he &5e2 t5 C"78:54n8".

e54ge h"2 been ;54+8ng "t the un8e4s8t? :54 :54t?:8e ?e"4s be:54e he 4et84e2.

!.J +Xng la

2.3.1 T'ng 7"8 $n g8Gn (s8&7e :utu4e)

=ill9shall ] Ye4b 8n s8&7e :54& 8an9 may.

Trang 23


24/128


Ng*? n"? ng h/ h8n $D8, $Zc b8t 7* M 2ng willch5 tt cG c/c ng8 cnshallchl $'c2ng t45ng c/c t4'fng h s"u{

z Mf8 &qc ng'f8 +h/c 1 c/ch 7dch sJ.

YW 23{

Sh"77 ;e g5 5ut :54 7unch

Sh"77 I t"+e ?5u4 c5"t

z @ nghd g8 $ ng'f8 +h/c 1 c/ch 7dch sJ.

YW 23{

Sh"77 I g8e ?5u " h"n2 ;8th these "c+"ges.

z !ng $Q ngv g8/ +h8 &u" b/n, &Zc cG.

YW 23{

Sh"77 ;e s"? { :8:teen 2577"4s

Na 2ng $Q 28Hn $Dt 1 h*nh $ng s VG? 4" = *5 thf8 $8Q& nht $dnh t45ng t'ng 7"8. Thf8 $8Q&n*? +hng $'c V/c $dnh 4 4t. C/c ha t# th'fng 2ng 7* tomorrow, neGt] thf8 g8"n, in the

future.Ne"4 :utu4e. (t'ng 7"8 gpn)

T5 be g58ng t5 25 s&th so 7*& gi.

!ng $Q 28Hn $Dt 1 h*nh $ng s VG? 4" t45ng 1 t'ng 7"8 gpn, thf8 g8"n s $'c 28Hn $Dt b[ng 1s ha t# nh' { in a moment(7/t n"), tomorrow.

YW 23{

^e "4e g58ng t5 h"e " &eet8ng 8n " &5&ent.

e "4e g58ng t5 get t5 the "8454t "t "& th8s &54n8ng.

Ng*? n"?, $Zc b8t 7* t45ng kn na8 ng'f8 t" th'fng 2ngHresent progressive$Q th"? th%.

!ng $Q 28Hn $Dt 1 sJ 8c choc chon s VG? 4" 2 4[ng +hng hG8 7* t'ng 7"8 gpn.YW 23{

NeVt ?e"4 ;e "4e g58ng t5 t"+e " TOEFL test :54 the sc54e th"t en"b7es us t5 7e"4n 8n the S.

-.0.- T'ng 7"8 t8% 28Hn ( :utu4e 45g4ess8e)

=ill9shall ] be ] e4b ] 8ng 8an9 may.

Na 28Hn $Dt 1 h*nh $ng s $"ng VG? 4" = 1 thf8 $8Q& nht $dnh c" t'ng 7"8. Thf8 $8Q& n*?

$'c V/c $dnh c3 thQ b[ng ng*?, g8f.YW 23{

I ;877 be 258ng " test 5n M5n2"? &54n8ng neVt ;ee+.

Na $'c 2ng +%t h \8 1 present progressive$Q 28Hn $Dt - h*nh $ng s5ng s5ng VG? 4", 1 =h8n tD8, 1 = t'ng 7"8.

YW 23{

N5; ;e "4e 7e"4n8ng Eng78sh he4e but b? the t8&e t5&5445; ;e ;877 be ;54+8ng "t the 5::8ce.

Trang 24


25/128


-.0.0 T'ng 7"8 h5*n th*nh (:utu4e e4:ect)

=ill have] P-

Na $'c 2ng $Q 28Hn $Dt 1 h*nh $ng s hG8 $'c h5*n tt = 1 thf8 $8Q& n*5 $a t45ng t'ng7"8. Thf8 $8Q& n*? th'fng $'c 28Hn $Dt b[ng { by the end of, by tomorrow.

YW 23{

^e ;877 h"e t"+en " TOEFL test b? the en2 5: th8s ?e"4.


26/128


S8ngu7"4 subject s8ngu7"4 e4b

M4. R5bb8ns, "cc5&"n8e2 b? h8s ;8:e "n2 ch8724en, 8s "4488ng t5n8ght.S8ngu7"4 subject s8ngu7"4 e4b

Pu *F N%u - $ng ch ng n8 \8 nh"u b[ng 78Xn t# andthi $ng t# 7 tc hG8 ch8" = ng8th 0 s nh8u (they).

YW 23{The "ct4ess "n2 he4 &"n"ge4 "4e g58ng t5 " "4t? t5n8ght.

nh'ng n%u - $ng ch ng n8 \8 nh"u b[ng 78Xn t# orthi $ng t# s hG8 ch8" the52"nh t# $ng s"u or. N%u $a 7* 2"nh t# s Wt thi hG8 ch8" = ng8 th 0 s Wt * ng'c 7D8.

YW 23{The "ct4ess 54 he4 &"n"ge4 8s g58ng t5 " "4t? t5n8ght.

J.! (c danh t lun [ hZ Hng t v 0 t s5 t.@a 7* c/c $ng t# t45ng bGng s"u{

"n? ] 2"nh t# s Wt n5 ] 2"nh t# s Wt S5&e ] 2"nh t# s Wt"n?b52? n5b52? s5&eb52?"n?5ne n5 5ne s5&e5ne"n?th8ng n5th8ng s5&eth8ngee4? ] 2"nh t# s 8t e"ch ] 2"nh t# s Wtee4?b52?ee4?5ne e8the4}ee4?th8ng ne8the4}

} E8the4 * e8the4 7* s Wt n%u na +hng $'c s 23ng \8 54 * n54.

L'u {

either(1 t45ng -) chl 2ng ch5 - ng'f8, - t. N%u 0 ng'f8, 0 t t4= 7Xn hG8 2ng any.

YW 23{

I: e8the4 5: ?5u t"+es " "c"t85n n5;, ;e ;5nt be "b7e t5 :8n8sh th8s ;54+.

I: "n? 5: stu2ents 8n th8s c7"ss 8s "bsent, he 54 she &ust h"e the e4&8ss85n 5: the 8nst4uct54.

7either(+hng 1 t45ng -) chl 2ng ch5 - ng'f8, - t. N%u 0 ng'f8, 0 t t4= 7Xn hG8 2ng notany).

YW 23{

Ne8the4 5: t;5 h8s c7"sses gets "n c

N5t "n? 5: th5se "84s 5: sh5es :8ts &e.

J.J (ch sK d4ng n-n%@ n-

none of the{ $'c s 23ng t? the5 2"nh t# $ng $[ng s"u na.

n%u 2"nh t# $a 7* +hng $%& $'c thi $ng t# hG8 ch8" = ng8 th 0 s Wt.

Trang 26


27/128


7one + of the] n5nc5unt n5un ] s8ngu7"4 e4b

YW 23{

N5ne 5: the c5unte4:e8t &5ne? h"s been :5un2.

n%u s"u none of the7* 1 2"nh t# $%& $'c s nh8u thi $ng t# hG8 ch8" = ng8 th 0 s nh8u.

7one] of the] 7u4"7 n5un ] 7u4"7 e4b

YW 23{

N5ne 5: the stu2ents h"e :8n8she2 the eV"& ?et.

7o$'c s 23ng cng tu the5 2"nh t# $ng s"u na.

n%u s"u no7* 2"nh t# s Wt h5Zc +hng $%& $'c thi $ng t# hG8 ch8" = ng8 th 0 s Wt.

S8ngu7"4 n5un7o ] ] s8ngu7"4 e4b n5nc5unt n5un

YW 23{

N5 eV"&7e 8s 4e7e"nt t5 th8s c"se.

nh'ng n%u s"u no7* 1 2"nh t# $%& $'c s nh8u thi $ng t# hG8 ch8" = ng8 th 0 s nh8u.

7o] 7u4"7 n5un ] 7u4"7 e4b

YW 23{

N5 eV"&7es "4e 4e7e"nt t5 th8s c"se.

J.M (ch sK d4ng c\u t/)c %th%/ ... -/ v n%th%/ ... n-/.@8u cpn 7'u nht +h8 s 23ng cZ th*nh ng n*? 7* $ng t# s"u $a hG8 ch8" the5 2"nh t# s"uorh5Zc nor. N%u 2"nh t# $a 7* s Wt thi $ng t# hG8 ch8" = ng8 th 0 s Wt * ng'c 7D8.

7either nor ] n5un ] s8ngu7"4 n5un ] s8ngu7"4 e4b either or

YW 23{

Ne8the4 5hn n54 m877 8s g58ng t5 the be"ch t52"?. S8ngu7"4 n5un s8ngu7"4 e4b

E8the4 5hn 54 m877 8s g58ng t5 the be"ch t52"?. S8ngu7"4 n5un s8ngu7"4 e4b

7either nor ] n5un ] 7u4"7 n5un ] 7u4"7 e4b either or

Trang 2


28/128


YW 23{

Ne8the4 M"48" n54 he4 :48en2s "4e g58ng t5 c7"ss t52"?. P7u4"7 7u4"7


29/128


Ou4 te"& 8s g58ng t5 ;8n the g"&e.

C/c c3& t# t45ng bGng 2'\8 $U? chl &t nha& g8" sc $ng t ch5 2 2"nh t# $[ng s"u g8\8 t#ofca = s nh8u thi $ng t# s"u $a n hG8 ch8" = ng8 th 0 s Wt.

:75c+ 5: b842s, shee he42 5: c"tt7e "c+ 5: 25gs sch557 5: :8sh 482e 5: 785ns

YW 23{

The :75c+ 5: b842s 8s c84c78ng 5e4he"2.

The he42 5: c"tt7e 8s b4e"+8ng ";"?.

A sch557 5: :8sh 8s be8ng "tt"c+e2 b? sh"4+s.

Pu *{ Tt cG c/c 2"nh t# t h chl thf8 g8"n, t8n bDc, s $5 $u $8 hK8 c/c $ng t# $D8 t# b_ ng $8 cng na hG8 = ng8 s Wt.

(TOEFL bot 78 n*?).

YW 23{

Be h"s c5nt48bute2


30/128


sh54ts sc8ss54s c/8 +5 t;ee~e4s c/8 nhWe"ns "nts upn 78e4s c/8 +i&

YW 23{

The "nts "4e 8n the 24";e4.

A "84 5: "nts 8s 8n the 24";e4.C/c 2"nh t# t4Xn th'fng Vu?Xn = 2Dng s nh8u i chng b"5 g& - thJc thQ, 25 ? c/c $ng t#* $D8 t# $8 cng chng hG8 = ng8 th 0 s nh8u.

YW 23{

The 78e4s "4e 5n the t"b7e.

These sc8ss54s "4e 2u77.

N%u &un b8%n chng th*nh s Wt 2ng a pair of... * 7c $a $ng t# * $D8 t# $8 cng \8 chnghG8 = ng8 th 0 s Wt.

YW 23{

Th8s "84 5: sc8ss54s 8s 2u77.

The "84 5: 78e4s 8s 5n the t"b7e.

J.` (ch dng cc thnh ng +h%/% s@ th%/% a/%

Th*nh ng n*? chl sJ tn tD8 c" ng'f8 h5Zc t tD8 1 n8 n*5 $a. PhG8 hUn b8t chng \8 $ngt# to have.

The4e 8s

The4e "4e

T5 h"e chl sJ s= hu (possession)

T5 5ssess (get, hold instinctively).

Ch ng tht c" th*nh ng n*? $8 $[ng s"u $ng t# to be. N%u 2"nh t# $a 7* s nh8u thi $ngt# ch8" = s nh8u * ng'c 7D8.

Mq8 b8%n $_8 thf8 * thQ $u nh[& *5 $ng t# to becn hUn t# - thi 2J" *5 t4 $ng t# tohave has been.

there is there was ] s8ngu7"4 subject ... there has been ( h5Zc n5nc5unt)

there are there were ] s8ngu7"4 subject ... there have been ( h5Zc n5nc5unt)

YW 23{

The4e 8s " st54& "45"ch8ng. s8ngu7"4 s8ngu7"4

The4e h"e been " nu&be4 5: te7eh5ne c"77s t52"?. P7u4"7 7u4"7

Trang 30

chl sJ tn tD8 (eGistance)


31/128


The4e ;"s "n "cc82ent 7"st n8ght. s8ngu7"4 s8ngu7"4

The4e ;e4e t55 &"n? e57e "t the "4t?. P7u4"7 7u4"7

The4e h"s been "n 8nc4e"se 8n the 8&54t"t85n 5: :54e8gn c"4s. P7u4"7 7u4"7

The4e ;"s ;"te4 5n the :7554 ;he4e he :e77. P7u4"7 n5nc5unt

G. 7i t3@D8 t# t45ng t8%ng Anh ch8" < 75D8 ca c/c chc nkng 48Xng b8t.

M.1 0 t nhbn ?ng chY ng #;uC7%ct /-n-un$& {

I ;e?5u ?5uhe the?

she8t

8hc nNng;

@ng $pu cUu 7*& ch ng t45ng cUu * ù?%t $dnh 8c ch8" $ng t#.

@ng $[ng s"u $ng t# to be.

YW 23{ The te"che4s ;h5 ;e4e 8n8te2 t5 the "4t? ;e4e e54ge, m"tt?.

@ng $[ng s"u c/c ha t# s5 s/nh nh' than, as. Tu?t $8 +hng $'c 2ng $D8 t# nhUn V'ngtUn ng t45ng t4'fng h n*?.

YW 23{ Be 8s t"77e4 th"n I ("&) +hng $'c 2ng me.

She 8s "s be"ut8:u7 "s &? g847:48en2.

@8 \8 c/c $D8 t# nhUn V'ng ch ng nh' we, you* $D8 t# nhUn V'ng tUn ng nh' usca thQ2ng 1 2"nh t# s nh8u ng"? s"u $a.

YW 23{ ê stu2ents, ?5u te"che4s, us ;54+e4s.

C/c $D8 t# nh' all, bothca thQ $'c 2ng the5 78 n*? \8 c/c ng8 s nh8u.

;e

?5u "779 b5th

the?

YW 23{

I "& g58ng t5 the st54e.ê h"e 78e2 he4e :54 t;ent? ?e"4s.

It ;"s she ;h5 c"77e2 ?5u. (s"u $ng t# be)

e54ge "n2 I ;5u72 78+e t5 7e"e n5;.

ê stu2ents "4e g58ng t5 h"e " "4t?.

Trang 31


32/128


M.! 0 t nhbn ?ng tbn ng

&e us?5u ?5uh8& the&

he48t

na $ng ng"? s"u $ng t# h5Zc c/c g8\8 t# 7*& nh8& 3 c" &t tUn ng.

$8 \8 c/c ng8 $D8 t# nhUn V'ng tUn ng = s nh8u ca thQ 2ng allh5Zc bothng"? s"u $a.us?5u "77 9 b5ththe&

YW 23{

The? c"77e2 us 5n the h5ne. c5&7e&ent

The te"che4 g"e h8& " b"2 g4"2e.c5&7e&ent

5hn t572 he4 " st54?.c5&7e&ent

The 578ce&"n ;"s 755+8ng :54 h8&.s"u g8\8 t#

T5 us, 8t see&s 78+e " g552 b"4g"8n s"u g8\8 t#

Pu *{ NXn nh\ 4[ng nh8u g8\8 t# ca thQ ca chc nkng nh' c/c th*nh hpn +h/c t45ng cUu, chnghDn nh' ha t# h5Zc 78Xn t#. Yi ?, t" cpn hG8 V/c $dnh c/c Ve& chng $ang "8 t4 gi cpn 2J"*5 ng cGnh ch +hng hG8 2J" *5 sJ h8Qu b8%t binh th'fng chc nkng c" chng.

YW 23{"net ;877 &"+e he4 4esent"t85n ":te4 h8&.

4e5s8t85n c5&7e&ent 45n5un

"net ;877 &"+e he4 4esent"t85n ":te4 he :8n8shes h8s seech. c5njunct85n subject 45n5un

c7"use

( &t &nh $ (clause) g& 1 ch ng * 1 $ng t#. T45ng &nh $ t4Xn, he 7* ch ng *finishes7* $ng t#).

M.J +6nh t sG hu

&? 5u4 ?5u4 ?5u4 h8she4 the84 8ts

Na $ng ng"? t4'\c 2"nh t# * chl sJ s= hu c" ng'f8 h5Zc t $8 \8 2"nh t# $ng $[ng s"u.

YW 23{

Trang 32


33/128


5hn 8s e"t8ng h8s 28nne4.

Th8s 8s n5t &? b55+.

The c"t h"s 8nju4e2 8ts :55t.

The b5? b45+e h8s "4& ?este42"?..

She :54g5t he4 h5&e;54+ th8s &54n8ng.

M? :552 8s c572.

Pu *{5ts+h/c \85ts.5tsca nghy" 7* it ish5Zc it has.

M.M 0 t sG hu

&8ne 5u4s?5u4s ?5u4sh8she4s the84s8ts

!ng $Q th"? th% ch5 tWnh t# s= hu * 2"nh t# $v $'c nhoc $%n = t4Xn.

5ssess8e 45n5un ] 5ssess8e "2ject8e ] n5un

Na ca thQ $'c $ng 7*& ch ng t45ng cUu.

@ng $[ng s"u $ng t#to be.

Na ca thQ 7*& tUn ng +h8 $8 s"u 1 $ng t# h5Zc s"u 1 g8\8 t#.

!5 ?5u 4e&e&be4 t5 t"+e ?5u4 &5ne?

@ng $[ng s"u c/c ha t# s5 s/nh nh' than, as. 5u4 b55+ 8s "s g552 "s &8ne.

^Ht s5 th6 d4'

Th8s 8s &? b55+ Th8s 8s &8ne.

5u4 te"che4 8s the s"&e "s h8s te"che4 5u4s 8s "s the s"&e "s h8s.

Be4 24ess 8s g4een "n2 &? 24ess 8s 4e2 Be4s 8s g4een 8s g4een "n2 &8ne 8s 4e2.

Ou4 b55+s "4e he"? Ou4s "4e he"?.

The84 c5"sts "4e t55 s&"77. The84s "4e t55 s&"77.

I :54g5t &? h5&e;54+ I :54g5t &8ne.

M.R 0 t hn thbn #/%Nl%?v% /-n-un$

&?se7: 5u4se7es?5u4se7: ?5u4se7esh8&se7: the&se7eshe4se7:8tse7:

Trang 33


34/128


Pu *{ = c/c ng8 s nh8u, $u8 selfb8%n th*nh selves.

(hVc nng'

Chl ch ng 7*& 8c gi $a ch5 chWnh &inh. T45ng t4'fng h n*? na $ng ng"? s"u $ng t#h5Zc $ng = cu8 cUu s"u g8\8 t#forh5Zc to.

YW 23{Be sent the 7ette4 t5 h8&se7:.

5u c"n see the 28::e4ences :54 ?5u4se7es.

Chl ch ng tJ thUn 7*& 7? 1 8c gi. T45ng t4'fng h n*? na $ng $[ng s"u ch ng h5Zccu8 cUu +h8 na8.

YW 23{

I &?se7: be78ee th"t the 455s"7 8s g552.

Be h8&se7: set 5ut t5 b4e"+ the 75ng 28st"nce :7?8ng 4ec542.

She 4e"4e2 the n8nec5u4se &e"7 he4se7:.

The stu2ents the&se7es 2ec54"te2 the 455&.

5u ?5u4se7: &ust 25 th8s h5&e;54+.

5hn h8&se7: b5ught th8s g8:ts.

H / #ne-se6& I a6#ne.

YW 23{

5hn ;"she2 the 28shes b? h8&se7: 5hn ;"she2 the 28shes "75ne.

J. 78ng t3 %ng 6, tn ng hng hG8 bt c $ng t# n*5 t45ng t8%ng Anh cng $8 hK8 1 2"nh t# h5Zc $D8 t# the5 s"u na7*& tUn ng. Ca &t s $ng t# 7D8 ?Xu cpu tUn ng s"u na hG8 7* &t $ng t# +h/c. Chng ch8"7*& - 75D8 s"u{

R.1 Hng t nguT=n th lm tbn ngmGng s"u 7* nhng $ng t# $8 hK8 tUn ng s"u na hG8 7* &t $ng t# +h/c. Chng tuUn the5 &ucUu nh' s"u{"g4ee t5 25 s5&eth8ng.2es84e t5 25 s5&eth8ng.2ec82e t5 25 s5&eth8ng.

"g4ee2es84eh5e7"nst48e

"tte&teVect8nten24e"4eten2

c7"8&:"877e"4n4eten2;"nt

2ec82e:54getnee24e:use;8sh

2e&"n2hes8t"te5::e4see&

YW 23{

Trang 34


35/128


5hn eVects t5 beg8n stu2?8ng 7"; neVt se&este4.

M"4? 7e"4ne2 t5 s;8& ;hen she ;"s e4? ?5ung.

The bu2get c5&&8ttee 2ec82e2 t5 5st5ne th8s &eet8ng.

The 4es82ent ;877 "tte&t t5 4e2uce 8n:7"t85n 8n the neVt ?5u4 ?e"4s.

The s5728e4s "4e 4e"48ng t5 "tt"c+ " 877"ge.

C?nth8" h"s "g4ee2 t5 "ct "s " 78"8s5n bet;een the t;5 c5unt48es.

R.! ng dng lm tbn ng

mGng s"u 7* 1 s c/c $ng t# $8 hK8 tUn ng s"u na 7* 1 Vingthe5 c/c &u cUu s"u{

"2&8t 258ng s5&eth8ng (th nhn 7*& gi)

YW 23{ Be "2&8tte2 h"8ng 25ne ;45ng.

Enj5? 258ng s5&eth8ng (thWch th +h8 7*& $8u gi)

"2&8t

2e7"?&8ss4e54tsuggest

"4ec8"te

2en?5st5ne4esent"582

enj5?

4"ct8ce4es8stc"nt he7:8n8sh

`u8t

4esu&ec5ns82e4&8n24ec"7748s+

Pu *{ T45ng bGng t4Xn ca &u $ng t#{

c"nt he7

c"nt 4es8st

YW 23{

^8th such g552 54"nges, ;e c"nt he7 (4es8st) bu?8ng - +875s "t " t8&e.Pu *;N%u &un $Zt h $dnh ch5 c/c t4'fng h n*? $Zt nott4'\c ngu?Xn thQ bK toh5Zc Ving.Tu?t $8 +hng $'c cu tD5 2Dng h $dnh c" $ng t# chWnh.

YW 23{

5hn 2ec82e2 n5t t5 b? the c"4.

e 4eg4ette2 n5t g58ng t5 the "4t? 7"st n8ght.

^Ht s5 th6 d4'

5hn "2&8tte2 ste"78ng the je;e7s.

e enj5? see8ng the& "g"8n ":te4 s5 &"n? ?e"4s.5u sh5u72nt 48s+ ente48ng th"t bu8728ng 8n 8ts 4esent c5n28t85n.

M8ch"e7 ;"s c5ns82e48ng bu?8ng " ne; c"4 unt87 the 48ce ;ent u.

The C5"st u"42 4e54te2 see8ng "n5the4 sh8 8n the F75482" St4"8ts.

^5u72 ?5u &8n2 n5t s&5+8ng 8n th8s 5::8ce

} C/c $ng t# = bGng s"u 7* nhng $ng t# &* tUn ng c" chng ca thQ 7* $ng t# ngu?Xn thQh"? Y8ng &* ng nghy" c" chng +hng th"? $_8.

Trang 35

] (against) 258ng s&th { +hng thQ 2#ng $'c, +hng thQ nhdn $'c ...


36/128


YW 23{

beg8n t5 25 s&th beg8n 258ng s&th.

beg8nh"te

4eg4et

c"nt st"n278+e

st"4t

c5nt8nue75e

t4?

24e"24e:e4

Pu *'T45ng bGng t4Xn ca &u $ng t# {

t5 25 s&th

258ng s&th

YW 23{

;"8t8ng such " 75ng t8&e.

t5 ;"8t such " 75ng t8&e.

I h"te t5 482e he4 b8c?c7e t5 sch557 I h"te 4828ng he4 b8c?c7e t5 sch557.

R.J J Hng t Ic C2t@a 7* c/c $ng t# &* ng nghy" c" chng th"? $_8 +h8 tUn ng s"u na 7* 1 ngu?Xn thQ h5Zc 1Ving.

St5 t5 25 s&th { 2#ng 7D8 $Q 7*& gi.

YW 23{

Be st5s t5 get g"s578ne.

St5 258ng s&th { 2#ng 8c gi $"ng 7*& 7D8.

YW 23{

Be st5s ;48t8ng "n2 g5es 5ut.

Re&e&be4 t5 25 s&th { nh\ s hG8 7*& gi.

YW 23{

I 4e&e&be4 t5 sen2 " 7ette4 "t the 5st 5::8ce.

Re&e&be4 258ng s&th { nh\ $v 7*& gi.

YW 23{

I 4e&e&be4 75c+8ng the 2554 be:54e 7e"8ng but I c"nt :8n2 the +e?.

F54get t5 25 s&th { `uXn s hG8 7*& gi.

YW 23{

Be :54gets t5 c"77 h8s :48en2 th8s ":te4n55n.

F54get 258ng s&th { `uXn $v 7*& gi.

YW 23{

I :54get 258ng the h5&e;54+ ?este42"?.

Pu *{ @ng t#forgett45ng &u cUu &"ng nghy" h $dnh.

I :54get gett8ng t5 the "8454t t5 &eet &? g847:48en2 th8s &54n8ng.

Trang 36

( hng thQ chdu $Jng $'c +h8 hG8 7*& gi)c"nt st"n2

I c"nt st"n2


37/128


R.M (c Hng t Vng eng sau g t

Tt cG c/c $ng t# $ng $[ng s"u g8\8 t# $u hG8 = 2Dng Y8ng.

e4b

"2j. ]preposition] Y8ng

n5un

Hng t , g t , ng

mGng s"u g& c/c $ng t# ] g8\8 t#.

"45e 5:{ t/n th*nh

g8e u{ t# bK

4e7? 5n{ h3 thuc *5

;544? "b5ut{ 75 7ong

be bette4 5::{

8ns8st 5n{ n*8 nl

succee2 8n{ th*nh cng t45ng

c5unt 5n 4e7? 5n

+ee 5n c5nt8nue

th8n+ "b5ut

th8n+ 5:

2een2 5n

ut 5::{ t4i h5vn

Danh t , g t , ng #Cng sau$

5ss8b878t? 5:ch58ce 5:

&eth52 5:8ntent85n 5:

&eth52 :54eVcuse :54

4e"s5n :54

YW 23{

e54ge h"s n5 eVcuse :54 2458ng 5ut 5: sch557.

The4e 8s " 5ss8b878t? 5: "c`u848ng th8s 45e4t? "t " g552 48ce.

The4e 8s n5 4e"s5n :54 7e"8ng th8s e"47?.

C5nn8e h"s 2ee75e2 " &eth52 :54 e"7u"t8ng th8s 45b7e&.

+6nh t , g t , ng #Cng sau$

"ccust5&e2 t58ntent 5n

":4"82 5:8nte4este2 8n

c""b7e 5:success:u7 8n

:5n2 5:t84e2 5:

YW 23{

M8tch 8s ":4"82 5: gett8ng &"448e2 n5;.

e "4e "ccust5&e2 t5 s7ee8ng 7"te 5n ;ee+en2s.

e"n 8s n5t c""b7e 5: un2e4st"n28ng the 4e28c"&ent.

A7"45 8s 8ntent 5n :8n8sh8ng sch557 neVt ?e"4.

C4"8g 8s :5n2 5: 2"nc8ng.e "4e 8nte4este2 8n see8ng th8s :87&.

hng hG8 bt c tWnh t# n*5 t45ng t8%ng Anh cng $8 hK8 $ong s"u na hG8 7* 1 g8\8 t#, ca &ts tWnh t# 7D8 $8 hK8 $[ng s"u na 7* &t $ng t# ngu?Xn thQ (Ve& bGng s"u).

"nV85use"ge4{ h/5 hc7e"se2

b548nge"s?4e"4e2

2"nge45usg5524e"2?

h"42st4"nge"b7e}

Trang 3


38/128


usu"7 c5&&5n 28::8cu7t

e"ge4 t5 25 s&th{ h/5 hc 7*& gi.h"42 t5 25 s&th { +ha 7*& gi.} "b7e {"b7e c""b7eun"b7e 8nc""b7eYW 23{

These stu2ents "4e n5t ?et "b7e t5 h"n27e such 28::8cu7t 45b7e&s.

These stu2ents "4e n5t ?et c""b7e 5: h"n278ng such 28::8cu7t 45b7e&s.

^Ht s5 th6 d4'

M5h"&&"2 8s e"ge4 t5 see h8s :"&87?.

It 8s 2"nge45us t5 248e 8n th8s ;e"the4

^e "4e 4e"2? t5 7e"e n5;.

It 8s 28::8cu7t t5 "ss th8s test.

It 8s unc5&&5n t5 :8n2 such g552 c45s 8n th8s sect85n 5: the c5unt4?.R8tsu+5 ;"s 7e"se2 t5 be "2&8tte2 t5 the c577ege.

Pu *'

Mt s c/c $ng t# t8%ng Anh th'fng ca g8\8 t# $8 +& = hW" s"u. hng $'c nhp& 7n g8\8t# $a \8 t5 c" $ng t# ngu?Xn thQ. Chng hDn &t s $ng t# t45ng bGng s"u{

5bject t5{ hGn $8 755+ :54;"42 t5 { &5ng $8 c5n:ess t5 { th nhn $v 7*& gi

YW 23{5hn g"e u s&5+8ng bec"use 5: h8s 25ct54s "28ce.

M"4? 8ns8ste2 5n t"+8ng the bus 8nste"2 5: the 7"ne.

F4e2 c5n:esse2 t5 ste"78ng the je;e7s.

e "4e n5t 755+8ng :54;"42 t5 g58ng b"c+ t5 sch557.

Ben4? 8s th8n+8ng 5: g58ng t5 F4"nce 8n August.

5u ;5u72 be bette4 5:: 7e"8ng n5; 8nste"2 5: t5&5445;.

R.R \n 3 0 t t/c Hng t nguT=n th h-Ic ng lm tbn ng. @ng t4'\c 1 $ng t# ngu?Xn thQ 7*& tUn ng thi 2Dng c" $D8 t# hG8 7* tUn ng.

P45n5unSubject ] e4b ] c5&7e&ent :54& ] to] e4b ... n5un

S"u $U? 7* bGng c/c $ng t# $8 hK8 $D8 t# (h"? 2"nh t# ) $8 s"u na hG8 = 2Dng tUn ng.

"775;8n8te

"s+542e4

bege4&8t

c5n8ncee4su"2e

8nst4uct4e"4e

Trang 3!

t5 25 s&th 5: 258ng s&th


39/128


4e&8n2 u4ge ;"nt eVect 45&8se

YW 23{

5e "s+e2 M"4? t5 c"77 h8& ;hen he ;5+e u.

e 542e4e2 h8& t5 "e"4 8n c5u4t.

I u4ge ?5u t5 c5ns82e4 ?5u4 2ec8s85n.

The? ;e4e t4?8ng t5 e4su"2e h8& t5 ch"nge h8s &8n2.

The te"che4 e4&8tte2 the& t5 tu4n the84 "ss8gn&ents 8n 7"te.

5u sh5u72 4e"4e ?5u4 s5n t5 t"+e th8s eV"&8n"t85n.

Tu? nh8Xn, $ng t4'\c 1 Ving7*& tUn ng thi 2Dng c" 2"nh t# h5Zc $D8 t# hG8 = 2Dng s= hu.

2Dng s= hu c" 2"nh t#Ch ng ] $ng t# ] ] e4b ] 8ng ... tWnh t# s= hu

YW 23{ê un2e4st"n2 ?5u4 n5t be8ng "b7e t5 st"? 75nge4.

Be 4eg4ets he4 7e"8ng.

ê "4e 755+8ng :54;"42 t5 the84 c5&8ng neVt ?e"4.

ê 25nt "45e 5: 5hns bu?8ng th8s h5use.

ê 4esent the te"che4s n5t "nn5unc8ng the test s55ne4.

ê 5bject t5 the84 c"778ng "t th8s h5u4.

K. C?ch sL %


40/128


Subject "s un788ng th8ng ] nee2 ] Ye4b ] ing

to be] P-

YW 23{

The g4"ss nee2s t5 be cut. B5Zc The g4"ss nee2s cutt8ng.

The te7e8s85n nee2s 4e"848ng. B5Zc The te7e8s85n nee2 t5 be 4e"84e2.

The c5&5s8t85n nee2s 4e;48t8ng. B5Zc The c5&5s8t85n nee2s t5 be 4e;48tten.

Pu *'

nee2 to be in need of] n5un

t5 be 8n nee2 5: ] n5un ca thQ th"? th% ch5 cG - cng thc t4Xn.

YW 23{877 8s 8n nee2 5: &5ne? 877 nee2s &5ne?.

The 455: 8s 8n nee2 5: 4e"84 The 455: nee2s t5 be 4e"84e2.

The 54g"n8~"t85n ;"s 8n nee2 5: 57untee4s The 54g"n8~"t85n nee2e2 57untee4s.

6.2 Dare

are+hng $'c 2ng nh8u = +hng $dnh. Na chl $'c 2ng = h $dnh * ngh8 n. @ng t#s"u na the5 7 thu?%t 7* ca tonh'ng t4Xn thJc t% th'fng bK to. Na ca thQ 2ng \8 t4 $ng t# todoh5Zc 2ng t4Jc t8%.

Be 25esnt 2"4e (t5) s"? "n?th8ng

Be 2"4es n5t (t5) s"? "n?th8ng.

!5es he 2"4e (t5) s"? "n?th8ng !"4es he (t5) s"? "n?th8ng.

are+hng $'c 2ng = thQ +hng $dnh t4# t4'fng h 5 dare say&"ng - nghy"{

- &i cho l%.

YW 23{ I 2"4e s"? the4e ;877 be " 4est"u4"nt c"4 "t the en2 5: the t4"8n.

- &i c&ng nhOn l%.

YW 23{ I 2"4e s"? ?5u "4e 48ght. T8 th#" nhn 7* "nh $ng.

B5; 2"4e (2"4e2) ] subject ... (s"5 2/&).

YW 23{

B5; 2"4e ?5u 5en &? 7ette4 S"5 cu 2/& bac th' c" t8 4" th%

arecn $'c 2ng nh' 1 ng5D8 $ng t# &"ng nghy" 2/&, th/ch the5 &u cUu s"u{

T5 2"4e s&b t5 25 s&th

(th/ch "8 7*& gi)

The? 2"4e the b5? t5 s;8& "c45ss the 48e4 8n the c572 ;e"the4.

Trang 40


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M. C?ch %ng 8ng t3 t# be / in&initivemE ] INFINITIYE

Na $'c 2ng $Q t4u?n $Dt nhng &nh 7nh h5Zc nhng chl 2n tt# ng'f8 th nht ù" ng'f8th - t\8 ng'f8 th 0.

YW 23{

N5 5ne 8s t5 7e"e th8s bu8728ng ;8th5ut the e4&8ss85n 5: the 578ce.

(+hng "8 $'c h 4f8 t5* nh* n*? &* +hng $'c h c" cGnh s/t).

Be 8s t5 st"? he4e unt87 ;e 4etu4n.

(na hG8 = 7D8 $U? ch5 t\8 +h8 bqn t"5 ù"? 7D8).

!ng \8 &nh $ if&"ng tWnh bot buc h5Zc &nh 7nh.

YW 23{

S5&eth8ng &ust be 25ne ù8c+7? 8: eVt8nct b842s "4e t5 be s"e2

Be s"82 8: he :"77 "s7ee "t the ;hee7, ;e ;e4e t5 ;"+e h8& u.

$Q t4u?n $Dt &t 2J $dnh.

YW 23{

She 8s t5 be &"448e2 neVt &5nth.

(c ? s c'\8 *5 th/ng t\8)

The eVe28t85n 8s t5 st"4t 8n " ;ee+s t8&e.

Cu t4c n*? 4t thng 23ng t45ng b/5 chW * n%u na 7* tJ" $ b/5 thi ng'f8 t" bK be$8 $Q t8%t+8& ch.

YW 23{

The P48&e M8n8ste4 8s t5 &"+e " st"te&ent t5&5445;.

The P48&e M8n8ste4 t5 &"+e " st"te&ent t5&5445;.

^"s9 ;e4e ] 8n:8n8t8e@Q 28Hn $Dt 1 t'=ng s &nh.

YW 23{

The? s"82 g552 b?e ;8th5ut +n5;8ng th"t the? ;e4e nee4 t5 &eet "g"8n.

(hq ch8" t"? nh"u &* +hng b8%t 4[ng s chng b"5 g8f hq gZ 7D8 nh"u)

T5 be "b5ut t5 ] e4b ne"4 :utu4e t5 be 8n the 58nt 5: Y8ng.

N. Cu hOi

8.1 (bu hZ T%s v n-

S= 2y gq8 7* nh' ? i t45ng cUu t4G 7f8 ca thQ 2ngyesh5Zc no= $pu cUu. NXn nh\ 4[ng{es ] 5s8t8e e4b

N5 ] neg"t8e e4b.

hng $'c nhp& 7n 2Dng cUu t4G 7f8 t8%ng 8t.

auGiliary

Trang 41


42/128


be ] subject ] e4b ... do, does, did

Is M"4? g58ng t5 sch557 t52"?

^"s M"4? s8c+ ?este42"?

B"e ?5u seen th8s &58e be:54e^877 the c5&&8ttee 2ec82e 5n the 455s"7 t52"?

!5 ?5u ;"nt t5 use the te7eh5ne

!5es e54ge 78+e e"nut butte4

!82 ?5u g5 t5 c7"ss ?este42"?

`.! (bu hZ thng C-L* 75D8 cUu hK8 &* t45ng cUu t4G 7f8 ng5*8yesh5Zc no4" cn hG8 thX& &t s c/c thng t8n +h/c.C/c cUu hK8 n*? 2ng \8 &t s c/c $D8 t# ngh8 n.

.-.1 ;h5 * ;h"t 7*& ch ng.

=ho ] e4b ] (c5&7e&ent) ] (&528:8e4)

what

^h5 5ene2 the 2554 (s5&e5ne 5ene2 the 2554)

^h"t h"ene2 7"st n8ght (s5&eth8ng h"ene2 7"st n8ght.)

(h) *'hng $ng +h8 na8 {

^h5 282 5en the 2554

^h"t 282 h"en 7"st n8ght

.-.- ^h5& * ;h"t 7* tUn ng c" cUu hK8

whom "uV878"4? ] ] subject ] e4b ] ( &528:8e4) what do, does, did

(h) *'

MZc 2 t45ng kn na8, nh8u ng'f8 s 23ng whoth"? ch5 whomt45ng 75D8 cUu hK8 n*? nh'ngtu?t $8 +hng $'c 2ng nh' ? t45ng kn 8%t (78 c bGn)

YW 23{^h5& 25es Ah&"2 +n5; :45& Yene~ue7" ( Ah&"2 +n5; s5&e5ne :45& Yene~ue7")

^h"t 282 e54ge bu? "t the st54e ( e54ge b5ught s5&eth8ng "t the st54e)

Trang 42


43/128


.-.0 CUu hK8 2*nh ch5 c/c b_ ng (;hen, ;he4e, ;h?, h5;)

whenwherewhy

how

^hen 282 5hn &5e t5 "c+s5n877e

^he4e 25es M5h"&"2 78e

^h? 282 e54ge 7e"e s5 e"47?

B5; 282 M"48" get t5 sch557 t52"?

^he4e h"s Ben4? g5ne

^hen ;877 me4th" g5 b"c+ t5 MeV8c5

`.J (bu hZ gn t #%mC%dd%d u%st-ns$L* 75D8 cUu hK8 ca c/c $Zc $8Q& s"u{

CUu ca - th*nh hpn n8 \8 nh"u b[ng 1 $D8 t# ngh8 n.

$ng t# = &nh $ - hG8 $ng Vu8 s"u ch ng +hng $'c cu tD5 cUu hK8 = th*nh hpn th-.

$D8 t# ngh8 n +hng chl b"5 g& 1 t# &* nh8u +h8 ca thQ 7* - h5Zc 0 t# chng hDn{ whose +noun, how many, how much, how long, how often, what time, * what kind.

Subject ] e4b ( h4"se) ] ùest85n ;542 ] subject ] e4b

YW 23{CUu hK8 { ^he4e ;877 the &eet8ng t"+e 7"ceCUu hK8 g8/n t8%{ ê h"ent "sce4t"8ne2 ;he4e the &eet8ng ;877 t"+e 7"ce. ;542 subject e4b h4"se

CUu hK8{ ^h? 282 the 7"ne 7"n2 "t the ;45ng "8454tCUu hK8 g8/n t8% { The "uth548t8es c"nn5t :8gu4e 5ut ;h? the 7"ne 7"n2e2 "t the ;45ng "8454t. ;542 subject h4"se

"uV878"4? ] subject ] e4b ] ùest85n ;542 ] subject ] e4b

!5 ?5u +n5; ;he4e he ;entC5u72 ?5u te77 &e ;h"t t8&e 8t 8s

^Ht s5 th6 d4'

The 45:ess54 282nt +n5; h5; &"n? stu2ents ;5u72 be 8n he4 ":te4n55n c7"ss.

I h"e n5 82e" h5; 75ng the 8nte48e; ;877 t"+e.

!5 the? +n5; h5; 5:ten the bus 4uns "t n8ght

C"n ?5u te77 &e h5; :"4 the &useu& 8s :45& the c577ege

Trang 43

AuV878"4?] be ] subject ] e4b ] (c5&7e&ent) ] (&528:8e4) do, does, did


44/128


I77 te77 ?5u ;h"t +8n2 5: 8ce c4e"& t"stes best.

The te"che4 "s+e2 us ;h5se b55+ ;"s 5n h8s 2es+.

`.M (bu hZ cf u

h8 s 23ng 75D8 cUu hK8 n*? nXn nh\ 4[ng na +hng nh[& &3c $Wch $X hK8 &* nh[& $Q +hng

$dnh 7D8 +8%n c" bGn thUn &inh $v b8%t. CUu ch8" 7*& - th*nh hpn t/ch b8t nh"u b=8 2u hr?.

N%u $ng t# = hpn chWnh = thQ +hng $dnh thi = hpn $u8 7* h $dnh * ng'c 7D8.

@ng t# to be$'c 2ng t4Jc t8%, c/c $ng t# th'fng 2ng t4 $ng t# to do, c/c $ng t# =thf8 +{future, perfect, progressive2ng \8 chWnh t4 $ng t# c" thf8 $a.

C/c th*nh ng there is,there are* it is2ng 7D8 = hpn $u8.

@ng t# to havet45ng t8%ng Anh c" ng'f8 M 7* $ng t# th'fng 25 $a na s 2ng \8 t4 $ngt# to do.

YW 23{

The4e "4e 5n7? t;ent?e8ght 2"?s 8n Feb4u"4?, "4ent the4e

Its 4"8n8ng n5;, 8snt 8t It 8snt 4"8n8ng n5;, 8s 8t

The b5?s 25nt h"e c7"ss t5&5445;, 25 the?

5u "n2 I t"7+e2 ;8th the 45:ess54 ?este42"?, 282nt ;e

5u ;5nt be 7e"8ng :54 "n5the4 h5u4, ;877 ?5u

877 "n2 5e h"e been t5 MeV8c5, h"ent the?

5u h"e t;5 ch8724en, 25nt ?5u

(T45ng t8%ng Anh, thi s 2ng h"ent ?5u)

Pu *'

T45ng c/c b*8 th8 TOEFL n%u $ng t# chWnh 7* havethi $[ng s"u hG8 2ng t4 $ng t# do.

YW 23{She h"s "n eV"& t5&5445;, 25esnt she

P. Q:i nRi Eh< h# $hSng Tnh v Eh Tnh.

9.1 P5 nf h4 h-0 khng nh.

!ng $Q h3 h5D 7D8 +hng $dnh c" &t ng'f8 +h/c t'ng $'ng \8 cUu t8%ng 8t cPng th2 * ng'f8 t" s 2ngso* toot45ng cu t4c n*?.

@ng t# to be$'c h 2ng t4Jc t8%, c/c $ng t# th'fng 2ng \8 t4 $ng t# to do, c/c$ng t# = thf8 + (future, perfect, progressive)2ng \8 chWnh $ng t# c" na.

h8 be$'c s 23ng t45ng &nh $ chWnh thi thf8 c" $ng t# bes 23ng t45ng cUu h3 h5Dcng hG8 cng thf8 \8 be= &nh $ chWnh.

Subject ] e4b(be) ] tooA::84&"t8e st"te&ent (be) ] and]

!o] e4b(be) ] subject

Trang 44


45/128


YW 23{

I "& h"?, "n2 ?5u "4e t55.

I "& h"?, "n2 s5 "4e ?5u. h8 &t $ng t# = thQ + ("uV87"4? ] e4b), W 23, will go, should do, has done, have written,must eGamine, ... Vut h8n t45ng &nh $ chWnh thi t4 $ng t# c" &nh $ chWnh $'c s

23ng = 2Dng +hng $dnh, * ch ng * $ng t# hG8 h5* h.

Subject ] "uV878"4? 5n7? ] tooA::84&"t8e st"te&ent ] and]

($ng t# = thQ +) !o] "uV878"4? 5n7? ] subject

YW 23{

The? ;877 ;54+ 8n the 7"b t5&5445;, "n2 ?5u ;877 t55.

The? ;877 ;54+ 8n the 7"b t5&5445;, "n2 s5 ;877 ?5u.

Subject ]2o, does, 54 did] too.A::84&"t8e st"te&ent ] and]

($ng t# $n t4# be) !o + do, does, 54 did] subject

YW 23{

"ne g5es t5 th"t sch557, "n2 &? s8ste4 25es t55.

"ne g5es t5 th"t sch557, "n2 s5 25es &? s8ste4.

5hn ;ent t5 the &5unt"8ns 5n h8s "c"t85n, "n2 ;e 282 t55.

5hn ;ent t5 the &5unt"8ns 5n h8s "c"t85n, "n2 s5 282 ;e.

I ;877 be 8n Ne; MeV8c5 8n August, "n2 the? ;877 t55.

I ;877 be 8n Ne; MeV8c5 8n August, "n2 s5 ;877 the?.

Be h"s seen he4 7"?s, "n2 the g847s h"e t55.

Be h"s seen he4 7"?s, "n2 s5 h"e the g847s.

^e "4e g58ng t5 the &58es t5n8ght, "n2 Su~? 8s t55.

^e "4e g58ng t5 the &58es t5n8ght, "n2 s5 8s Su~?.

She ;877 ;e"4 " c5stu&e t5 the "4t?, "n2 ;e ;877 t55.

She ;877 ;e"4 " c5stu&e t5 the "4t?, "n2 s5 ;877 ;e.

.! P5 nf h4 h-0 hY nh

!ng $Q h3 h5D 7D8 h $dnh c" ng'f8 +h/c, t'ng ng \8 cUu t8%ng 8t cPng kh&ng. Cu t4c 2ng ch5 75D8 cUu n*? 7* either* neither.

NXn nh\ 4[ng{7ot ... either 7either ... positive verb.

C/c t4'fng h 2ng g8ng ht cng thc +hng $dnh.

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Subject ] neg"t8e "uV878"4? 54 be] either.

Neg"t8e st"te&ent ] and]

7either] 5s8t8e "uV878"4? 54 be] subject.

YW 23{

I 282nt see M"4? th8s &54n8ng. 5hn 282nt see M"4? th8s &54n8ng.

I 282nt see M"4? th8s &54n8ng, "n2 5hn 282nt e8the4.

I 282nt see M"4? th8s &54n8ng, "n2 ne8the4 282 5hn.

She ;5nt be g58ng t5 the c5n:e4ence. Be4 c577e"gues ;5nt be g58ng t5 the c5n:e4ence.

She ;5nt be g58ng t5 the c5n:e4ence, "n2 he4 c577e"gues ;5nt e8the4.

She ;5nt be g58ng t5 the c5n:e4ence, "n2 ne8the4 ;877 he4 c577e"gues.

5hn h"snt seen the ne; &58e ?et. I h"ent seen the ne; &58e ?et.

5hn h"snt seen the ne; &58e ?et, "n2 I h"ent ethe4.

5hn h"snt seen the ne; &58e ?et, "n2 ne8the4 h"e I.

1U. Cu Eh Tnh@Q th*nh 7 cUu h $dnh ng'f8 t" $Zt not*5 s"u $ng t# to be, t4 $ng t# to doc" $ng t#th'fng, * c/c t4 $ng t# c" $ng t# = thf8 +.

@Zt any$[ng t4'\c 2"nh t# $Q nhn &Dnh ch5 h $dnh.

T45ng &t s t4'fng h $Q nhn &Dnh ch5 2"nh t# $[ng s"u bd h $dnh, ng'f8 t" $Q $ng t# =ngu?Xn thQ * $Zt not4'\c 2"nh t#. ( no Q not at all).

N"g"t8e ] n"g"t8e P5s8t8e

YW 23{

Its 4e"77? unbe78e"b7e th"t he h"s n5 &5ne?.

N"g"t8e ] c5&"4"t8e Sue47"t8e

YW 23{

P45:ess54 m"+e4 c5u72nt be &54e he7:u7 P4. m"+e4 ;"s the &5st he7:u7.

^e c5u72nt h"e g5ne t5 the be"ch 5n " bette4 2"?. Tc 7*{ T52"? 8s the best 2"? t5 g5 t5 the

be"ch.

N"g"t8e ..., &uch 7ess ] n5un.

(+hng &* 7D8 c*ng +hng)

YW 23{

Trang 46


47/128


Be 282nt 78+e t5 4e"2 n5e7s, &uch 7ess teVt b55+s.

Its 4e"77? unbe78e"b7e h5; he c5u72 h"e su48e2, ":te4 such " :4ee :"77, &uch 7ess 78e t5 te77"b5ut 8t 5n TY.

MKt sL ph3 t1 trong ti2ng 4nh mang nghRa phS $Tnh, khi $U d/ng n3 trong cu tuyAt $Li kh&ng$"'c d/ng phS $Tnh cSa $Kng t1 nIa.

YW 23{

B"427?

Sc"4ce7? Bpu nh' +hng ( A7&5st n5)

m"4e7?

B"427? ee4

R"4e7? Bpu nh' +hng b"5 g8f ( "7&5st nee4).

Se725&

Cng thc 2ng \8 c/c ha t# t4Xn.

Subject ] n"g"t8e ] "2e4b ] 5s8t8e e4b


48/128


!5nt 5en the ;8n25;, 7e"se.

(Hleaseca thQ $ng $pu h5Zc cu8 cUu &nh 7nh thc 7*& ch5 cUu t4= nXn 7dch sJ hn).

11.! ^2nh l2nh thVc gn t.Th'fng 2ng \8 6 $ng t# s"u{

t5 542e4t5 "s+

t5 te77

t5 s"?

YW 23{

5hn t572 M"4? t5 c75se the 2554.

"c+ "s+e2 877 t5 tu4n 5:: the 78ght.

The te"che4 t572 Ch48st5he4 t5 5en the ;8n25;.

P7e"se te77 "8&e t5 7e"e the 455&.5hn 542e4e2 m877 t5 c75se h8s b55+.

The 578ce&"n 542e4e2 the susect t5 be `u8et.


49/128


1!.1 Djn 0t th tXng la.

12.2 Djn 0t cbu 3u k2n.

12.2.1 @8u +8n ca thQ thJc h8n $'c = thf8 h8n tD8.

=ill9shall5f] Subject ] s8&7e 4esent ] subject ] ] e4b 8n s8&7e :54& can9may

YW 23{

I: I h"e the &5ne?, I ;877 bu? " ne; c"4.

I: ?5u t4? &54e, ?5u ;877 8&45e ?5u4 Eng78sh.

e ;877 h"e 7ent? 5: t8&e t5 :8n8sh the 45ject be:54e 28nne4 8: 8t 8s 5n7? ten 5c75c+ n5;.

5f] subject ] s8&7e 4esent tense ] subject ] ... ] s8&7e 4esent tense

Mu cUu n*? cn $'c 2ng $Q 28Hn tG &t tha8 `uen.

YW 23{

I: the 25ct54 h"s &54n8ng 5::8ce h5u4s, he 8s8ts h8s "t8ents 8n the h5s8t"7 8n the ":te4n55n(+hng ca $ng t# +hu?%t th8%u.)

5hn usu"77? ;"7+s t5 sch557 8: he h"s en5ugh t8&e.

5f] Subject ] s8&7e 4esent tense ... ] c5&&"n2 :54&} ...

} NXn nh\ 4[ng &nh 7nh thc = 2Dng $n g8Gn c" $ng t#. (simple form)

Mu cUu t4Xn ca nghy" 7* nhf "8, 4" 7nh ch5 "8 7*& gi.

YW 23{

I: ?5u g5 t5 the P5st O::8ce, 7e"se &"87 th8s 7ette4 :54 &e.

P7e"se c"77 &e 8: ?5u he"4 :45& "ne.

1-.-.- @8u +8n +hng thQ thJc h8n $'c = thf8 h8n tD8.

^5u729sh5u72I: ] Subject ] s8&7e "st ] subject ] ] e4b 8n s8&7e :54& c5u729 &8ght

YW 23{

I: I h"2 en5ugh &5ne? n5;, I ;5u72 bu? th8s h5use( but n5; I 25nt h"e en5ugh &5ne?.)

Trang 4"


50/128


I: I h"2 the t8&e, I ;5u72 g5 t5 the be"ch ;8th ?5u th8s ;ee+en2.(but I 25nt h"e the t8&e.) ( I& n5t g58ng t5 the be"ch ;8th ?5u.)

Be ;5u72 te77 ?5u "b5ut 8t 8: he ;e4e he4e.( he ;5nt te77 ?5u "b5ut 8t.) ( Be 8s n5t he4e).

I: he 282nt se"+ s5 u8c+7?, ?5u c5u72 un2e4st"n2 h8&.

(Be se"+s e4? `u8c+7?.) (5u c"nt un2e4st"n2 h8&.)


51/128


B"2 ;e +n5;n ?5u ;e4e the4e, ;e ;5u72 h"e ;48tten ?5u " 7ette4.

B"2 she :5un2 the 48ght bu?e4, she ;5u72 h"e s572 the h5use.

B"2nt ;e 75st the ;"?, ;e ;5u72 h"e "448e2 s55ne4.

1-.-.6 C/c c/ch 2ng $Zc b8t c" ^877, ;5u72 * s5u72 t45ng c/c &nh $ 8:

z Thng th'fng nhng $ng t# n*? +hng $'c 2ng $[ng s"u ifnh'ng n%u $'c 2ng na s&"ng nghy" s"u{

5fyou will9would.

Th'fng $'c 2ng t45ng c/c ?Xu cpu 7dch sJ ( =ould7dch sJ hn)

YW 23{

I: ?5u ;5u72 ;"8t " &5&ent, I ;877 see 8: M4 5hn 8s he4e.

(N%u c u8 7ng chf &t cht, t8 s Ve& 78u ng 5hn ca = $U? +hng.)I ;5u72 be e4? g4"te:u7 8: ?5u ;8779 ;5u72 &"+e "n "44"nge&ent :54 &e.

5f you could] e4b 8n s8&7e :54&.

N%u ng u8 7ng Ng'8 na8 ch5 4[ng ng'f8 +8" s $ng nh' &t 7 tt nh8Xn

YW 23{

I: ?5u c5u72 :877 8n th8s :54&.

I: ?5u c5u72 5en ?5u4 b55+s.

5f + subJect + will9 would.N%u ... chdu !8Hn $Dt tJ ngu?n

YW 23{

I: he ;877 (;5u72) 78sten t5 &e, I c"n he7 h8&.

N%u na chdu nghe the5 7f8 t8 thi t8 ca thQ g8 na.

5f + subJect + will.

!8Hn tG sJ ng5"n c.

YW 23{

I: ?5u ;877 7e"4n Eng78sh th8s ;"?, " :"87u4e :54 TOFEL test 8s su4e ";"8t8ng ?5u.

N%u cu &* c hqc t8%ng Anh the5 c/ch n*? thi t4't + th8 TOFEL choc chon $"ng chf $an cu.

5f + subJect +should.

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!8Hn $Dt &t h*nh $ng 2 4t ca thQ $'c s5ng +hG nkng 4t Wt * +h8 na8 ng'f8 na8 +hng t8n 7*sJ 8c 7D8 ca thQ VG? 4".

YW 23{

I: ?5u sh5u72nt +n5; h5; t5 use th8s TY set, 7e"se c"77 &e u th8s nu&be4.

N%u "nh +hng b8%t c/ch s 23ng ch8%c t88 n*?, hv? gq8 $8n ch5 t8 s &/? n*?. (Na8 ? nh'ngng'f8 na8 +hng ch5 4[ng 7* "nh t" 7D8 +hng b8%t s 23ng ch8%c t88 $a.)

I: ?5u sh5u72 h"e "n? 28::8cu7t8es ;h87e 258ng these eVe4c8ses, 7e"se :ee7 :4ee t5 "s+ &e.

(Ng'f8 thp? +hng ch5 4[ng cu hqc s8nh 7D8 +hng 7*& $'c nhng b*8 t $a i chng 4t 2Hh5Zc cu hqc t4 4t thng &8nh)

T45ng &t s t4'fng h ng'f8 t" bK if$8 * $G5should7Xn $pu cUu &* ng nghy" +hng th"?$_8.

YW 23{

Sh5u72 ?5u h"e "n? 28::8cu7t8es ;h87e 258ng these eVe4c8ses, 7e"se :ee7 :4ee t5 "s+ &e.

Sh5u72 8t be c75u2? "n2 g4"?, the g45un2h5g ;877 su5se27? ;"n2e4 "45un2 :54 :552 " s8gn th"ts48ng 8s ne"4.

N%u t4f8 ca nh8u &U? * bpu t4f8 V/& Vdt thi ng'f8 t" ch5 7* c5n sac $t s $8 7"ng th"ng +8%& kn $a 7* 2u h8u c" &" uUn $"ng t\8 gpn. ThJc 4", +h8 s 23ng cu t4c n*? thi t/c g8G ch54[ng +h8 c5n sac $t chu8 4" thi 4t h8%& +h8 t4f8 7D8 ca nh8u &U? * bpu t4f8 7D8 V/& 7D8 ca thQ 7*25 +%t `uG thng +X.

1. C?ch sL %


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B8n tD8 `u/ +h

(Be 8s n5t 48ch)

1J.! +h u khV.

N%u $ng t# = &nh $ t4'\c ch8" =simple pastthi $ng t# = &nh $ - hG8 ch8" =past perfect.

Subject ] e4b (s8&7e "st) ] ] subject ] e4b ("st e4:ect)

YW 23{

mett? t"7+e2 "b5ut the c5ntest "s 8: she h"2 ;5n the g4"n2 48~e. P"st s8&7e "st e4:ect

(She 282nt ;8n the g4"n2 48~e.)

e:: 755+e2 "s 8: he h"2 seen " gh5st. P"st s8&7e "st e4:ect

(She 282nt see " gh5st.)

Be 755+e2 "s th5ugh he h"2 4un ten &87es. P"st s8&7e "st e4:ect

(Be 282nt 4un ten &87es.)

z CG - 2Dng ch8" $a s"u as if$u 28Hn $Dt $8u +8n +hng thQ thJc h8n $'c.Pu *'

T45ng &t s t4'fng h n%u $8u +8n 7* ca tht thi - cng thc t4Xn +hng $'c tuUn the5.

@ng t# 7D8 t4= 2Dng binh th'fng the5 28Hn b8%n c" cUu.YW 23{

Be 755+s "s 8: he h"s :8n8sh the test.

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54/128


C5u72 ] e4bSubject ] ;8sh ] (th"t) ] Subject} ] ;5u72 ] e4b ] ...

;e4e ] Y8ng

Subject} { ca thQ 7* cng h5Zc +h/c ch ng \8 ch ng t45ng &nh $ chWnh.YW 23{

ê ;8sh th"t ?5u c5u72 c5&e t5 the "4t? t5n8ght. (5u c"nt c5&e.)

I ;8sh th"t ?5u ;5u72 st5 s"?8ng th"t. (5u 45b"b7? ;5nt st5.)

She ;8sh th"t she ;e4e c5&8ng ;8th us. ( She 8s n5t c5&8ng ;8th us.)

1M.! +h h2n t0@ng t# = &nh $ - s ch8" =simple past. @ng t# to behG8 ch8" 7*& were= tt cG c/c ng8.

Subject ] ;8sh ] (th"t) ] Subject} ] e4b 8n s8&7e "st ...

YW 23{

I ;8sh th"t I h"2 en5ugh t8&e t5 :8n8sh &? h5&e;54+. ( I 25nt h"e en5ugh t8&e.)

e ;8sh th"t he ;e4e 572 en5ugh t5 c5&e ;8th us. ( Be 8s n5t 572 en5ugh.)

The? ;8sh th"t the? 282nt h"e t5 g5 t5 c7"ss t52"?. ( The? h"e t5 g5 t5 c7"ss.)

1M.J +h u khV.

@ng t# = &nh $ s"u s hG8 ch8" =Hast perfecth5Zc 8ould have + H^

P"st e4:ectSubject ] ;8sh ] (th"t) ] Subject ]

C5u72 h"e ] P-

YW 23{

I ;8sh th"t I h"2 ;"she2 the c75thes ?este42"?. ( I 282nt ;"sh the c75thes ?este42"?.)

She ;8sh th"t she c5u72 h"e been the4e. ( She c5u72nt be the4e.)

ê ;8sh th"t ;e h"2 h"2 &54e t8&e 7"st n8ght. ( ê 282nt h"e &54e t8&e.)

Pu *'@ng t# wishchl ca thQ Gnh h'=ng $%n &nh $ $[ng s"u na b[ng c/ch buc &nh $

$a hG8 = $8u +8n +hng thQ thJc h8n $'c. Nh'ng $8u +8n $a = thf8 n*5 7D8 25 thf8 g8"n c"&nh $ $a ù?%t $dnh +hng h h3 thuc *5 thf8 c" $ng t# to wish.

YW 23{

Be ;8she2 th"t he c5u72 c5&e t5 the "4t? neVt ;ee+. u/ +h @8u +8n = t'ng 7"8 T'ng 7"8

Trang 54


55/128


Ph h thf8

The h5t5g4"he4 ;8she2 th"t ;e st552 c75se4 t5gethe4 th"n ;e "4e st"n28ng n5;. u/ +h $8u +8n = h8n tD8 h8n tD8

Ph h thf8

PhG8 hUn b8t \8 to wish= 2Dng cUu n*? \8 nghy" '\c gi, &5ng gi \8 to wisht45ng&u cUu s"u{

T5 ;8sh s5&eb52? s5&eth8ng

YW 23{

I ;8sh ?5u " h"? b84th2"?.

1J. C?ch sL %


56/128


he use2 n5t t5 s;8& 5nce " 2"?.

1R.! g%t 9 C% us%d t-.

mE 9 ET SE! TO ] YIN ( t4= nXn `uen \8) (n5un)

L'u { T45ng cng thc (}) ca thQ th"? used to =ouldnh'ng 2H nhp& 7n.

1K. C?ch sL %


57/128


Subject ]would rather] h"e ] (P-)

YW 23{

5hn ;5u72 4"the4 h"e g5ne t5 c7"ss ?este42"? th"n t52"? ( 5hn thWch $8 hqc *5 ng*? h& `u"hn ng*? h& n"?).

1S.! P-0 cbu cf ! chY ng= 75D8 cUu n*? th*nh ng $'c s 23ng s 7* =ould rather that('\c gi, &5ng gi) * ch8"

7*& nhng &u cUu nh' s"u{

1. (bu g nh

L* 75D8 cUu 28Hn $Dt ng'f8 th nht &un ng'f8 th - 7*& &t 8c gi $a, nh'ng 7*&h"? +hng cn tu thuc *5 *5 hW" ng'f8 th -. !5 ? cu t4c $ng t# s"u ch ng - hG8 7*ngu?Xn thQ bK to Cng thc 1.

Subject1] =ould rather that] Subject-] b"4e 8n:8n8t8e

YW 23{

I ;5u72 4"the4 th"t 5nes c"77 &e t5&5445; ( T8 &un 5hnes gq8 $8n ch5 t8 *5 ng*? &"8 Nh'ng 5nes ca gq8 $8n ch5 ng'f8 na8 h"? +hng cn tu *5 5nes).

^e ;5u72 4"the4 th"t he t"+e th8s t4"8n. (@/ chu?%n t*u $a h"? +hng cn tu *5 "nh ? Bqchl &un ?).

!. 3u k2n khng thic h2n c G h2n t0 #ngha cYa cbu t/ v thic t$.

@ng t# s"u ch ng - s ch8" = !imple past, $ng t# to bes hG8 $'c ch8" th*nh =ere= tt cGc/c ng8 Cng thc -

Subject1] would rather that] Subject-] S8&7e "st...

YW 23{

Ben4? ;5u72 4"the4 th"t h8s g847:48en2 ;54+e2 8n the s"&e 2e"4t&ent "s he 25es

(In :"ct h8s g847:48en2 25esnt ;54+ 8n the s"&e 2e"4t&ent.)

"ne ;5u72 4"the4 th"t 8t ;e4e ;8nte4 n5;.

(It 8s n5t ;8nte4 n5;.)

7hOn G_t; T45ng c/c cUu t4Xn nghy" c" % th - 7un t4/8 \8 thJc t% = thf8 $8Q& h8n tD8.

N%u &un th*nh 7 thQ h $dnh 2ng

J. 3u k2n khng th thic h2n c t/-ng u khV #


58/128


T45ng 75D8 cUu n*? $ng t# = &nh $ th - s hG8 $'c ch8" = Hast perfect Cng thc1.

Subject1] ;5u72 4"the4 th"t ] Subject-] P"st e4:ect

YW 23{8& ;5u72 4"the4 th"t 877 h"2 g5ne t5 c7"ss ?este42"?.

(nh'ng t45ng thJc t% thi 877 $v +hng t\8 7\ ng*? h& `u" * ng'f8 na8 chl 7? 7*& t8Hc 7* 877 $v+hng t\8 7\ *5 ng*? h& `u".)


59/128


8ouldmaymight] Ye4b 8n s8&7e :54&

Ca thQ 9ca 7.

Chl &t +hG nkng ca thQ VG? 4" = h8n tD8 s5ng ng'f8 na8 +hng choc. CG 0 $ng t# ca g8/t4d nh' nh"u.

YW 23{ It &8ght 4"8n t5&5445; It ;877 5ss8b7? 4"8n t5&5445; It &"? 4"8n t5&5445; OR It c5u72 4"8n t5&5445; M"?be 8t ;877 4"8n t5&5445;

(h) *'

Maybe7* sJ +%t h c" may* be, nh'ng na 7* &t t# * +hng hG8 7* t4 $ng t#. Na $ngnghy" \8perhaps.

98t s: v; %< vY (-uld@ maT@v mghtF

The 4es82ent s"82 th"t the4e &8ght be " st48+e neVt &5nth.

I 25nt +n5; ;h"t I& 258ng t5&5445;. I &"? g5 t5 the be"ch 54 I &"? st"? h5&e.(L'u 7* ng'f8 Anh th'fng na8 7* st"? "t h5&e nh'ng ng'f8 M 7D8 na8 7* st"? h5&e.)

It &8ght be ;"4&e4 t5&5445;.

I &"? n5t be "b7e t5 g5 ;8th ?5u t5n8ght.

I 25nt +n5; ;he4e "8&e 8s. Be c5u72 be "t h5&e.

1`.! ;h-uld

!hould] Ye4b 8n s8&7e :54&

Nghy" 7* {

NXn ( 28Hn $Dt &t 7f8 +hu?Xn, $ nghd h5Zc bot buc nh'ng +hng &Dnh 7o&)

Ca +h8 2ng $Q 28Hn $Dt &5ng &un $8u gi VG? 4".

YW 23{

It sh5u72 4"8n t5&5445; ( I eVect 8t t5 4"8n t5&5445;)

M? chec+ sh5u72 "448e neVt ;ee+. ( I eVect 8t t5 "448e neVt ;ee+).

Pu *'

*ad better, ought to, be supposed tona8 chung 7* $ng nghy" \8should\8 $8u +8n 7* $ng t#to behG8 ch8" = thf8 h8n tD8.

be supposed to ng5*8 nghy" t'ng $'ng \8shouldcn &"ng nghy" `u? $dnh hG8, bot buchG8.

YW 23{

^e "4e su5se2 t5 h"e " &"th test th8s ":te4n55n, but 8t ;"s 5st5ne2 bec"use the P45:ess54h"2 t5 "tten2 " sc8ence c5n:e4ence.

( The5 u? $dnh 7* ....)

Trang 5"


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1`.J ûst

Must] e4b 8n s8&7e :54&

Nghy" 7* { PhG8 bot buc 4t &Dnh (ng'f8 bd bot buc +hng ca sJ 7J" chqn n*5 +h/c)

YW 23{

One &ust en254se " chec+ be:54e 5ne c"shes 8t. (ng'f8 t" hG8 + s"u t& sc t4'\c +h84t t8n).

e54ge &ust c"77 h8s 8nsu4"nce "gent t52"?.

A h"4&"c8st &ust +ee " 4ec542 5: the 4esc48t85ns th"t "4e :877e2.

An "ut5&5b87e &ust h"e g"s578ne t5 4un.

An "tt54ne? &ust "ss "n eV"&8n"t85n be:54e 4"ct8s8ng 7";.

Th8s :4ee~e4 &ust be +et "t -.

Bn 7* 28Hn $Dt &t sJ su? 7un ca 75g8c 2J" t4Xn nhng h8n t'ng ca tht = h8n tD8.

YW 23{

5hns 78ghts "4e 5ut. Be &ust be "s7ee.( e "ssu&e th"t 5hn 8s "s7ee bec"use the 78ghts "4e 5ut.)

The g4"ss 8s ;et. It &ust be 4"8n8ng.( e "ssu&e th"t 8t 8s 4"8n8ng bec"use the g4"ss 8s ;et.)

z Must$'c th"? th% b[ng have tot45ng nhng t4'fng h s"u $U?

@ng s"u =ill= thf8 t'ng 7"8.YW 23{

ê ;877 h"e t5 t"+e " TOEFL test "t the en2 5: th8s ?e"4.

*ad toth"? ch5 must= ù/ +h.

YW 23{

The te"che4 h"2 t5 "tten2 " sc8ence c5n:e4ence ?este42"?.

z = thf8 h8n tD8 have to$'c th"? th% ch5 must+h8{

BK8 Ve& &inh ca bd buc hG8 7*& $8u gi +hng h5Zc 28Hn $Dt sJ bot buc 25 +h/chù"n &"ng 7D8 $Q 7*& g8G& nh tWnh bot buc c" must.

YW 23{

{ !5 I h"e t5 7e"e " 2e5s8t

A { N5, ?5u nee2nt but ?5u h"e t5 s8gn 8n th8s 4eg8ste4, I& s544? but th"ts the 4u7e.

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61/128


8ould May might] have]P- (ca 7 $v)

Chl &t +hG nkng = ù/ +h s5ng ng'f8 na8 +hng 2/& choc.YW 23{

It &8ght h"e 4"8ne2 7"st n8ght, but I& n5t su4e.(Ca 7 $X& ù" t4f8 &'")

The c"use 5: 2e"th c5u72 h"e been b"cte48".(Ngu?Xn nhUn c" c/8 ch%t ca 7 7* 25 8 t4ng)

5hn &8ght h"e g5ne t5 the &58es ?este42"?.(Ca 7 5hn $v t\8 4D ch8%u bang ng*? h& ù")

C5u72 ] have]P- (ca 7 $v ca thQ nh'ng thJc t% thi +hng)

YW 23{

ê c5u72 h"e s57e2 th8s 45b7e& "t th"t t8&e (mut ;e c5u72nt 8n :"ct)(L 4" 7c $a chng t8 $v ca thQ g8G8 ù?%t $'c n $ n*?.)

SBOL! ]*4V`] P- (7 4" hG8, 7 4" nXn nh'ng thJc t% thi +hng)

Th*nh ng n*? t'ng $'ng \8 ^"s 9 ;e4e 9 Su5se2 t5.

MST*4V`P- Bn 7* $v

(Chl sJ su? 7un 75g8c 2J" t4Xn nhng h8n t'ng ca tht t45ng ù/ +h)

YW 23{P"u7 282 s5 ;e77 8n h8s seech t52"? th"t he c5u72 h"e 4ehe"4se2 8t &"n? t8&es th8s "st ;ee+.

(B& n"? P"u7 $v ca 7f8 h/t b8Qu 4t h"?, hn 7* tupn ù" na $v 28Hn t 4t nh8u 7pn ).

MIBT*4V` ``7YERm] IN ca 7 7c ? $"ng


YW 23{

I 282nt he"4 the te7eh5ne 48ng, I &8ght h"e been s7ee8ng "t th"t t8&e.

I 282nt ;"tch th"t scene 5n te7e8s85n, I &8ght h"e been "?8ng "ttent85n t5 the "4gu&ent.

MST*4V` ``7YERm] IN choc hn 7c ? $"ng


YW 23{

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I 282nt he"4 ?5u +n5c+, I &ust h"e been s7ee8ng "t th"t t8&e.

I 282nt see h8& th8s &54n8ng, he &ust h"e been ;54+8ng 8n the 5::8ce.

2U. t;nh t3 v EhR t3 (a%jective an% a%verb).z Mt tWnh t# b"5 g8f cng b_ nghy" ch5 &t 2"nh t# * chl 2"nh t#. Na $ng ng"?

t4'\c 2"nh t# $a. T45ng t8%ng Anh chl ca &t 2"nh t# 2u? nht $ng s"u 2"nh t# &*na b_ nghy" $a 7*{galore ( nh8u, h5ng h, 28 2*5).

YW 23{

The4e "4e e4454s g"754e 8n the :8n"7 eV"&.

Mt ha t# b"5 g8f cng b_ nghy" ch5{

] Mt $ng t# &t tWnh t# * &t ha t# +h/c.

YW 23{

Be 4uns e4? :"st. e4b "2 "2

She 8s te448b7? be"ut8:u7. A2 "2j

4dJ + ly advnh'ng hG8 crn thn i +hng hG8 bt c t# n*5 ca $u8 ly$u 7* ha t#. Mt sc/c tWnh t# cng ca tn cng 7* ly.

YW 23{

L5e7?, :48en27?, 75ne7?.

Mt s c/c c3& t# &= $pu b[ng g8\8 t# $Q chl $d" $8Q&, thf8 g8"n, h'ng t8n h*nh $ng, tinhhung h*nh $ng cng $'c c58 7* ha t#. YW 23{ 8n the 5::8ce.

Mt s c/c ha t# ca cu tD5 $Zc b8t nh'soon, very, almost.

Yd t4W c/c ha t# t45ng t8%ng Anh t'ng $8 th5G8 &/8 nh'ng cng ca nhng hc tD. Ca &ts `u? 7ut nh' s"u{

] C/c ha t# b_ ng s th'fng Vu?Xn $ng = cu8 cUu the5 th tJ 'u t8Xn{

z chl h'ng thc h*nh $ng ($u8 ly),

z chl $d" $8Q& (here, there, at school...),

z chl thf8 g8"n,

z chl h'ng t8n h*nh $ng,

z chl tinh hung h*nh $ng.

] Mt ha t# +hng b"5 g8f $'c $ng Ven *5 g8" $ng t# * tUn ng.

YW 23{I h"e te448b7? " he"2"che. (cUu s"8 i ha t# $ng Ven g8" $ng t# * tUn ng )

] N%u t45ng cUu chl ca ha t# chl thf8 g8"n thi na thQ $ng 7Xn $pu cUu.

YW 23{

In 1< I g4"2u"te2 but I 282nt :8n2 " j5b.

] C/c ha t# chl tpn s (always, sometimes...) th'fng b"5 g8f cng $ng t4'\c $ng t#chWnh +h8 na 7* $ng t# h*nh $ng, nh'ng b"5 g8f cng $ng s"u $ng t# to be.

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63/128


YW 23{

The? h"e 5:ten 8s8te2 &e 4ecent7?.

Be "7;"?s c5&es 8n t8&e.

Nh'ng{ The 4es82ent 8s "7;"?s 8n t8&e.

21. 78ng t3 n:i.@a 7* c/c $ng t# t45ng bGng s"u.

C/c $ng t# t4Xn ca nhng $Zc tWnh s"u{

z hng 28Hn $Dt h*nh $ng &* 28Hn $Dt bGn cht c" sJ t, sJ 8c, nh' &*u soc, &8 d ...

z @[ng s"u chng hG8 7* &t tWnh t# +hng $'c 7* &t ha t#.

L'u { c/c cZ $ng t#

"e"4 t5 h"en

see& t5 ch"nce ( !'fng nh')

o appearca thQ th"? th% ch5 to seem* ng'c 7D8 nh'ng +hng thQ th"? th% ch5 to happen*to chance.

0 $ng t# to be, to become, to remainca nhng t4'fng h ca &t 2"nh t# h5Zc &t ng 2"nh

t# the5 s"u, 7c $a chng &t $8 chc nkng $ng t# n8. 6 $ng t# to feel, to look, to smell* to tastet45ng &t s t4'fng h $8 hK8 s"u na 7* 2"nh t#7*& tUn ng * t4= th*nh &t ng5D8 $ng t#. Lc n*? chng &t $8 chc nkng c" &t $ng t#n8 * t4= th*nh &t $ng t# 28Hn $Dt h*nh $ng * ca `u?n $8 hK8 1 ha t# $8 b_ t4 (chngth"? $_8 &Zt ng nghy").

T5 :ee7 sf, non, +h/& Vt.

t5 755+ "t { nhin

t5 s&ee7 { ng8.

t5 t"ste { n%&.

22. !# s?nh ca t;nh t3 v %anh t3

22.1 ;- snh Ceng.

S5 s/nh b[ng chl 4" - thJc thQ chWnh V/c g8ng nh"u (b[ng nh"u h5Zc nh' nh"u) * ng'c 7D8 n%ucu t4c s5 s/nh = 2Dng h $dnh.

Cu t4c

As ... "s

Trang 63


64/128


"2j n5un S ] e4b ] as] ] as]

"2 45n5un

z N%u 7* cu t4c h $dnh asth nht ca thQ th"? b[ngso.

YW 23{Be 8s n5t s5 t"77 "s h8s :"the4.

Pu *{

T" cpn hG8 nh\ 4[ng $D8 t# s"u as7un = 2Dng ch ng.

Pete4 8s "s t"77 "s I. 5u "4e "s 572 "s she.

^Ht s5 th6 d4 v3 s- snh Ceng.

M? b55+ 8s "s 8nte4est8ng "s ?5u4.TWnh t#

B8s c"4 4uns "s :"st "s " 4"ce c"4. Pha t#

5hn s8ngs "s ;e77 "s h8s s8ste4. Pha t#

The84 h5use 8s "s b8g "s th"t 5ne. TWnh t#

B8s j5b 8s n5t "s 28::8cu7t "s &8ne. B5Zc B8s j5b 8s n5t s5 28::8cu7t "s &8ne. TWnh t# TWnh t#

The? "4e "s 7uc+? "s ;e TWnh t#

z !"nh t# cng ca thQ 2ng $Q s5 s/nh ch5 cu t4c n*? nh'ng t4'\c +h8 s5 s/nh hG8 V/c $dnhchoc chon 4[ng 2"nh t# $a ca nhng tWnh t# t'ng $'ng nh' t45ng bGng s"u{

TWnh t# !"nh t#he"?, 78ght;82e, n"445;2ee, sh"775;75ng, sh54tb8g, s&"77

;e8ght;82th2eth7engths8~e

z Cu t4c 2ng ch5 75D8 n*? s 7* the same ... as.

n5unSubject ] e4b ] the same] (n5un) ] as

45n5un

YW 23{

M? h5use 8s "s h8gh "s h8s

M? h5use 8s the s"&e he8ght "s h8s.

Pu *'

!5 tWnh cht hc tD c" 75D8 cng thc n*? nXn 8c s 23ng ba h *5 t45ng bGng t4Xn.

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Subject ] e4b ] ] than]


The s"&e "s wx 28::e4ent :45&.

M? n"t85n"78t? 8s 28::e4ent :45& he4s.

Ou4 c78&"te 8s 28::e4ent :45& C"n"2"s.

T45ng t8%ng Anh c" ng'f8 M ca thQ 2ng different thann%u s"u $a 7* cG &t cUu h5*n chlnh(+hng h_ b8%n).

YW 23{

B8s "e"4"nce 8s 28::e4ent :45& ;h"t I h"e eVecte2.

B8s "e"4"nce 8s 28::e4ent th"n I h"e eVecte2.

romca thQ th"? th% b[ng to.

^Ht s5 th6 d4 v3 th% sam% v dNN%/%nt N/-m'

These t4ees "4e the s"&e "s th5se.

Be se"+s the s"&e 7"ngu"ge "s she.

Be4 "224ess 8s the s"&e "s R8t"s.

The84 te"che4 8s 28::e4ent :45& 5u4s.

M? t?e;48te4 t?es the s"&e "s ?5u4s.

She t"+es the s"&e c5u4ses "s he4 husb"n2.

!!.! ;- snh hXn@ km

T45ng 75D8 s5 s/nh n*?, ng'f8 t" hUn 4" 7*& - 75D8 ha t#, tWnh t# ngon * ha t#, tWnh t# 2*8.

@8 \8 c/c ha t# * tWnh t# ngon, t" chl cpn cng thX& $u8 `*5 tn cng.

@8 \8 nhng tWnh t# ngon ca 1 ngu?Xn U& + g8" - h3 U&, t" hG8 g $8 h3 U& cu8 $Q+hng hG8 th"? $_8 c/ch $qc.

YW 23{

b8g b8gge4.4e2 4e22e4

h5t h5tte4

Nhng tWnh t# ca tn cng b[ng b/n ngu?Xn U& hG8 $_8 th*nh ier(? 8e4)

YW 23{

h"? h"8e4

:48en27? :48en278e4 (h5Zc &54e :48en27? th"n)

T4'fng h ng5D8 7{strong - stronger.

@8 \8 tt cG c/c ha t# * tWnh t# 2*8 2ng more(n%u hn) * 2ng less( n%u +&).

YW 23{ &54e be"ut8:u7, &54e 8&54t"nt, &54e be78e"b7e.

"2j ] er "2 ] er} n5un more] "2j9 "2 45n5un less] "2j

} ca thQ thX& er*5 tn cng c" &t s ha t# nh'{faster, 6uicker, sooner, * later.

Pu *'

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T52"? 8s h5tte4 th"n ?este42"?.

Th8s ch"84 8s &54e c5&:54t"b7e th"n the 5the4.

Be se"+s S"n8sh &54e :7uent7? th"n I .

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Th8s ?e"4s eVh8b8t 8s 7ess 8&4ess8e th"n 7"st ?e"4s.

@Q nhn &Dnh ch5 tWnh t# * ha t# s5 s/nh ng'f8 t" 2ngfarh5Zc mucht4'\c s5 s/nh.

Subject ] e4b ]far

much

"2]

"2j]er ] than

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Subject ] e4b ]far

much

more+

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"2j]

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Th"t &58e ;e s"; 7"st n8ght ;"s &uch 7ess 8nte4est8ng th"n the 5ne 5n te7e8s85n.A ;"te4&e75n 8s &uch s;eete4 th"n " 7e&5n.

She 2"nces &uch &54e "4t8st8c"77? th"n he4 4e2ecess54.

Be se"+s Eng78sh &uch &54e 4"827? th"n he 25es S"n8sh.

B8s c"4 8s :"4 bette4 th"n ?5u4s.

z !"nh t# cng ca thQ $'c 2ng $Q s5 s/nh t45ng c/c cu t4c b[ng h5Zc hn, +&.

T45ng cu t4c s5 s/nh b[ng chl cpn V/c $dnh Ve& 2"nh t# $a 7* $%& $'c h"? +hng $%& $'ci t4'\c chng ca &t s $dnh ng 2ng \8 - 75D8 2"nh t# $a.

T45ng cu t4c s5 s/nh hn +& cng cpn hG8 V/c $dnh Ve& 2"nh t# $a 7* $%& $'c h"? +hng$%& $'c i $[ng t4'\c chng ca 2ng fewer(ch5 $%& $'c), less(+hng $%& $'c) * more

2ng chung ch5 cG - (cng thc 2'\8 $U?). !5 cu t4c n*? +hng hc tD nXn $'c 2ng 4ng4v8 hn s5 \8 cu t4c s5 s/nh b[ng.

many much n5un little 45n5un few

h5Zc

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more n5unSubject ] e4b ] fewer ] n5un ] than] 45n5un less

YW 23{

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Feb4u"4? h"s :e;e4 2"?s th"n M"4ch.

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The? h"e "s :e; c7"ss "s ;e.

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me:54e "?2"?, I h"e "s 78tt7e &5ne? "s &? b45the4.

!!.J ;- snh h l*

h8 s5 s/nh nXn nh\ 4[ng c/c &3c t# 2ng $Q s5 s/nh hG8 t'ng $'ng \8 nh"u bGn cht ng

h/ ( ng'f8 \8 ng'f8, t \8 t). !5 ? 0 &3c s5 s/nh h 7 s 7*{z s= hu c/ch

z th"t 5: (ch5 s Wt)

z th5se 5: (ch5 s nh8u)

CUu s"8{ B8s 24";8ngs "4e "s e4:ect "s h8s 8nst4uct54 (cUu n*? s5 s/nh drawings\8 instructor)

CUu $ng { B8s 24";8ngs "4e "s e4:ect "s h8s 8nst4uct54s (8nst4uct54s 8nst4uct54s 24";8ngs)

CUu s"8{ The s"7"4? 5: " 45:ess54 8s h8ghe4 th"n " sec4et"4?. (cUu n*? s5 s/nh g8" 7'ng c" 1ng g8/5 s' \8 &t c th' +)

CUu $ng{ The s"7"4? 5: " 45:ess54 8s h8ghe4 th"n th"t 5: " sec4et"4?. ( th"t 5: th"t s"7"4? 5:)

CUu s"8 { The 2ut8es 5: " 578ce&"n "4e &54e 2"nge45us th"n " te"che4. (cUu n*? s5 s/nh g8"duties\8 teacher)

CUu $ng{ The 2ut8es 5: " 578ce&a

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