ggim.un.org geospatial information: making a difference to national, regional and global prosperity...

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Geospatial Information: Making a difference to national, regional

and global prosperity

Dr Vanessa Lawrence CB and Greg Scott

United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management

(UN-GGIM)

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“Rwanda has created an electronic land registry which is known as the Land Administration Information System (LAIS). The Electronic Land Registry now

has been connected to all banks to ease the process of getting loans using the land as collateral. The electronic registry also clearly increased transparency

about land ownership and has reduced fraud.”

HE Ambassador Protais Mitali, Ambassador of Rwanda to Ethiopia and Permanent Representative to the African Union

Land Tenure regularisation in Rwanda

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• The UK’s Department for International Development (DfID) have been supporting a major Land Tenure Regularisation programme in Rwanda since 2009.

• Rwanda is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, with pressure on land likely to increase in the coming years. In 2009 only 40,000 land parcels registered

• The project completed registration of 10.6 million land parcels in 2014, helping to reduce conflict and provide the security needed by farmers and businesses to invest in long-term food production.

• Location information is a key part of this process.

Source: UK Gov’t/DfID

Land Tenure regularisation in Rwanda

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• 75 percent of the world’s population do not have access to formal systems to register and safeguard their land rights.

• The approach used for building land administration systems in less developed countries must move to being flexible and focused on citizens’ needs including providing security of tenure and control of land use, rather than focusing on top-end technical solutions and high accuracy surveys.

• Foreign investors through large scale land acquisitions have attained more than 30 million hectares of land in largely poor and middle-income countries since 2000.

Land Administration: the current scenario

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• A joint publication by FIG and the World Bank.

• The report states that A fit-for-purpose approach includes the following elements:

• Being Flexible in the spatial data capture approaches to provide for varying use andoccupation.

• Being Inclusive in scope to cover all tenure and all land.

• Participatory in approach to data capture and use to ensure community support.

Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration

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• Affordable for the government to establish and operate, and for society to use.

• Reliable in terms of information that is authoritative and up-to-date.

• Attainable in relation to establishing the system within a short timeframe andwithin available resources.

• Upgradeable with regard to incremental upgrading and improvement over timein response to social and legal needs and emerging economic opportunities

Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration

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• In the Lough Erne Declaration, G8 leaders agreed the principle that “Land transactions should be transparent, respecting the property rights of local communities”. Leaders agreed the implement the globally negotiated Voluntary Guidelines on Land Tenure and to support regional processes such as the land Policy Initiative of the AU.

• Leaders also launched an initial eight land partnerships to support the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines. For the G7, the UK leads the partnerships with Tanzania and Nigeria and co-leads with the United States and Germany in Ethiopia. The first official review point will be the G7 accountability report in June 2015.

G8 Presidency in 2013 placed land high on the agenda

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Government needs authoritative data

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1977 – 8th RCC for Asia and the Far East

1980 – 9th RCC for Asia Pacific

1999 – Bathurst Declaration

2011 - Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlement Program

2012 - Kuala Lumpur Declaration on Spatially Enabled Government and Society

The UN has recognised the importance of land administration since the 1970s

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Monitoring sustainable development: why location matters

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The future we want: 19 June 2012

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How can you measure and monitor sustainable development…

…without location and geography?

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• Rio+20 agreed that the new goals and targets need to finish the job that the Millennium Development Goals started post 2015.

• Rio+20 Member States agreed to launch a process to develop a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – these will be agreed by the General Assembly.

• UN Secretary General published his report on the SDGs in Nov/Dec 2014.

• UN General Assembly will agree the SDG’s in September 2015.

“The results [of the MDGs] represent a tremendous reduction in human suffering…but, they are

not a reason to relax” Ban Ki-Moon Secretary-General, United Nations, 2012

What are Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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GI and the post-2015 development agenda

“Geospatial information is fundamental to decision making, policy formulation, measuring and monitoring

development elements, all critical to the post 2015 sustainable development agenda.”

Wu Hongbo, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, 2014

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The report by the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals have proposed a set of 17 Goals, these are supported by 169 targets.

The opening preamble states:

“In order to monitor the implementation of the SDGs, it will be important to improve the availability of and access to data and statistics

disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in

national contexts.”

Open Working Group goals

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1. End poverty in all forms everywhere

2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture

3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all

5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all

8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth

9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

10. Reduce inequality within and among countries

11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

Open Working Group goals that involve Geospatial Information

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“We need to act and UN-GGIM can play a powerful role in this. Doing this, UN-GGIM will enforce the post-2015 agenda of other

organisations like FIG, World Bank, FAO and UN-Habitat. Good land administration, considering both formal and informal rights of the use

and ownership of land, is a basic requirement for social and economic development ….”

Norwegian Delegation

Fourth Session of UN-GGIM

At the Fourth meeting of UN-GGIM a Member State asked for a change to the UN-GGIM agreed workplan

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On the final day of its fourth session in August 2014, the Committee of Experts, approved the addition of the work item to the Plan:

“The application of geospatial information – land administration and management”

The application of geospatial information to land administration and management

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• The United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM) was established to enhance and coordinate geospatial information management globally

• UN-GGIM provides a formal mechanism under the UN system to discuss and coordinate Geospatial Information Management activities by involving Member States at the highest Government level as the key participants

UN-GGIM – What is it?

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Positioning geospatial information to address global challenges

UN Secretariat

Secretary General

ODAOIOS OLAOICT

DESA DPIDFSDPKODPA DSSDM DGACM

OCHA ODC UNOG UNOV UNONOHCHR OOSA

Missions

Department of Economic and Social Affairs

UN Statistics and Geospatial Information Division

UN-GGIM Secretariat

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Formal inter-governmental UN Committee of Experts to:• Be the apex organisation in the United Nations involved

with geospatial information• Make joint decisions and set directions on the use of

geospatial information within national and global policy frameworks.

• Work with governments to improve policy, institutional arrangements, and legal frameworks.

• Address global issues and contribute collective knowledge as a community with shared interests and concerns.

• Develop effective strategies to build geospatial capacity in transitional and developing countries.


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To make accurate, reliable and authoritative geospatial information readily available to support national,

regional and global development

UN-GGIM: its role

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• United Nations Cartographic Section — provides geographic information support to the full range of United Nations operations. This includes Providing accurate and timely geographic information in support of the decision-making and operational needs of:– The Security Council– UN Secretariat– UN Peace Operations– UN Humanitarian Operations

• UNGIWG (United Nations Geographic Information Working Group) — a voluntary network of UN professionals working in the fields of cartography and geographic information science.

Other United Nations Structures involved in GI

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Other United Nations Structures involved in GI

• UNGEGN (United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names)

— provides technical recommendations on standardizing geographical names at the national and international levels, also falls under UN Statistics Division.

• UNOOSA (United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs) — responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space. Also runs UN-SPIDER (United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response).

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UN-GGIM Committee of Experts

UN-GGIM Asia-Pacific

UN-GGIM Africa

UN-GGIM Americas

UN-GGIM Europe

WG 3Place-Based

Information for Economic Growth

WG 1Geodetic

Reference Frame for SD

WG 2Data Sharing & Integration for Disaster Mmnt.

ChinaRep. of KoreaJapan

WG1Institutional

arrangements

Saudi ArabiaJordanAlgeria

CODIST-Geo

AFREFAfrican Reference

Frame

Member States to be elected

UN ECA: Geoinfo merged with Statistics. 3/2013 CODIST meeting recommended CODIST-Geo become UN-GGIM Africa.

European Environment

Agency

European Commission+ Eurostat

EuroGeographics

WG A: FranceWGB: Germany

SwedenNetherlandsSpain

SIRGASGeocentric

Reference System for Americas

Working Groups &

Region Vocals

PAIGHPan Amer. Inst. of Geography and

History

MexicoChileMexico

GeoSURGeo. Network for Latin America &

Caribbean

UN-GGIM Arab States

WG 2Fundamental Data and geo-standards

WG 3Geodetic

Reference Frame

WG 4Integration of

Geospatial and Statistical Info.

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UN-GGIM: Arab States

Four working groups

1. Institutional arrangements, Legal and Policy Issues, Awareness and Capacity Building

2. Fundamental Data and Geo-Standards3. Geodetic Reference Frame4. Integration of Geospatial and Statistical Information

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UN-GGIM: Africa

A transitional bureau, has been set up to oversee the establishment of the regional committee for UN-GGIM: Africa at UN-GGIM5.

Chair: Ethiopia,

Co-Chairs: Burkina Faso, South Africa and Tunisia,

Secretariat services are provided by Economic Commission for Africa

Four working groups have been set up:

1. African Geodetic Reference Frame

2. Fundamental datasets

3. Institutional arrangements and legal frameworks

4. Capacity and capability development

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High level forum for Member States

Legal and Policy Frameworks

Standards for Geospatial

Information Management

Knowledge base for Geospatial


Forum for exchange of best

practice

StandardsStrong Governance

Capability and Capacity Building

Spatial Frameworks

Global Geodetic Reference

FrameworkGlobal Map for

Sustainable Development

Fit-for-purpose geospatial information

Post-2015 Development Agenda


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• UN-GGIM has:• Identified Legal and Policy Issues as one of the main challenges facing

the geospatial community in the next ten years• Engaged with the Centre for Spatial Law and Policy and the

International Bar Association to help identify issues• Conducted a survey of Member States to assess the impact on legal

and policy issues on data collection, use and distribution• Formulated guidance on issues surrounding geospatial law


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practice



Spatial Frameworks





Improved decision making


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Existing Standards and the Inventory of Issues

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“The Guide”

and

“The Companion Document”

International Organization forStandardization

TC 211

Available to download from the UN-GGIM website

UN-GGIM and International Standards

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practice



Spatial Frameworks







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UN-GGIM website shares best practice models from around the world

Sharing best practice

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• The challenge: need for faster police response to incidents and to improve the Integrated Public Safety System (SISP).

• The solution: investment of US$ 150 million to map major cities, to implement a geographical information system (GIS) and for hardware acquisition (monitoring cameras and GPS navigator).

• The benefits: 10% reduction in police incidents and 13% reduction in homicides in May 2012, in comparison with May 2011, due to the benefits of ‘crime map’ in the State.

Data integration between civil and military police.

With over 1.5 million km2 and 3.5 million inhabitants, the State of Amazonas is the largest of the 27 states in Brazil and the second most populous in the Northern region.

Source: Imagem / Amazon State Government

9

Brazil: use of GIS improves monitoring and reduces crime in the state of Amazonas

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practice



Spatial Frameworks







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Basic dGPS: 0.8-3m

Standalone GPS: 10m

RTK:1-2cm

High Quality dGPS: 20-80cm

30

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Typical Installation

31

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32

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Global Geodetic Reference System Regional Reference System

National Reference SystemLocal application

The Global Geodetic Reference Frame

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GGRF Applications

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• The United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management decided in July 2013 to formulate and facilitate a resolution for a global geodetic reference frame

• UN-GGIM recognises the growing demand for more precise positioning services, the economic importance of a global geodetic reference frame and the need to improve the global cooperation within geodesy

UN Resolution – Global Geodetic Reference Frame

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• UN-GGIM endorsed the draft Resolution and requested that the UN-GGIM Secretariat refers the Resolution to ECOSOC for its endorsement and further referral to UN General Assembly.

UN resolution: Global Geodetic Reference Frame

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On Thursday 26th of February 2015 the United Nations General Assembly adopted its first resolution recognizing the importance of a globally–coordinated approach to geodesy.

The resolution was introduced by Fiji, and was co-sponsored by 52 Member States.

More information can be found at: http://www.unggrf.org/

or by following @UNGGRF

Global Geodetic Reference Frame for Sustainable Development

http://www.unggrf.org/

http://www.unggrf.org/

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Economic Growth: KenyaEstablishment of a modern geodetic reference frame

• Networks that do not meet accuracy standards for geodetic control surveys and scientific research

• Inconsistent and Different co-ordinate systems necessitating regular co-ordinate conversion when undertaking project.

• Inadequate height data• Destroyed pillars

• Expected realization of a faster and easier access to geo-spatial information for socio-economic development

• Data from the stations to be made available to both Government institutions and Private Sector

Reconstructed PillarExisting Pillar

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Economic Growth: KenyaEstablishment of a modern geodetic reference frame

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Future trends in geospatial information management: the 5–10 year vision

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• Trends in technology and the future direction of data creation, maintenance and management;

• Legal and policy developments;• Skills requirements and training mechanisms;• The role of the private sector and non-governmental sectors; and• The future role of governments in data provision and

management.

Five broad themes identified

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practice



Spatial Frameworks







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Geospatial information: Making a difference to national, regional and global prosperity

‘In Namibia a country in which water is a scarce resource…spatial data is

only below water in significance’ Minister Alpheus G. !Naruseb, Minister of Lands and

Resettlement, Namibia

ggim.un.org geospatial information: making a difference to national, regional and global prosperity...

Documents

land rights

land ownership

land transactions

hectares of land

electronic land registry

control of land use

large scale land acquisitions

security of tenure