Getting Familiar with Web Pages

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Getting Familiar with Web Pages

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The Internet • Worldwide collection of interconnected

computer networks that enables businesses,

organizations, governments, and individuals

to communicate in a variety of ways.

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Types of ConnectionsDial-Up

Inexpensive but slow Involves a modem and a phone line

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)Faster

Cable modem, satellite, and fiber-optic access Wireless transmitters

Internet service providers (ISPs)Companies that help you connect to Internet

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Connection SpeedsDial-Up

Slowest access to Internet Up to 56 kilobits per second, or Kbps

DSL3 megabits per second, or Mbps

Cable ModemsUp to 30 Mbps

A web page that takes about 20 seconds to download via dial-up can take less than a second using a cable modem.

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Communication StandardsInternet relies on protocols or rules that

dictate how computers and networks talk to each other.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)Rules that control how Internet messages flow

between computersHypertext Transfer Protocol, (HTTP)

Rules that determine how browsers should request Web pages ad how server computers should deliver them

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World Wide WebGiant collection of documents, or pages,

stored on computers around the globe. Called the Web

Web pages are stored on serversInternet-connected computers running

software that allows them to serve up information to other computers.

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URLs and LinksEvery page on the Web has a unique address

Called a URL Uniform Resource Locator

Http://www.example.com/index.html

Hyperlinks or linksClickable words or images on Web pages.

Every link is associated with a URL Makes is easier to jump from one Web page to

another

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BrowsersWeb browser-Software that allows you to

view and interact with Web pagesMost popular

Microsoft Internet ExplorerMozilla FirefoxApple Safari

Each browser may display your pages slightly differently depending on the version

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Getting Familiar with Web Pages

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HTMLBuild Web Pages using HTML

Hypertext Markup LanguageMade up of text content and special codes known

as tags Tags tell Web browsers how to display content

HTMLPlatform independent

You can view Web pages on any computer operating system Windows Mac Linux

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HTML TagsHTML is made up of text combined with

special instructions called tags.Tags tell a browser how to organize and

present text, images, and other Web page content. Tags are surrounded by brackets, < > Written using an opening tag and a closing tag that

surround content Can use upper or lower case letters

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Rendering HTMLWhen a browser displays a Web page

it retrieves the HTML file for that page from a server

Looks at the HTML tags to see how the content should be formatted

Shows the page

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HTML StandardsThe World Wide Web Consortium

W3C Primary group guiding the evolution of the HTML

language.W3C is made up of hundreds of companies and

organizations; leaders in industry include: Microsoft Apple Google

Set guidelines to web developers www.w3.org

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HTML VersionsMost recent version of HTML is 4.01

Includes more than 90 different HTML tagsVery important because it allows developers to

apply more precise formatting to Web pages. Next generation/version of HTML

right now the W3C is developing HTML 5 www.whatwg.org/html5

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XHTMLExtensible Hypertext Markup Language

Web pages that conforms to the stricter standards of XML or Extensible Markup Language.

Uses many of the same tags as HTML, but has more rules.

Most modern browsers can read both HTML and XHTML. We are only going to learn HTML!!

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Getting Familiar with Web Pages

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Explore Web Browsers

Software that can retrieve HTML documents from the Web, go through the HTML instructions, and display the resulting Web pages.

You can also use the Web browser to test

your work.

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FINDING A BROWSERMost computer operating systems come with

a Web browser already installed. Microsoft Vista computers

Internet Explorer browserApple Mac computers

Safari browserAnother increasingly popular browser is

Mozilla Firefox. Many web browsers interpret HTML

essentially the same way, but have to write HTML code and test pages carefully.

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Getting Familiar with Web Pages

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Simple Text EditorsSimple text editors or plain-test editors are

easy to findMicrosoft windows

NotepadApple Mac

TextEdit

Wikipedia has a list of free and commercial text editors at http://wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_text_editors

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HTML Editors

Adobe Dreamweaver and Microsoft Expression

Programs for writing HTML code and managing Web pages.

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Understanding HTML SyntaxWriting HTML

Tags determine how page content is organized and formatted.

Tags consist of words or abbreviations surrounded by angle brackets, < >. This code creates a paragraph in your page. <P> Hello, world!</P>

Tags can be written using upper or lowercase letters. All of these versions are legal

<BR> <br> <Br>As a class, we are going to type tag names in

uppercase to tell it apart from other code.23

Tag StructureCertain HTML tags identify different part of

your HTML document<BODY> and </BODY> tags surround the

main body content that appears in the browser window

<HEAD> and </HEAD> tags surround accessory information that does not appear directly in the browser window.

Some tags have opening and closing and some stand alone.

All closing tags must always include a slash (/) before the tag name

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