Global Global Global Global Interconnected SystemInterconnected SystemInterconnected SystemInterconnected SystemContribution of CIGRE C1.35 & C1.44Contribution of CIGRE C1.35 & C1.44Contribution of CIGRE C1.35 & C1.44Contribution of CIGRE C1.35 & C1.44

Webinar – 7 June 2021

Q: Can interconnections and a global grid mitigate climate change? and how?

Webinar – 7 June 2021

3

TOP 20 for electricity exports/imports in 2018IAE source

The main active interconnections worldwide:

- in North-America (between Canada and USA),

- in South-America (between Brazil and Paraguay)

- in Africa (South-Africa and Mozambique),

- in Europe (between all European countries).

* 2% of demand

*

* 15% of demand

*

Present global network

Continents not really interconnected

5

Scope of the CIGRE C1.35 feasibility study

To carry out the first known feasibility study for the concept of a global electricity

network.

The study has to

• The study has to adopt one reference long term scenario for consumption and supply

volumes, covering now and the year 2050.

Data and scenario

2050

(External sources)

Simulations(CIGRE C1.35)

Which Global Grid?

(CIGRE C1.35)

• Supports a balanced coordination of power supply of all Supports a balanced coordination of power supply of all Supports a balanced coordination of power supply of all Supports a balanced coordination of power supply of all

interconnected countries.interconnected countries.interconnected countries.interconnected countries.

• Enables clean energy Enables clean energy Enables clean energy Enables clean energy transition.transition.transition.transition.

• Take advantage of diversity of clean energy.Take advantage of diversity of clean energy.Take advantage of diversity of clean energy.Take advantage of diversity of clean energy.

Priority to Priority to Priority to Priority to clean clean clean clean energyenergyenergyenergy

INTERCONNECTION

6

91

2

13

11

12

10

4

5

6

7

8

3

Sources: WEC hypothesis on generation and demand (C1.35 model with 13 regions).

6671 TWh

2438 GW

2740 TWh

904 GW 2427 TWh

912 GW

552 TWh

231 GW

4481 TWh

1534 GW

2108 TWh

644 GW

10408 TWh

3106 GW

959 TWh

398 GW

1860 TWh

763 GW

551 TWh

198 GW

2215 TWh

982 GW4885 TWh

1413 GW

2050

39850 TWh

13500 GWWEC2013

WEC2016 44%

demand

RES53%

Input data for electricity generation: forecast by 2050

91

2

13

11

12

4

5

6

7

8

3

110

49 [2]

964

513

393

386

228

51149

114

86

166

581

739

579

444

66

1426

0

0

371

1215

95

733

103

21

405

681

128

64

1

0

129

136

9

320

416

76

0

0

0

Wind

Solar

Gas

10

Installed capacities in GW and costs [G€/y] for interconnections

Reference case with interconnections

Hydro

12%Biomass

2%Nuclear

6%Coal CCS

1%

Wind

38%

Solar PV

30%

gas

11%

Installed capacities - C1.35 - with interconnection

Hydro Biomass Nuclear Coal CCS Wind Solar PV gas

C1.35- key figures

Hydro

14%

Biomass

2%Nuclear

7%Coal CCS

1%

Wind

22%

Solar PV

27%

gas

27%

Installed capacities - C1.35 - without interconnection

Hydro Biomass Nuclear Coal CCS Wind Solar PV gas

Σ Interconnections = 2600 GW

13500 GW

54 €/MWh

14900 GW

48 €/MWh

Scope of the C1.44

The objective of WG C1.44 is to extend the results of WGC1.35 and make them more robust, by considering differentstorage options, demand response, transmission withincontinental regions, and trading rule and governancequestions of a global grid.

10

The tasks/results (in comparison with the previous C1.35)

C1.35 C1.44Item

Data: Generation/Demand

Model: Nb regions

WEC 2050 assumptions No change

13 22

Model: Selection of corridors 20 corridors 35 (new regions + review)

Simulation: Tool

Model: Storage + Demand Response n.c. New

ANTARES © PLEXOS ©

Simulations Finished in 2019 (TB 775) Start in 2021

C1.44 RES Power factors

Wind

Solar

Demand Response

• Set all DR for all region 10% of peak load shaving.

• Load shifting - The energy used (A MWh in the diagram) is shifted to the following hour after the peak.

C1.44

C1.35

C1.44- key figuresHydro

11% Biomass

2%Nuclear

6%Coal - CCS

1%

Wind

31%

Solar PV

30%

Gas

19%

Installed capacities - C1.44 - without interconnection

Hydro Biomass Nuclear Coal - CCS Wind Solar PV Gas

13900 GW

51 €/MWh

Hydro

11% Boimass

2%Nuclear

6%Coal CCS

1%

Wind

45%

Solar PV

27%

Gas

8%

Installed capacities - C1.44 - with interconnections

Hydro Boimass Nuclear Coal CCS Wind Solar PV Gas

14300 GW

47 €/MWh

• Low impact of DR, and of Storage on the cost;

• Interconnections are more profitable;

• Strong impact of the CF (wind and solar);

• Unrealistic capacity for the interconnections;

need to limit the capacity of each interconnection (50 GW?)

Key messages and questionsKey messages and questionsKey messages and questionsKey messages and questions

Q: Can interconnections and a global grid mitigate climatechange? and how?

Webinar – 7 June 2021

ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion

A: Yes, but the most important pre-condition for step-by-step,region-by-region global interconnections is political supportwith a global or at least multilateral, robust cooperationapproach and mutual trust.

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