germany since 1929 - housing authority
TRANSCRIPT
CHINA HONG KONG MACAU
over 25 years by
GERMANY since 1929
Fortune 500 Global Group Company
Stocklisted in London, New York and Dublin
www.crh.com
1
Application of Building Technology
for Controlling Risk at Source - 14/07/2016
CHINA HONG KONG MACAU
since 1980
Precast Concrete Connection Typical applications
Fixing of C/W brackets
Guide rail fixing
Fixing of of stadium seats
Pipe support
Machinery fixing
Pre-cast panel connections Fixing overhead lines
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Seismic / Dynamic loading
HALFEN channels were independently tested acc. to the provisions of ACI 355.2-2007.
The results proved that the stated load capacties are also valid for the load condition of
an earthquake.
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Fire protection (R90 & R120 as per ETA approval)
HTA-CE channels available with fire ratings for R90 as well as R120
Actual tests have shown that hot-rolled cast-in channels provide even
higer resistance compared to cold-rolled channels (ETA revision in
progress)
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Design consideration since – cracks in concrete
components
Deformation
Deformation
Loading
Deformation
Compression
Tension
Cracks!
Cracks can occure anywhere in concrete at any time!
Factors involved:
Loads like dead load, traffic or wind loads
Shrinkage and creeping of concrete
External influences like earthquakes or ground motions
that result in tensions, deformations and thus crack formation
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Façade Panel Anchor 預製混凝土板吊掛系統
Wind-pressure
風壓力
Wind-suction
風吸力
FPA: Calculation for upper und lower hoizontal support
上、下部支撐點計算 From dead-load: H from FPA 恒載:H水準分力
Do,g1=H x (h1-h2)/h1
Du,g1=H x h2/h1
From dead-load: offset G 恒載:G偏心作用 Do,g2= -G x (f/2)/h1
Du,g2= G x (f/2)/h1
From wind-pressure 風壓力
Do,wD= WD x AO
Du,wD= WD x AU
From wind-suction 風吸力
Do,wS = WS x AO
Du,wS = WS x AU
The loads have to be summed up 上述荷載應組合
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Parapet Corbels 預製女兒牆錨固系統
Design Theory 設計原理
• Types BRA 1-8 with Mpl,y,Rd = 200 - 2100 kNcm
型號BRA 1-8具有Mpl,y,Rd = 200 - 2100 kNcm
• Cavity b up to approx. 400 mm
空隙b可達400mm
• Thickness f from100 mm
牆厚f大於100mm
• Actions 荷載 - dead-load 恒荷載 - wind 風荷載 - horizontal loads (handrail) 橫向荷載(欄杆) - temperature 溫度
• Recommendation: use software BRA
建議:採用BRA設計軟體
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Invisible Stair Connection 樓梯連接件
Features 產品特性
• 隱型安裝、無梯梁、無需牛腿
Invisible, no beam, no corbel
• 隔音降噪
Sound insulation
• 易於安裝、節省工期
Easy installation, save time
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Traditional Method/傳統做法 1.Penetrating Formwork/範本穿孔 2.Transportation Issues/運輸麻煩 3.Lifting Issues/吊裝入位困難
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Rebars are bent due to improper lift/transport 吊裝運輸期間鋼筋易磕碰
Perforating formwork is always troublesome 範本開孔工序繁瑣
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HBT Rebend Reinforcement
重彎折鋼筋 1.No holes in formwork
範本無須穿孔 2.Efficient Transportation
運輸效率高 3.Quick lifting 吊裝入位簡單
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Flash-butt-welded tension bars
受拉鋼筋採用閃光接觸對焊
Eligible for 80 mm and 120 mm
保溫層厚度採用80mm或120mm
Concrete steel 縱向鋼筋 Stainless blank steel with
fixing ring 不銹鋼鋼筋 End Cap端蓋
Compression shear bearing
(CSB) 承壓抗剪單元 made
of ultra-high strength
material 採用特殊高強材料 Casing for TB made of
plastic material
塑膠材質保護蓋
Mineral wool as
insulation against fire
and low temperature
填充岩棉:保溫+防火
Assembly 組成部分
Balcony Connections 陽臺保溫連接件
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• REI(F120) as Standard
可達到REI(F120)的標准防火
• No installation of lateral fire boards due to protection materials on all sides
全面防火,取消兩側防火板
• No confusion of elements with and without fire protection
不會混淆防火和非防火構件
No additional effort for REI120(F120) 實現防火功能不需額外投入 •
Fire protection of HIT-HP/SP MV 耐火性能
HIT Balcony Connections 陽臺保溫連接件
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Lifting Anchor Systems 吊裝系統
Requirements for lifting anchor systems 吊裝系統技術要求
Safety factors (German regulations)
安全係數(德國標準)
Safety factor : > 4 (5)
安全係數
Safety factor : 4
安全係數
Safety factor : 4 安全係數
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Health & Safety Issues in Concrete Construction
Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome Dust and Noise at work
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S T R U C T U R E S A F E T Y F R O M
Y O U R D E V I C E ?
GLOBAL THINKING
CERTAIN THINGS
ARE UNCERTAIN
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ACCIDENTS THAT COULD HAVE BEEN
AVOIDED • SHANGHAI 2011 - A SUBWAY RAIL
COLLAPSED DURING CONSTRUCTION
• – KILLS 4 PERSONS
• CHRISTCHURCH 2011 - A LAX RESIDENTIAL BUILDING STANDARDS CONTRIBUTED TO THE COLLAPSE
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• IN FEB 2014, IN SOUTH KOREA 10 STUDENTS WERE KILLED BUILDING
COLLAPSE AT COLLEGE RETREAT
GOALS:
Foresee risks related to structures.
Enforce safety of users.
Sustain the structures and its
environment
PREVENTION DOUBTS EMERGENCIES
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WHY MONITORING ?
WHY PREVENTION ?
WHAT DO YOU KNOW ALL ABOUT ?
- SHM integrated into the normal lifespan of a building
- Innovative design
- Neighbouring works
- Restructuration works
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NORMAL LIFESPAN OF BUILDINGS:
BANK OFFICE BUILDINGS, PARIS
Context Important French Bank owning a very large real estate asset
Structure Several high-rise buildings, highest being 167 m. 230 000 m²
Risks Apparition and evolution of hidden phenomena
Instrumentation - 54 Autonomous Optical Strands
Results Safe availability of commercial area Control of maintenance works
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INNOVATIVE DESIGN:
LOUIS VUITTON FOUNDATION, PARIS
Context Modern Art Museum with atypical structure designed by Frank Gehry
Structure 35 m high concrete tower. At its top, cantilevers beams hanging a 350-ton metallic structure
Risks Excessive deformations of the cantilever beams
Instrumentation - 12 Optical Strands - 2 inclinometers - 1 V5 Station
Results Loads brought by the metallic structure give deformations in line with calculations
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Context A new building is being built in this lot. The construction work include sheet piling along partition walls and excavations. Partition walls are reinforced by metallic truss beams and props.
Structure 6 storey building Over 55 years old
Risks Client wish to make sure the safety level of the building during construction work.
Instrumentation - 10 LIRIS Autonomous Optical Strands
Results Static and dynamic deformations show stability for one partition wall. The LIRIS on the other wall. On the street side, records compression, which are countered by injections and transverse beams.
NEIGHBOURING WORKS: EXCAVATIONS
AGED BUILDING, HONG KONG
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NEIGHBOURING WORKS: TUNNEL
AREVA HIGH RISE BUILDING, PARIS
Context Construction of a new metro line Construction of a new building Renovation works
Structure Built in en 1974 Height: 184 m. 44 stories
Risks Effects of these works on the structural behaviour of the tower
Instrumentation - 13 LIRIS Autonomous Optical Strands
Results Preventive maintenance Confirmation at all time of the good structural health
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RESTRUCTURATION WORKS:
SAINT-LAZARE STATION, PARIS
Context Heavy restructuration works in the train station, which remains open to the public (500 000 users / day)
Structure 300-m long public lobby, in masonry. Historical Monument.
Risks Fissuration of the superstructure
Instrumentation - 43 Optical Strands - 2 accelerometers - 3 soundmeters - 1 Monitoring Station
Results Construction project without delay, and without risks to the public
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Context The Promenade is not accessible for vehicles, besides service circumstances, but is very much concentrated by pedestrians. It is also strongly strained by storm hulls. Beams are in a really bad state: Corrosion, concrete spalling, etc.
Structure Promenade built in 1982, serving as a touristic pedestrian avenue along the sea. 30 spans of 25 meter long. Deck supported by 4 PC concrete beams.
Risks The client wishes to evaluate the criticality state of observed damages, in order to foresee well-targeted and well-localized reparations.
Instrumentation - 4 Optical Strand sensor - 1 Monitoring Station - 4 temperature sensor
Results Static and dynamic loading tests have been operated, and were used to correlate deformations with specific loading cases. Kalmaegi Typhoon (Wind gust speed: 140 km/h) has come close to Hong Kong. It caused dynamic deformations, with amplitude of 0,100 mm and lightly irreversible.
RESTRUCTURATION WORKS: PROMENADE, AVENUE OF STARS, HONG KONG
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DAMAGES OF KNOWN CAUSES:
IN HOLLAND UNIVERSITY
Context Numerous damages, noticeably on expansion joints. Cause: Differential settlements
Structure Recent university. Metallic superstructure. RC infrastructure.
Risks Increase of damages, closure to students
Instrumentation 4 Optical Strands 4 Optical Extensometers
Results Control of the damage evolution. Design of repairing works in case of aggravation
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DAMAGES CAUSED BY DISASTER:
NEW YORK SEPTEMER 11 (911)
Context Commercial building wiped off the facade by attack
Structure RC structure
Risks Collapse
Instrumentation 20 Optical Strands
Results No need of demolish and repair Work was successful
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DAMAGES CAUSED BY FIRE:
CANEBIERE BUILDING, MARSEILLES
Context Commercial building totally damaged by a fire
Structure
RC structure. Used to be a cinema
Risks Collapse on technical team, coming for cleaning the site, and installing propping
Instrumentation 3 Optical Strands 1 inclinometer
Results Modification of work intervention for demolitions Safety for all teams on site
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CONTROLLED DEMOLISH CONGESTING AGED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING, HONG KONG
Context Building is planned to demolish next to an aged residential building
Structure 4 storey building Over 40 years old
Risks Client wish to make sure the safety level of the building during demolition work.
Instrumentation - 3 Optical Strands - 1 V5 monitoring station - 1 Temperature sensor - 1 Vibration sensor
Results Client received a confirmation of the structure’s initial soundness through precise and reliable data.
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NEIGHBORING WORKS NEXT TO AGED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING,
HONG KONG
Context Adjacent buildings have been taken down and the building is standing alone, losing the structural support from adjacent buildings
Structure 5 storey building Over 30 years old
Risks Client wish to make sure the safety level of the building during adjacent construction work.
Instrumentation - 1 Optical Strands - 1 V5 monitoring station - 1 Temperature sensor - 1 Vibration sensor - 1 inclinometer - 1 Autonome LIRIS
Results 24/7 online real-time monitoring of this aged building assured the client that structure is safe , and the nearby demolition work has not given rise to any serious problem
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LOADING VERIFICATION / PROLONGING & SURING OF
CANTILEVER STRUCTURE BEHAVIOUR, HONG KONG
Context The cantilever structure showed signs of aging on the surface, with steel corrosion in particular.
Structure 2 blocks, 24 storey building & 21 stories each Over 40 years old
Risks The client concerned the cantilever structure stability and residence safety. They hope OSMOS could evaluate the condition of the ring cantilever corridor on each floor and point out the unstable one if there is any for further maintenance operation.
Instrumentation - 1 v5 monitoring station - 4 Optical Strand sensor - 1 LIRIS - 1 temperature sensor
Results load test shows stable and reversible behaviour on the cantilever. The deformation recorded also showed compression above the cantilever, and tension under, which indicates the bearing RC walls separating apartments also support the cantilevered slabs. This will explain the deformations recorded by the Optical Strands installed diagonally.
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30M HEIGHT POWER PLANT
CAPACITY VERIFYING - 3.2 TON, HONG KONG
Context H beam swinging / twisting and platform shaking were found during crane daily operation.
Structure 3 individual steel crane systems on H beams on a steel structure tower over 30 years old, which is non-destructible with access difficulties and risk
Risks Client hope to find the movement is due to H beam aging, over loaded or other reason like load oscillation, environment, as well as the main structures
Instrumentation - 1 LIRIS
Results Client could get reliable true data from LIRIS that represent global behaviour of the structure with cost-effective solution. Also easy management decision could be made by client based on the data and more focusing on the later on primary structure checking up.
WE FOCUS ON EARLY INFORMATON
STRESS VARIATION EARLY INFORMATION
Before Event,
During Event,
After Event,
FULL Evolution &
ANTICIPATION POSSIBLE !!!
MOVEMENT STRESS IS EXCEEDED,
COULD BE TOO LATE……
DEFORMATION IT IS MOVED, AND FAILED ALREADY.
WHAT THEN? 59
BENEFITS OF MONITORING BUILDINGS
Detects disorders at their birth Better used resources
Allows for corrective actions at
low price
No more emergency situation
constraints
Extends structure lifespan Managers comforted in their risk
policies
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FULLY AUTONOMOUS & WIRELESS
OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR
LIRIS ®
LIVE INDEPENDENT REMOTE INQUIRY SYSTEM
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Chapter_SSF_2016_Chapter 3-3 Transcription_ Simplified Chinese
萤幕盖字:
现在放映的是 2016 年 7 月 14 日
「2016 年工程和物业管理工地安全研讨会」的片段
台上的讲者是高维企业亚太区域经理简智良先生
他的讲题是「应用建筑科技控制风险源头」
主持:
今日的主题是
如何利用建筑技术
达到控制源头及工地的建筑风险
首先,我们已使用多年的预制方法
不单止可以减少钻孔、
烧焊等带来的危害
例如震动、嘈音、灰尘
火种、空气污染等等
要加以注意的是
预制方法其实亦有它的潜在风险
例如钢筋外露
变形、生锈、运输等等的问题
我们的设计可以用在各种地方
例如高处的地方
相对地安装简单及快捷
而预制技术亦证明可以从源头
带来安全、成本
及管理的效益
再加上预制的技术
可以抵受不同地方的荷载状况,例如在地震的区域
和有动态台风的区域都可使用
对于防御高温、火灾亦有很好的抵抗能力
有某些混凝土结构老化爆裂问题
预制比一般的连接方法更加安全
工友亦不用辛苦地在高空钻孔,即可以连接
亦可以安装临时的安全护栏
整洁安全
一些高空使用的案例有
购物商场、商厦、政府及公共的设施
设计方面
预制组件已经有完善的标准系统
例如外墙的安装预制件
有预制的外墙承托结构件
设计已经相当成熟
就算是室内结构
例如隔音楼梯和楼板
亦有创新的方法可以隐藏钢筋
或者解决一些吊装的困难
反之一些外露的钢筋令模板需要钻孔
工作亦都繁琐
洽当的方案可以减少施工的意外
检测亦都安全和容易
它可以内置更多的
例如隔热效能,防火的效能
或者建造一些称为「柱子群」的方法
亦有以上所说的好处
近年其实已经用在很多急速发展的地方
例如公屋的预制项目上
而我们的吊运配件安全系数不少于 4
选用材质方面亦都比较严苛
所以一直以来对风险都是零容忍
它没有触电、震动、灰尘
嘈音、污染等等这些问题
其实安全可以在设计方案上做起
一些完善的设计和施工方法
不单止可以减少流程
还可彻底改善工地环境和施工安全
第一部份到这里
而第二部份我会介绍一种有效的仪器
可以帮助用户预测结构的风险
提升风险管理
利用科技将「不确定」变为「可以预测」
意外虽然不断发生
但其实我们可以从源头开始去避免
一种理想的监测系统
可以提早预知风险
让我们可以作出戒备,远离风险
量化实时性及永久性的安全评估
其实我们对身边的建筑安全潜在风险
有多少理解及把握呢?
例如一些看似不危急
而实际建筑周期有多久
或一些复杂却不明的结构变化
邻近的地基施工之间的影响
加上地底施工对地面工程的影响
或是属于古迹的结构物、或者是变更用途的地方
或新设计等等、再或者是有危急性的
或者是灾难性的,例如火灾导致的结构问题
楼宇结构老化的问题
不知什么时候会恶化的沉降问题
公屋老化问题
或者有迫切性要找出结构负荷的原因
我们 Osmos 其实是利用与时并进的光纤技术
将结构还未测量出有移动变化之前
已经量度好力学的变化
因为我们的目标是要将移动的对象
在未发生变化前的参数
要预早预知出来
它并不代表结构是否安全
我们要利用科学量化风险
确切保障生命和结构的安全
提升物业的周期及成本效益是我们目标
下面我们播放片段
已经投入服务的
全天候自动无线光纤感应装置 LIRIS (Life Independent Remote Inquiry System)
已经开始为大家服务
请放映片段
萤幕盖字:
(OSMOS 结构的综合安全性)
(为未来提供真正的衡量标准) LIRIS by OSMOS
(灵活,易于使用)
(容易安装和使用)
(综合监测小型车站)
(无线技术)
(全独立)
(不依赖场地的电力)
(LIRIS 革命性的结构监测)