german national energy concept 2010

Tapfheim, Germany (770 kW); Gehrlicher Solar AG

German National Energy Concept 2010German National Energy Concept 2010 Background

Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 [email protected]

German National Energy Concept 2010

• By November, 2010 ‐ Germany will adopt a comprehensive, long term energy plan for 2010 ‐ 2050.

• An interim report will be adopted by the German Ministry for Economy and the German Ministry for the Environment by May 15, 2010.

• Plans to develop the concept were announced in December 2005 but efforts by• Plans to develop the concept were announced in December 2005, but efforts by the Chancellor and Cabinet to complete one by 2007 failed.

• In October 2009 the new CDU/FDP coalition announced their desire for a new energy concept „free of ideology, open to technology and market oriented“.

• A key goal will be to promote national consensus on contentious energy issues: End date for nuclear energy, deployment of renewable energies, electric grid.End date for nuclear energy, deployment of renewable energies, electric grid.

2Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 [email protected]

National Energy Concept ‐ Background

• First Comprehensive Energy Concept since 1981.

• Will provide a climate‐protection and energy policy perspective to 2050.p o de a c ate p otect o a d e e gy po cy pe spect e to 050

• Will include four ‚goal oriented scenarios → Extension of nuclear run‐times of 4, 8, 12 and 28 years.

• Will evaluate and modify the Integrated Climate and Energy Program of 2007.

• Will be based upon binding EU directives for renewable energy (REPAP ‐ 18%).

• All affected ministries will provide input thorugh a strategic group.

• Initial report will be discussed in a hearing with legislative groups, federal states and unions.


Source: Presentation by Franzjosef Schafhausen , Head of Climate Division, German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear SafetyBerlin, presented at the Forum for Future Energy January 10, 2010. http://www.zukunftsenergien.de/hp2/downloads/vortraege/schafhausen‐kopenhagenII.pdf

Key Players in the National Energy Concept

• The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Security (BMU) will work with the Ministry for Economy and Technlogy ( i) d f h C(BMWi)to draft the Energy Concept.

• Energiewirtschaftliches Institut der Universität Köln (EWI), Prognos‐Institut and Gesellschaft für Wirtschaftliche Strukturforschung (GWS) will draft four g ( )‚energy scenarios‘ based on extended run‐times of 4, 12, 20, and 28 years for nuclear energy. These will be integrated in the concept.

• A Ressort Group of all affected ministries (BMWi BMU BMBF AA BMI etc) will• A Ressort Group of all affected ministries (BMWi, BMU, BMBF, AA, BMI etc) will provide input into the process.

• Hearings involving Legislative Groups, the Länder, and Unions will follow the ( h b h ) f hinterim report (Zwischenbericht) after June 15th.


Other voices in the National Energy Concept Debate

• A Forum for the Integration of Renewable Energy, which brings together NGOs and business interests is engaged and provides input to the BMU in the process.

• German Renewable Energy Association (BEE) drafted proposal for EU REPAP.

• Greenpeace offered its own concept with a clear end to nuclear power by 2030.

• Fraunhofer Society pubslished study of possible system conflicts between renewables and baseload energy producers.

• DUH has drafted a statement criticizing the presumptions of the Energy• DUH has drafted a statement criticizing the presumptions of the Energy Scenarios as a justification for a nuclear extension and not economically or environmentally feasible. Pressekonferenz May 5, 2010.

CSU B i h d ft d it E C t f i t i f• CSU, Bavaria has drafted its own Energy Concept focussing on extension of nuclear and calling for price‐cutting measures.


National Energy Concept ‐ Timeline

Sept 2009

Federal

Elections

ConceptFormulated byBMU, BMWi and

Consultant

Open hearings withFederal States, Unions andParliament

CDU/SPD Government Begins Process; ThreeEnergy Summits; Integrated Climate and Energy

Program

BMU Formulates EU Renewable Energy Policy

Action Plan

Dec 2005 April 2006 Oct 2006 July 2007 Oct 2009 June 30 2010Mid June 2010 Oct 2010

Merkel AnnouncesNeed for Energy

Concept

Lack of comprehensive

Three EnergySummits are Held

First Energy Summit:

New CoalitionGovernment

Coalition Agreement

REPAP Report Due

In accordance with EU

Final Energy ConceptApdopted.

By October 2010 a final

Intermediate Report on Energy Concept.

The EnvironmentalLack of comprehensive, long‐term concept since1981.New issues :•Energy dependence•Need for diversification•Climate Change•Renewable energy.

First Energy Summit: •Core issues discussed•Working groupsformedSecond Energy Summit:•Reports issued on Research and Efficiency, National Issues,

gcalls for a new National Energy Concept „free of ideology, open to technology and market oriented“. A review of the Integrated Climate and Energy Policy,

Renewable EnergySources Directive, Germany must outline a Renewable EnergyPolicy Action Plan toachieve 18% RenewableEnergy by 2020. The

By October 2010 a final energy concept will beadopted. This conceptwill be based on goal‐oreinted scenarios andwill provide a climateand energy perspectiveto 2050. Speicific

The Environmental Ministry and EconomicMinistry will issue an intermediate report on the Energy Concept. Open hearings with thefederal states, parliament and unionsRenewable energy.

•Need for consensus on nuclear energy.

National Issues, International ContextThird Energy Summit:•Leads to Integrated Climate and EnergyProgramm (IKEP)

gy y,adjustments to the EEG, improvements in infrastructure , new research areas and an energy foreign policy are outlined.

gy yreport will provide a building block for theNational EnergyConcept.

to 2050. Speicificpolicies related toinfrastructure, research, incentive programs andforeign policy will beoutlined.

parliament and unionswill be held to reviewthe progress and tomake adjustments.

6

National Energy Concept – Likely Proposals

• Nuclear energy as a ‚bridging technology‘ with no new construction of plants. Extension of ‘Atomaustieg’ to extend runtimes of plants (4‐28 year extension).

• Further deployment of renewable energy.

• Extension of efficiency measures.

• Construction of high‐efficiency coal plants and use of CCS.

• Renovation and extension of energy infrastructure (electricity, pipelines, carbon transport storage distribution points etc) to increase system flexibilitytransport, storage, distribution points etc) to increase system flexibility.

• Plans for new transport technologies and infrastructure.

• Expansion of international efforts (DESERTEC, US‐German Cooperation, p ( , p ,UNFCCC, EU, Joint Projects).


Source: Presentation by Franzjosef Schafhausen , Head of Climate Division, German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear SafetyBerlin, presented at the Forum for Future Energy January 10, 2010. http://www.zukunftsenergien.de/hp2/downloads/vortraege/schafhausen‐kopenhagenII.pdf

CDU/FDP Coalition Agreement ‐ Energy Goals

• Renewable energies should make up the main part of Germany’s energy supply.

• Use of nuclear energy as bridging technology until reliably replaced by Use o uc ea e e gy as b dg g tec o ogy u t e ab y ep aced byrenewables.

• Finance expansion of renewable energies according to the Renewable Energies Act and retain unlimited feed in priorityAct and retain unlimited feed‐in priority.

• Develop new energy research program focusing on energy efficiency, storage, smart grid and second generation biofuels.

• Make Germany a “lead market” in electric mobility.

• Invest in and modernize electric grid for better interlinking and cross border t ftransfer.

• Develop strategy for power union with North Africa for solar and wind energy.

• Promote establishment of the IRENA Technology and Innovation Center in Bonn• Promote establishment of the IRENA Technology and Innovation Center in Bonn.

• Develop 'energy foreign policy' and diversify energy supply and transport sources.


Source: CDU/FDP Coalition Agreement "Growth. Education. Unity" http://www.cdu.de/en/doc/091215‐koalitionsvertrag‐2009‐2013‐englisch.pdf

National Energy Research Priorites

• Improved control of flexible, intelligent, low‐loss electricity network w/ storage.

• Nuclear technology ‐ nuclear security and long‐term waste storage. uc ea tec o ogy uc ea secu ty a d o g te aste sto age

• Electric mobility‐ advanced batteries, integration of electric transport into network and transition from carbon‐based to e‐automobiles.

• Planning of improved national and international electricity network for better incorporation of renewable sources (i.e. PV).

• Investment into more efficient and cost‐effective electric storage technologies• Investment into more efficient and cost effective electric storage technologies.

• Pursuit of cost‐reducing innovations, such as PV absorber materials (CdTe).

• Increase transparency of PV electrodes (i.e. Indium tin dioxide).p y ( )


Source: Concept for and Integrated Energy Research Program for Germany, German Academy of Sciences:http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Projekte/Laufende_Projekte/Konzept_fuer_ein_integriertes_Energief

orschungsprogramm.pdf

EU Issues Impacting the Energy Concept

• In March 2007, the EU Council adopted a binding target to source 20% of the EU's overall energy from renewables by 2020.

• Germany will be required to source 18% of its energy from renewables by 2020.

• By June 2010, EU member states must draft National Renewable Energy Action Plans.

h l k h d b d bl f d• The EU electricity market is hampered by a grid incapable of EU‐wide transmission.

• In June 2009, the EU adopted a directive on the internal market liberalization in electricity to remove barriers to renewable electricity's access to the grid.

• The Mediterranean Solar Plan aims to harness significant solar and wind potentials in N. Africa through a multinational partnership program.

C t EU E C i i Gü th O tti i G• Current EU Energy Commissioner, Günther Oettinger, is German.


Source: Euractive.com EU Renewable Energy Policy http://www.euractiv.com/en/energy/eu‐renewable‐energy‐policy/article‐117536

Basis of Scenarios: 2009 BMU Report


Key Issue – Extension for Nuclear Power

Previous scenarios will likelychange to include extensions ofchange to include extensions ofnuclear energy beyond 2022


Source: „Langfristszenarien und Strategien für den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland“, BMU, August 2009

Political Positions

Joachim Pfeiffer, CDU – “It is my opinion that we should keep our nuclear reactors in operation longer. That is, according to the normal lifespan f 60 h i i 32 di lof 60 years. At the moment, we anticipate 32 years. Accordingly, we

could produce 60 to 70 percent of the electricity in Germany carbon‐free in 2020, that is 30 percent nuclear and 35 percent renewable

“energy.“ (http://www.taz.de/zeitung/genossenschaft/atomkraft/ )

Norbert Röttgen, CDU – “Nuclear energy has not had sufficient public support… It would be dishonest to promise cheap energy, if we extend the lifespan of nuclear in order to invest a substantial amount of the extra profits in renewable energy." (http://www.tagesschau.de/inland/atomausstieg112.html)

Rainer Brüderle, FDP – “The plan to import 25 percent of Europe‘s electricity needs from North Africa by 2050 should be incorporated i t th ti l t “into the national energy concept.“ (http://www.zeit.de/newsticker/2010/3/8/iptc‐bdt‐20100308‐605‐24151612xml)


Political Positions

Thomas Bareiß, CDU – “With arguments such as lower electricity prices security of supply, it’s easy to be convinced of the argument for a li i d i f h lif f l l “limited extension of the lifespan of nuclear plants.“ http://www.cdu‐fuchs.de/presse/detailansicht/datum/2010/januar/28/artikel/union‐geht‐roettgens‐solarkuerzung‐nicht‐weit‐genug.html

Michael Kauch, FDP – “In the long run, I stand for the use of renewable energy sources only. But in the near term, we need an energy mix from renewables, climate friendlier coal power with CO2 capture and nuclear as a interim technology.“ http://www.michael‐kauch.de/kauchs‐themen/umweltenergie.html

R i B k DUH “Th t i id ith t lRainer Baake, DUH ‐ “The energy concept remains an idea without value if it does not take into account the system conflict between renewablesand classic power plants. The way into a renewable future must be concretely and comprehensively described in the governmentconcretely and comprehensively described in the government concept.“ http://www.duh.de/pressemitteilung.html?&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2207


Political Positions

CSU Energy Concept ‐ “Nuclear energy is a bridging technology, with which can not be dispensed of in the next two years. Nuclear energy, which

d 60% f h d f i b l dcovers around 60% of the power needs of Bavaria, can not be replaced in the foreseable future by reneable energy.“ http://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/kernkraft‐csu‐prescht‐mit‐energiekonzept‐voran;2561203

Martin Zeil CSU (Bavaria) “With the Energy Concept the federalMartin Zeil, CSU (Bavaria) ‐ “With the Energy Concept, the federal government must decisively acheive the poltical conditions for the needed investments in power plants, grids, and on‐site energy storage. Precisely for these reasons the current FIT reforms which are lockingPrecisely for these reasons, the current FIT reforms, which are locking comparatively cheap power stations such as ground mounted solar, out of higher compensation rates, must be reconsidered.“ http://www.stmwivt.bayern.de/presseinfo/pressearchiv/2010/04/pm138.html


Political Positions

• German Environmental Aid (DUH) „The Energy Concept will be a ‘twiddle‐the‐thumbs‐scenario’ by which everything that has been hi d b h i d i i i i f h i i dachieved by the previous administration in terms of the atomic exit and

economic wins will be undone. More importantly, the outcome is now clear and purely serves the political interests of the coalition partners to bl t i f l ti f d bi ibless an extension of nuclear run‐times for dubious economic reasons.


Industry and NGO Positions:


Key Issues

• Impact of nuclear extension on investment in renewable (near‐long term)

• Possible “system conflict” between base‐load and variable energy sourcesoss b e syste co ct bet ee base oad a d a ab e e e gy sou ces

• Investment and management of smart‐grid system

• Investment and incentives for storage and combined power plants

• Impact of “Energy Foreign Policy” on EU and international market (DESERTEC).

• Cross‐border transfers of electricity
