Gerard Jagers op Akkerhuis

The operator hierarchya chain of closures linking matter, life and artificial intelligence

a periodical system for evolution

What is the problem?

Ongoing scientific specialization

Compartmentation of sciences causes problems with the interdisciplinary communication

Why is this a problem?

Can this problem be solved?

Integrating theory for organization

But do we not already have such a theory?…

We already have the well-known “general system hierarchy”

Three types of ranking are mixed

Organelles

Organs

Tissues

Organ systems

Complex molecules

Population

Biosphere

Ecosystem

Community

Molecules

Atoms

Cells

Organisms

Fundamental particles

Cells with nucleus

Multicellulars

?

Biosphere

Ecosystem

Community

Organ systems

Population

(Organisms)

Organelles

Organs

Tissues

Complex molecules

Molecules

Atoms

Cells

Fundamental particles

What is typical about its logic….?

•internal differentiation

•Interactions (abstract “levels”)

•Particles and organisms of different complexity levels

Par

t of

Con

trib

utin

g to

More complex organism

What is ‘complex’?

Deliberate application of the three types of complexity ranking (= dimensions for hierarchy)

Can things be organized differently?

Dimension 2: internal differentiation

Dimension 1: ‘particles’

Dimension 3: interaction systems

Complexity is determined by ‘closure’:

cyclic process >

cyclic shape >

•means rounding off or containing

•distinguishes a particle from its environment (Heylighen)

Closure as the operator hierarchy uses it, is caused by:

a new cyclic shape and a new cyclic process, which together create the first-next level of selforganization

For example:

}

Thus: with the aid of closure one can organize particles and organisms in a ‘hierarchy of operators’

How many operators do exist?

Continuation…. with focus on the operators

Dimension 2: internal differentiation

Dimension 1: ‘particles’

Dimension 3: interaction systems

closure closureclosure

Lower levels canbe added

next operator next operator

interfacehypercyclemulti-particleHMISCISAE

closure dimensions

clo

sure levels

particles

quark-gluon interaction

hadron

atom

cell

memon

atom nucleus

confinement

electron shell

euk. multicell. neuron cycle

sensors

cell membrane

autocatalysis

molecule

eukaryote cell

predictions

multicellular

The operator hierarchy

Mind that grey bars represent intermediate

system states required to create the operators

The operator hierarchyInteresting discovery, but what is it good for?Examples of applications….

- Not relevant: Metabolism

- Not relevant: Reproduction

+ Organisation and hierarchy

Application 1: Life (not ‘living’!) = all operators from the level of the cell and up

- Not only relevant: First cell

+ Operators

More information about the operator based definition of life: page 122 of my thesis:

http://dare.ubn.kun.nl/dspace/bitstream/2066/82605/1/82605

multicellulars

Application 2: an additional levelin the ‘tree of life’

Memons

unicellular eukaryotes

prokaryotes

More information on this subject on page 100 of my thesis: http://dare.ubn.kun.nl/dspace/bitstream/2066/82605/1/82605

Application 3: The future of evolution

More information about future operators: page 78 of my thesis:http://dare.ubn.kun.nl/dspace/bitstream/2066/82605/1/82605

As soon as we provide these things, which we regard as

“machines”, with the appropriate neural structure,

they will fit to the operator hierarchy and be life

Summary:

Life

Memon

Future

In other words…

Closure

Three dimensions for hierarchy

Operator hierarchy

Thank you for your attentionGerard Jagers op Akkerhuis

gerard.jagers@wur.nl and www.hypercycle.nl

The operator hierarchya chain of closures linking matter, life and artificial intelligence

a periodical system for evolution