closures ppt
DESCRIPTION
about types of closures used for packaging and labelling of dosage formsTRANSCRIPT
LABELLING AND PACKAGING OF DOSAGE FORMS
TYPES OF CLOSURES USED FOR PACKAGING OF DOSAGE
FORMS
TYPES OF CLOSURES USED IN PACKAGING OF PHARMACEUTICALS
closures are devices and techniques used to close or seal a bottle, jug, jar, tube, can, etc. Closures can be a cap, cover, lid, plug, etc.
closures tightly packs the container to exclude oxygen,carbondioxide,moisture , microorganisms ,prevents the loss of water and other volatile substances from the product
Purpose of closures : Many containers and packages require a means of closing.
It can be a separate device or seal or sometimes a integral latch or lock. Depending on the contents and container, closures have several functions:
Keep the container closed and the contents contained for the specified shelf life until time of opening
Provide a barrier to dirt, oxygen, moisture, etc. Control of permeation is critical to many types of products: foods, chemicals, etc.
Keep the product secure from undesired premature opening Provide a means of reclosing or reusing the container Assist in dispensing and use of product Allow reasonable ease to open the container by the
intended user. Difficult to open containers may cause wrap rage. The force or torque required to open a closure is an important consideration for packaging engineers
Many types of packaging with their closures are regulated for strength, safety, security, communication, recycling, and environmental requirements.
Types of closures (a)RUBBER CLOSURES (b)CAPS & OVERSEALS screw cap crown cap Snap on Friction fit (c)SPECIAL TYPES Tamper-evident Dispensing Child-resistant
RUBBER CLOSURES
Rubber consists of several ingredients,one of them is elastomer.rubber compounds used in pharmaceutical packaging contain only limited number of ingredients,which are difficult to extract.these closures do not pose a problem and can used in contact with large number of drug preparations.
Rubber closures for containers for aqueous parenteral preparations have been classified into 2 types,according toB.P.Type I are to be preferred:Type II closures are those,which have mechanical properties suitable for special use,cannot meet the requirements as severs as those for the 1st category because of the chemical composition.
Fragmentation test and self sealability of closures of parenteral preparation is given by…..
FRAGMENTATION TEST (IP 1996) FOR RUBBER CLOSURES
Place a volume of water corresponding to nominal volume minus 4ml in each of 12 clean vials
Close vial with closure and secure caps for 16hours
Pierce the closures with 21 SWG hypodermic needle and inject 1ml water and remove 1ml air
Repeat the above operation 4times for each closure Count the number of fragments visible to the naked eye
Total number of fragments should not be more than 10 except butyl rubber where the fragment should not exceed 15
Vials
SELF SEALABILITY (IP 1996) TEST FOR RUBBER CLOSURES APPLICABLE TO MULTIDOSE CONTAINERS ONLY
Fill 10 vials with water to nominal volume and close the vials with closure,secure the cap
Pierce the cap 10times at different sites with 21SWG hypodermic needle
Immerse the vials in 0.1%w/v solution of methylene blue under reduced external pressure for 10min
Restore the normal pressure and keep the container immersed for 30minutes
Wash the vials.None of the vials should contain trace of
coloured solution
CAPS AND OVERSEALS : These are used to secure the rubber closure to the container
in order to maintain the integrity of the seal under normal conditions of handling and storage.It includes:
Screw capA screw cap or closure is a common type of closure for
bottles, jars, and tubes
Common screw closures: Plastic bottle with plastic screw cap,
Dispensing closure for salad dressing (with inner seal), Break-away closure for syrup, Dispensing pump closure, Dispensing closure (with inner seal), Spray pump, Metal closure on glass jar, Child resistant closure, Cap on toothpaste, Measuring cap
A "sports cap", which appears on many water bottles, seen in closed configuration at left an in open configuration at right, availing the water to pass around the central blue piece.
Usage A screw closure is a mechanical device which is screwed on
and off of a "finish" on a container. Either continuous threads or lugs are used. It must be engineered to be cost-effective, to provide an effective seal (and barrier), to be compatible with the contents, to be easily opened by the consumer, often to be reclosable, and to comply with product, package, and environmental laws and regulations. Some closures need to be tamper resistant and have
child-resistant packaging features.
Crown cap
Crown capsMain article: Bottle cap
Beverage bottles are frequently closed with crown beverage caps. These are shallow metal caps that are crimped into locking position around the head of the bottle.
Bottle capFor the Nestlé candy, see Bottle Caps (candy).
A generic 21-teeth crown cork bottle cap
Bottle caps are a type of closure used to seal the openings of bottles of many types. They can be small circular pieces of metal, usually steel with plastic backings, and for plastic bottles a plastic cap is used instead. A bottle cap is typically colorfully decorated with the logo of the brand of beverage. Caps can also be plastic, sometimes with a pour spout. Flip-Top caps like Flapper closures provide controlled dispensing of dry products
Other types
pull-off bottle cap
plastic bottle screw cap used to seal a plastic bottle
Bottle closure
Snap on
Friction fit
Some closures snap on . For opening , the top is designed to pry off, or break off, or have a built in dispenser
Some containers have a loose lid for a closure. Laboratory glassware often has ground glass joints that allow the pieces to be fitted together easily.
An Interference fit or friction fit requires some force to close and open, providing additional security. Paint cans often have a friction fit plug.
Special types of clousresTamper evident
Layers of tamper resistance: carton with adhesive, shrink band, cap, innersealMain article: Tamper resistantMain article: Tamper-evident
Resistance to tampering is required for some types of products. Container closures can be one of several layers of packaging to deter tampering and to provide evidence of attempts at tampering.Various types of tamper evident packagings are listed.They are-
Film wrappers breakable cap ring systems
Blister packs sealed tubes Bubble packs plastic blind end
sealed tubes Heat shrunk bands or wrappers sealed cartons Paper foil for plastic packs aerosol containers,and Bottle with inner mouth seals metal and composite
cans Tape sealsDispensing A wide variety of convenience dispensing features can be built in to
closures. Spray bottles and cans with aerosol spray have special closure requirements. Pour spouts, measuring attachments, sifting devices, etc. are common.
Child-resistantMain article: Child-resistant packagingChild-resistant packaging or C-R packaging has special closures designed to reduce the risk of children ingesting dangerous items. This is often accomplished by the use of a special safety cap. It is required by regulation for prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, pesticides, and household chemicals.
Examples . spray bottle
coffee tin – square can with friction fit closure
rubber stoppers on flasks
spray duster with long tube for dispensing
Closure and roll-on device for deoderant
Inverted catsup bottle with innerseal and dispensing
closure
Bottle of Geritol with a child resistant cap
References REFERENCE : http://www.google.co.in/search?tbm=isch&h
l=en&source=hp&biw=1440&bih=809&q=dispensing+cap&gbv=2&oq=dispensing+&aq=7&aqi=g10&aql=undefined&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=4580l14749l0l18l18l7l1l1l0l416l2612l2-3.4.1l8
http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=RUBBER+CLOSURES&oq=RUBBER+CLOSURES&aq=f&aqi=g1&aql=undefined&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=898013l906085l0l28l17l0l5l5l0l460l2693l2-1.2.4l7
http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=VIALS&oq=VIALS&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=undefined&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=14585l17901l0l19l9l0l0l0l0l607l1864l3-1.2.1l5
http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=dispensing+cap&oq=dispensing&aq=8&aqi=g10&aql=undefined&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=19301l24985l0l14l12l0l1l1l0l1050l3752l2-1.3.2.1.0.1l9
http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=tamper+evident+cap&oq=tamper+evident+&aq=5&aqi=g8&aql=undefined&gs_sm=c&gs_upl=5511l6246l0l5l5l0l0l0l0l957l957l6-1l1
http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=child+resistant+closures&oq=child+resistant&aq=1&aqi=g3&aql=undefined&gs_sm=c&gs_upl=8967l15095l0l32l18l0l3l3l0l425l2304l0.1.2.2.2l9
http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=friction+fit+closures&oq=friction+fit+closures&aq=f&aqi=&aql=undefined&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=7708l10147l0l9l9l0l7l0l1l531l865l3-1.0.1l2
http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=snap+on+closures&oq=snap+on+closures&aq=f&aqi=&aql=undefined&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=29570l50689l0l36l21l0l7l7l0l460l2750l2-1.2.4l9
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure_(container)
U.K. JAIN,D.C .GOUPALE,S.NAYAK-PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY