GEOTECHNICALGEOTECHNICALENGINEERINGENGINEERING

P N DE N G I N E E R SN G I N E E R S, , I NC.C.

PND provides an AASHTO-ASTM Accredited Soils-Material Lab characterize soil and rock in suport of our designs. The Soils-

Material Lab also includes a 230-square-foot temperature-controlled “Cold Room” for processing and tes ng

permafrost soils at in-situ Arc c temperatures. The lab is equipped to perform a full range of index tests and many

advanced secondary tes ng protocols. PND’s Soils-Material Lab supports our geotechnical design

work; therefore the importance of high-quality work is understood by those involved in both the sampling

and tes ng processes. PND prides itself on drilling methods, together with our drilling partners, to

extract the highest quality samples possible.

The lab rou nely performs the following ASTM and non-ASTM index tests:• • Sieve Analysis w/ Wash• • Hydrometer• • Specific Gravity• • Moisture Content• • Visual Classifica on• • A erberg Limits• • Unit Weight• • Modified Proctor• • Point Load Tests on Rock• • Soil Salinity• • Soil Thermal Conduc vity• • Soil Electrical Resis vity

PND’S SOILS-MATERIAL LABORATORYPND’S SOILS-MATERIAL LABORATORY

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SECONDARY TESTING

PND’s Soils Lab is furnished with state-of-the-prac ce secondary tes ng equipment from Geocomp Corpora on. The lab can perform the following secondary tests: • • Consolida on with rebound and reload points • • Triaxial Tests > Unconsolidated-Undrained > Consolidated Drained > Consolidated Undrained with pore pressure > Cyclic triaxial and liquefac on characteriza on > Isotropic, Anistropic, and k0 Consolida on > Back-pressure satura on > Permeability > Large Scale Tes ng (6-inch dia. X 12-foot height) > Large Scale Cyclic Tes ng (including densified gravels) • • Thaw Se lement • • Thaw Consolida on • • Frozen Soil Creep Tes ng

IN-SITU TESTING

PND personnel are factory trained to perform Pile Driving Analysis (PDA) with the Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP). The PDA technology is the most widely employed system for Dynamic Load Tes ng and Pile Driving Monitoring in the world. The High Strain Dynamic Load Tests assess the capacity, integrity, and driving stresses during the installa on of driven piles.Our trained geotechnical engineering and tes ng staff is also capable of performing the following: • • Cone Penetrometer Tests • • Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Tests • • Down-Hole Vane Shear Tests • • GPR and ERT Surveys • • Subsurface Ground Temperature Profiling

PND supports state-of-the-prac ce Finite Element Method so ware for both geotechnical performance analyses and frozen ground thermal analyses:PLAXIS finite element geotechnical analysis of deforma on and stability of soil structures. • • PLAXIS 2D • • PLAXIS 3D

Soilvision Systems, Ltd. finite element 3D SVHeat analysis of heat transfer in frozen soils including climate and thermosyphon input and analysis.

• • Geo Slope Interna onal, Ltd. GeoStudio suite including: > Slope/W > Seep/W > Sigma/W > Quake/W > Temp/W • • Rocscience Inc. (rock analysis): > Slide > Dips > Swedge • • Se le 3D • • Pile and Pile Drivability > Enso , Inc. LPile > Pile Dynamics, Inc. GRLWeap • • Bentley gINT > Lab Data Management > Repor ng and Graphic Borehole Logs • • Geoso Industries Target > 3D Subsurface Visualiza on > Subsurface Cross-Sec ons > Mine Development

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MODELING/SOFTWAREMODELING/SOFTWARE

PND can offer rock mass analysis and rock design to its clients. Rock engineering is fully supported by an in-house geologist. Geology support includes structural mapping, 3D subsurface modelling, field core logging, rock and mineral iden fica on, gravel/material studies and iden fica on, and geohazards evalua on. Engineering services include:

• • Oriented rock core logging; • • Discon nuity transects and analysis; • • Rock mass ra ng (RMR); • • Kinema c and stability analysis of rock mass; • • Stereonet characteriza on of rock trends; and • • Stereonet stability analysis.

ROCK DESIGN, MECHANICS, & BLASTINGROCK DESIGN, MECHANICS, & BLASTING

PND has provided engineering services for projects involving rock slope stability, rock bol ng, rock-socketed piles, founda ons on rock masses, tunnel RMR, and addit rehabilita on. PND can provide blas ng consulta on including blast design, assistance with scaled distance characteriza on, vibra on analysis, and neat line evalua on.

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GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATIONSGEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATIONS

PND was founded in Alaska; as such, our geotechnical engineers have been to the farthest extents of the state. Our work arena is typically remote and extreme, from unforgiving marine and offshore environments to the harsh cold and wind of the Arc c environment.PND is experienced with coordina ng and managing large field opera ons in both marine and arc c environments. PND geotechnical engineers have coordinated and par cipated in explora ons that have been advanced in marine, Arc c, and remote environments. They have experienced working on drilling pla orms that include floa ng river and sea ice, offshore jack-up rigs, and marine barges and landing cra .Arc c winter temperatures rou nely reach nega ve 40°F (-40°C), which combined with constant wind can bring wind chill temperatures below nega ve 80°F (-62.2°C).

Arc c cold reduces human efficiency, increases risk, impairs judgment, and can ul mately be life-threatening. Arc c cold also stresses equipment and machinery beyond its original designed capabili es. PND recognized these reali es and, together with their drilling partners, designed and constructed a mobile enclosed drilling sleigh that would fulfill the following criteria:•• Provide protec on to personnel from the environment — increasing safety and work performance

A light and very mobile drill enclosure that could be pulled by lighter, more efficient tractors. A structure that could bepulled across the tundra with no disturbance to underlying vegeta on, that could be transported over any terrainencountered, and provide safe transport over floa ng and grounded ice.

•• A structure that would provide secondary spill protec on.

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ICE ROAD EXPERIENCE, NORTH SLOPE, ALASKA

PND supplies support and exper se for ice road and ice pad design and construc on for several operators on the North Slope of Alaska. Ice road projects include the 54-mile ice road from the Endico Intersec on to ExxonMobil’s Point Thomson Project and the 16-mile ice road, which includes offshore ice road sec ons, in support of Caelus’ Nuna Development.

PND provides field route scou ng, alignment design, ice strength capaci es, construc on quality control/assurance, and development of ice road specifica ons. PND also provides thermal profiling of tundra for Alaska DNR early tundra access permits.

Thermal profiling is provided by satellite-accessed remote thermal sensor sta ons. Data is used by PND for tundra access as well as characteriza on of river thaw bulbs, and thermal finite element modeling. PND provides quality control/assurance in the form of low-tech hand augering to sample ice thickness and quality, to high-tech ground penetra ng radar (GPR) to characterize ice thickness, density, void regions, and general ice bridge and ice road quality.

ARCTIC GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Recent projects of note:ExxonMobil/AKLNG Material Source Explora on, Prudhoe Bay, North Slope, AK. Discovery and delinea on of a 5-million-cubic-yard high-quality gravel source. Advanced 2,300 feet of borehole. Tested 2,000 pounds of sample. Three-dimensional subsurface modelling of mine forma on.ExxonMobil Point Thomson Gas Expansion Project, Pt. Thomson, North Slope, AK. Material source explora on in conjunc on with geophysical methods subsurface characteriza on.Caelus Material Source Explora on, North Slope, AK. Material source explora on with three-dimensional subsurface modelling of mine forma on.ConocoPhillips Sharktooth DS-2 Drillsite, North Slope, AK. Geotechnical inves ga on to characterize soils for bridge founda on design, pipeline, and well conductor design. Installed thermistor wells, in-situ temperatures used for thermal modelling.Repsol Geotechnical Explora on, Colville River Delta, North Slope, AK. 10,000 feet of borehole advanced in winter season for bridge design, general characteriza on, and material explora on.Pioneer NUNA Geotechnical Inves ga on, North Slope, AK. Geotechnical inves ga on to characterize soils for pad and conductor design. Installed thermistor wells, in-situ temperatures used for thermal modelling.North Slope Borough Erosion Protec on Inves ga on, Barrow, AK. Geotechnical inves ga on to characterize soils for shoreline erosion control structures. Installed thermistor wells. In-situ temperatures used for thermal modelling.

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© Copyright 2015, PND Engineers, Inc.

Sea le Office

1734 Fourth Avenue S, Suite A

Sea le, Washington 98134

Phone: 206.624.1387

Juneau Office

9360 Glacier Hwy., Suite 100

Juneau, Alaska 99801

Phone: 907.586.2093

Anchorage Office

1506 West 36th Avenue

Anchorage, Alaska 99503

Phone: 907.561.1011

Houston Office

10497 Town and Country Way, Ste. 210

Houston, Texas 77024

Phone: 832.930.4830

PND Engineers Canada Inc.

Vancouver Office

Suite 2000, Oceanic Plaza

1066 West Has ngs Street

Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6E 3X2

Phone: 604.601.5247

Palmer Office

625 Cobb St., Suite 202

Palmer, Alaska 99645

Phone: 907.707.1081

Headquarters:

PP N DE N G I N E E R SN G I N E E R S, , I NC.C.

Visit us online at www.pndengineers.com.