GEORGIA HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION TEST

Social Studies

CIVICS / AMERICAN GOVTU.S. History

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Article II of the U.S. Constitution deals with?

Executive Branch

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Government with a King?

Monarchy

GHSGTSystem of government

in which two governments share

power?

Federalist

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Power of Supreme Court to declare laws

unconstitutional?

Judicial Review

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Role of the Legislative Branch?

Makes the law

Checks & Balances

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Federalism

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GHSGTEnglish philosopher that

influenced Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of

independence?

John Locke

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First ten amendments to the United States

Constitution known as?

Bill of Rights

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Role of the Judicial Branch?

Interpret the law

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Article III of the U.S. Constitution deals with?

Judicial Branch

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Supreme Court Case that established Judicial Review?

Marbury v. Madison

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Role of the Executive Branch?

Enforce the law, carry out the law

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Article I of the U.S. Constitution deals with?

Legislative Branch

GHSGTThis settled how each state

would be represented in Legislature at the

Constitutional Convention?

Great Compromise

GHSGTReapportionment is

mandated by the U.S. Constitution to happen this

often?

10yrs / Census

GHSGTPrinciple of the U.S.

Constitutional that makes government officials abide by

the law?

Rule of Law

GHSGTPrinciple of the U.S.

Constitution that restricts both national and state

governments?

Limited Government

GHSGTIndividual that influenced U.S.

Constitution to include principles of separation of powers and Checks and

Balances?

Montesquieu

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The 5th & 14th Amendment both have what protection

for citizens?

Due Process of Law

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Created so no one branch of government could

become stronger than the others?

Checks & Balances

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Supreme Court Justice that served for 34 years and strengthened the federal

government?

John Marshall

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Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press, and

Speech?

1st Amendment

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Constitutional Amendment that gave 18 year olds the

right to vote?

26th Amendment

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Abolished Slavery?

13th Amendment

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Gave African American males suffrage?

15th Amendment

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Provided for the Direct Election of Senators?

17th Amendment

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This is the privacy amendment?

4th Amendment

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Equal protection clause found in this Amendment?

14th Amendment

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First form of government in 1781?

Articles of Confederation

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Father of the Constitution and youngest member at

Constitutional Convention?

James Madison

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First two political parties?

Federalist/ Democratic Republicans

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Leader of Federalist?

Alexander Hamilton

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Leader of Democratic Republicans?

Thomas Jefferson

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Federalist desired which government to be strong?

National

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Democratic Republicans desired which government

to be strong?

State

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This is the solution used to determine how slaves would be counted in

population for Representation purposes ?

3/5ths Compromise

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Document that separated the American Colonies from Great

Britain?

Declaration of Independence

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The Federalist were written to?

Convince states to approve the Constitution

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Concept in the Declaration of Independence that means

citizens of the U.S. have rights given by their Creator?

Natural Rights

GHSGTConcept in the Declaration of

Independence that means governments must protect

citizens life, liberty, and property?

Social Contract Theory

GHSGTThis individual convinced many in the U.S. to want to declare independence against Great

Britain?

Thomas Paine

GHSGTPamphlet written to convince many in the U.S. to want to

declare independence against Great Britain?

Common Sense

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Author of the Declaration of

Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

GHSGTThis group refused to ratify the U.S. Constitution without a Bill

of Rights?

Anti-Federalist

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9 of 13 to pass laws; all 13 to amend; no executive; no

judicial; could not tax?

Weakness of Articles of Confederation

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Reconstruction Amendments

13th, 14th, 15th

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Plessy v. Ferguson established this

Doctrine?

“Separate But Equal”

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Supreme Court case that reversed Plessy v.

Ferguson?

Brown v. Board of Education

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1963 Supreme Court case that expanded the rights of those accused of crimes?

Miranda v. Arizona

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This abolished slavery in the U.S.?

13th Amendment

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This gave African American’s suffrage?

15th Amendment

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Granted Women’s Suffrage?

19th Amendment

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Caused Prohibition?

18th Amendment

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Repealed Prohibition?

21st Amendment

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1973 Supreme Court case that determined women

had a right to an abortion?

Roe v. Wade

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The 17th Amendment, Initiative, Referendum,

Recall are examples of?

Direct democracy

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This group of people benefitted from the 17th

Amendment?

Voters

GHSGTThe 17th Amendment, Initiative, Referendum, Recall are from what

historical era?

Progressive Era

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Reason Bill Clinton impeached?

Perjury (Lying under Oath)

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Bill Clinton was impeached in the?

House of Representatives

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Bill Clinton was acquitted, found not

guilty, in the?

Senate

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The Election of 2000 was significant because it?

Emphasized the role of the Electoral

College

U.S. HISTORY TO 1865U.S. History

GHSGTThis Frenchmen helped

Benjamin Franklin get French assistance during the American

Revolution?

Marquis de Lafayette

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Class warfare in the Colonial Virginia?

Bacon’s Rebellion

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Exposed the Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Shay’s Rebellion

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Showed Government strong under U.S. Constitution?

Whiskey Rebellion

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Individual Selected to be Commander of Continental Army during Revolution?

George Washington

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Colony that provided religious toleration?

Rhode Island/ Roger Williams

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This Congressional Act left it up to the voters of

territories to determine if their state would be slave or

free?

Kansas-Nebraska Act

GHSGTIn this, King George III warned

American Colonists not to cross the Appalachian Mountains?

Proclamation of 1763

GHSGTEconomic system used by

Great Britain where colonies supplied raw materials and GB

sold colonies manufactured goods?

Mercantilism

GHSGTVoyage where African

Americans come to the United States by force?

Middle Passage

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This was caused by unsettled social and religious conditions

in colonial Massachusetts?

Salem Witch Trials

GHSGTThe Mayflower Compact

created a government deriving power from?

Consent of the Governed

GHSGTThis caused Great Britain to

began taxing colonists which in turn caused the Revolutionary

War?

French & Indian War

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First direct British tax on the colonist to be put on

paper documents?

Stamp Tax

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British tax on tea, glass, and paint?

Townshend Act

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Colonial Strategy to get parliament to repeal

stamp Act & Townshend Acts?

Boycott

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This ended the French & Indian War?

Treaty of Paris 1763

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President of the Confederate States of

America?

Jefferson Davis

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Lewis & Clarke were looking for

Northwest route to the Pacific Ocean

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The Louisiana Purchase did this to the United

States?

Doubled its size

GHSGTPrinciple where people got to determine whether their

state would be slave or free?

Popular Sovereignty

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Primary reason War of 1812 happened?

British refused to leave forts in Ohio

River Valley

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Territorial Expansion in the U.S. west was

caused by this belief?

Manifest Destiny

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The U.S. warned European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere?

Monroe Doctrine

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The caused the North & South to sectionalize along the 36 30 line of latitude?

Missouri Compromise

GHSGTThis outlawed the slave

trade in Washington DC and allowed California to enter

as a free state?

Compromise of 1850

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Idea that a state can declare void, or refuse to enforce, a

national law if the state considers it

unconstitutional?

Nullification Crisis

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1832 conflict over a Tariff or tax on imported goods

between South Carolina and the U.S. government?

Nullification Crisis

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Primary Conflict in the 1832 Nullification Crisis?

National Rights vs. States Rights

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54- 40 concerns what in U.S. History?

Oregon Territory

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Reason California’s population exploded in

1849?

Gold Rush

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First Women’s rights Convention?

Seneca Falls Convention

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Reformer that organized the Seneca Falls Convention?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

GHSGTTerm that explains when Ordinary citizens got the

chance to vote by removing land ownership requirement?

Jacksonian Democracy

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Civil War began here?

Fort Sumter

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General of the Army of the Potomac that accepted the

South’s surrender?

Ulysses S. Grant

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Civil War General that went on the March to the Sea

from Atlanta to Savannah?

William T. Sherman

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Civil War battle that split the Confederacy in half?

Battle of Vicksburg

U.S. HISTORY SINCE 1865U.S. History

Causes of Great Depression

GHSGT Reduced gov't reg. & low taxes increase

business profits

Prices Rose

Poor lost buying power; wages didn't

increase

Underconsumption

Business Overproduction

Business profits decline/ further unemployment

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FDRs plan to end the effects of the Great

Depression?

New Deal

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RRR – purpose of New Deal programs?

Relief, Recovery, Reform

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A severe economic recession in the 1930s

that affected all the world’ industrialized nations?

Great Depression

GHSGTA serious drought that caused

many farmers to lose their farms during the Great

Depression?

Dustbowl

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Geographic location of the Dustbowl?

Great Plains

GHSGTThis provided government

jobs, flood control, and rural electricity during the New

Deal?

Tennessee Valley Authority

GHSGTReform during FDR’s New Deal

that established collective bargaining rights for workers and prohibited unfair labor

practices.

Wagner Act

GHSGTThis provided old age

insurance for retirees 65 or older, unemployment, aid for the disabled and families with

dependent children?

Social Security Act

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This person had a monopoly on Oil in the

United States?

John D. Rockefeller

GHSGTOctober 1929 the U.S. was beginning to show signs of slowing down; stockholders

panicked and sold their stock causing this?

Stock Market Crash 1929

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Immigrants in urban neighborhoods

benefited from?

Jane Addams

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Era in U.S. history when U.S. government called on

to correct social ills in society?

Progressive Era

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Union Leader of the American Federation of

Labor?

Samuel Gompers

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Muckraker who wrote The Jungle?

Upton Sinclair

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The Jungle influenced Congress to pass what

law?

Meat Inspection Act

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Laws in the United States that separated the races in public & private facilities?

Jim Crow Laws

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Laws passed after Reconstruction to keep African Americans from having social equality?

Black Codes

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Group that used intimidation, violence, and

Murder to keep blacks from voting?

KKK

GHSGTThis person created Electric Power stations that helped

average citizens by replacing manual labor with Electric

energy in homes?

Thomas Edison

GHSGTEdison invention that

allowed people to work in factories at night?

Light Bulb

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This person invented the Cotton Gin and

Interchangeable parts?

Eli Whitney

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Artistic and Music movement that celebrated African

American culture?

Harlem Renaissance

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This person made automobiles cheap and

affordable by mass producing them in an

assembly line?

Henry Ford

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This addition to the Monroe Doctrine by President

Theodore Roosevelt was called?

Roosevelt Corollary

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The Roosevelt Corollary caused the U.S. to

become?

More involved in Latin America

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The United States attempted to help Cuba win

its independence from Spain in this war?

Spanish American

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This shortened the distance from New York to California

by Sea travel; improved trade and national defense?

Panama Canal

GHSGTThis helped President

Johnson push through the Civil Rights Act in 1964?

Assassination of JFK

GHSGTEdison inventions

replaced human labor with?

Electricity

GHSGTGeographic Location of

the Dust Bowl?

Plains

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Sputnik I was a?

Satellite

GHSGTThe Launch of Sputnik I made the U.S. realize?

Soviet Union was leading in

technology

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1968 incident that caused people to oppose the

Vietnam War?

Tet Offensive

GHSGTThis 1973 Scandal during Nixon’s presidency that caused people to distrust

the government?

Watergate

GHSGTThis speech, made in Washington D.C. urged equality of the races and influenced passage of the

Civil Rights Act?

“I have a dream” speech

GHSGTGroup of people Martin Luther

King, Jr. was writing to defending the use of Civil

Disobedience?

White Ministers

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Cell phone & Personal computer caused this in the

United States?

Communications Revolution

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This Caused the growth of international

business?

Computers

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The Kennedy / Nixon debate of 1960 was impacted by this?

Television

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This ended Jim Crow and discrimination in public

accommodations like hotels & busses?

Civil Rights Act of 1964

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This President integrated the U.S. government & U.S.

Military by Executive Order?

Harry Truman

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This ended discrimination in housing and was passed

after MLK, Jr’s Assassination?

Civil Rights Act of 1968

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This made it illegal for states to use grandfather

clause and literacy tests to keep blacks from voting?

Voting Rights Act of 1965

GHSGTMovement during WWI when

African Americans moved North to take jobs?

Great Migration

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Symbol representing Women working in

factories during WWII?

Rosie the Riveter

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Dramatic Increase in births after WWII?

Baby Boom

GHSGTSoldiers coming back

home after WWII and the Baby Boom caused these to be built?

Levittowns

GHSGTIn the 1950s Congress authorized a system of highways be built in this

Act?Interstate Highway

Act

GHSGTThe Interstate Highway

Act & Levittowns resulted in this?

Expansion of the Suburbs

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This person come to power, as a result of fear brought

about by the fall of China and Korea to communism?

Senator Joseph McCarthy

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Paranoia that the U.S. government had been

infiltrated by Communist spies during the Red Scare?

McCarthyism

GHSGT13 day standoff when the U.S.

and Russian come close to having a nuclear war under John

F. Kennedy’s Presidency?

Cuban Missile Crisis

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First African American to integrate professional

sports?

Jackie Robinson

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Geographic location where the Civil Rights

movement began?

Atlanta, GA

GHSGTThe main goal of this

organization was equal pay and equal rights for women?

National Organization of Women (NOW)

GHSGTThis was the Mexican-

American leader of the United Farm Workers (UFW) Union?

Cesar Chavez

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Rachel Carson was the author of this book?

Silent Spring

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Silent Spring led the environment movement by

opposing use of this in farming?

Chemicals/Pesticides

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Silent Spring led the environment movement by

opposing use of this particular insecticide?

DDT

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April 22 intended to inspire awareness and appreciation for

the earth’s environment?

Earth Day

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Federal Agency with the purpose of enforcing laws

aimed at maintaining a safe and clean environment?

Environmental Protection Agency

WORLD HISTORYU.S. History

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Treaty that ended WWI?

Treaty of Versailles

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Year U.S. entered WWI?

1917

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Why U.S. entered WWI?

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

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Woodrow Wilson’s plan to end all world wars in

1918?

Fourteen Points

GHSGTReason U.S. senators did

not approve Treaty of Versailles after WWI?

Opposed Wilson’s League of Nations

GHSGTInternational

peacekeeping organization proposed by

Woodrow Wilson?

League of Nations

GHSGTReason U.S. senators did opposed Wilson’s League

of Nations?

Isolationism/ didn’t want to get in European

business

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Surprise Attack by the Japanese on Dec. 7, 1941

that caused the U.S. to enter WWII?

Pearl Harbor

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This U.S. action caused Japan to attack pearl

harbor?

U.S. embargo on petroleum to Japan

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Year U.S. entered WWII?

1941, Because of Pearl Harbor

GHSGTPurpose of FDR’s Executive

Order 9066 after the bombing of Pearl Harbor?

Japanese Internment Camps

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Great Britain, France, and the United States During World War II were known

as?

Allied Powers

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Allied invasion of Normandy in France during WWII to

push Nazi Germany troops out of France?

D-Day

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Geographic Location of Pearl Harbor

Pacific

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Reason Harry Truman made the decision to drop the

Atomic Bombs on Japan?

Save American Lives

GHSGTTensions between the Soviet Union and the United States caused by differences in the ideologies of Communism & Capitalism from 1945-1989?

Cold War

GHSGTAn alliance made by Capitalist Nations in the Atlantic (Great

Britain, France, U.S.) to oppose the Spread of

Communism during the Cold War?

NATO

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NATO stands for?

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

GHSGTThis was the U.S’s policy

to stop the spread of Communism during the

Cold War?

Containment

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The idea that if one country fell to communism those beside it

would soon fall too?

Domino Theory

GHSGTThis was the U.S. Plan to provide money to rebuild countries in Europe after

WWII?

Marshall Plan

GHSGT1947 presidential plan that

committed the U.S. to fighting Communism

throughout the world?

Truman Doctrine

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Closest U.S. came to nuclear war with the Soviet Union during the Cold War?

Cuban Missile Crisis

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President during the Bay of Pigs Incident?

John F. Kennedy

GHSGTGroup of Countries that

control the world’s supply of Oil and manipulates prices to

oil importing nations?

OPEC

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OPEC stands for?

Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries

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U.S. Financial plan to rebuild Europe after WWII to combat

communism?

Marshall Plan

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Economic alliance between Canada, Mexico, and the

United States to limit trade restrictions?

NAFTA

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NAFTA stands for?

North American Free Trade Agreement

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The building of large armies and navies, glorification of military and expansion, a cause of WWI and WWII?

Militarism

GHSGTPeriod in World History where

a rebirth of learning and important social changes occurred emphasizing the

importance of the Individual?

Renaissance

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Era in World history when Catholic Church challenged and split into Catholic and

Protestant religions because of efforts to change the Catholic

church?

Reformation

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Invented the printing press to make books faster and

cheaper?

Johann Gutenberg

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Effects of the Printing press?

Spreading of ideas and a more literate

society

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The idea that the sun is the center of the Universe and

the planets revolve around the sun?

Heliocentric Theory

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Used a telescope and math to publish the heliocentric

theory?

Galileo

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Galileo furthered the work of this scientist on the Heliocentric theory?

Copernicus

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Come up with the idea that the sun was at the center of the

Universe?

Copernicus

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Early explorer that laid land claims for Great Britain in the 1500s which set the stage for

later colonization?

John Cabot

GHSGTPreached people gain

salvation through faith, bible more important than priests,

leader of protestant revolution?

Martin Luther

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Separated England from the Catholic Church and created

protestant religion because he wanted a male heir?

King Henry VIII

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Movement where thinkers applied the principle of human reason and thought to solve

problems ?

Enlightenment

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Germany, Italy, and the Japan during World War II

were known as?

Axis Powers