George Washington

• Washington- elected 1789 • The Electoral College• First Actions

– Bill of Rights– Create a cabinet

• Two of key members of Washington’s cabinet were Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton

The Whiskey Rebellion• In 1791, Congress imposed a direct tax on the

manufacture of whiskey• Western farmers, the main manufactures of whiskey,

rebelled against the tax in 1794• You are President Washington, in charge of a new

country, what would you do? Keep the people happy, or show them who is boss – why.

• Washington orders 15,000 troops to put down the rebellion

• The rebels disperse without fighting, ending the rebellion

What message did the new government send by ordering troops to put down the rebellion?

FOCUS- Who would have agreed with this opinion…A Federalist or Democratic-

Republican?1. Only a strong central government will promote

prosperity.2. The country’s success is dependent on the farmers,

not on the growth of cities and manufacturing.3. The Federal Government, if it becomes too

powerful, will trample peoples’ rights.4. We need to loosely interpret the Constitution and

give flexibility to the power of the Federal Government.

What did Washington do?

• He was AGAINST political parties• SO…do you think he joined one?• Along with addressing the nation’s debt,

Washington also set many PRECEDENTS during his presidency– Term length– Neutrality– He tried to set a precedent in regards to

political parties, but…

Washington’s farewell address-Summarize each point in your notes

• Extolls the benefits of the federal government. "The unity of government...is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence...of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize."

• Warns against the party system. "It serves to distract the Public Councils, and enfeeble the Public Administration....agitates the Community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity of one....against another....it opens the door to foreign influence and corruption...thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another."

• Stresses the importance of religion and morality. "Where is the security for property, for reputation, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths, which are the instruments of investigation in Courts of Justice?"

• On stable public credit. "...cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is to use it as sparingly as possible...avoiding likewise the accumulation of debt....it is essential that you...bear in mind, that towards the payments of debts there must be Revenue, that to have Revenue there must be taxes; that no taxes can be devised, which are not...inconvenient and unpleasant..."

• Warns against permanent foreign alliances. "It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world..."

• On an over-powerful military establishment. "...avoid the necessity of those overgrown military establishments, which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to Republican Liberty.”

How well do you think our country has taken Washington’s advice on each topic? Explain using real life examples from today.

The Next President…• John Adams

– Political party? (hint: he agreed with Hamilton)– He did try to follow Washington’s precedent of neutrality

• Tensions increase with France with the XYZ affair• Tension led to a quasi-war (but not a war)

– Response to the XYZ affair: distrust of foreigners and America’s first anti-immigrant action

• Alien and Sedition Acts– This was not only about quieting the voices of foreigners, it was meant to

quiet the voices of the Democrat-Republicans, the political party that many foreigners joined

• The election of 1800- the demise of Hamilton– After a 3 way split of electoral college votes, the House of

Representatives chose Jefferson

Alien and Sedition Acts• The Naturalization Act (officially An Act to Establish a Uniform Rule of

Naturalization; ch. 54, 1 Stat. 566) extended the duration of residence required for aliens to become citizens of the United States.

• The Alien Friends Act (officially An Act Concerning Aliens; ch. 58, 1 Stat. 570) authorized the president to deport any resident alien considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States." It was activated June 25, 1798, with a two year expiration date.

• The Alien Enemies Act (officially An Act Respecting Alien Enemies; ch. 66, 1 Stat. 577) authorized the president to apprehend and deport resident aliens if their home countries were at war with the United States of America. Enacted July 6, 1798, and providing no sunset provision, the act remains intact today as 50 U.S.C. § 21–24. At the time, war was considered likely between the U.S. and France.

• The Sedition Act (officially An Act for the Punishment of Certain Crimes against the United States; ch. 74, 1 Stat. 596) made it a crime to publish "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government or its officials. It was enacted July 14, 1798, with an expiration date of March 3, 1801 (the day before Adams' presidential term was to end).

What would the reaction be to a law like this in the United States today?

Thomas Jefferson

• The Louisiana Purchase• Lewis and Clark

• Establishment of Judicial Review– The Supreme Court’s power to decide

whether or not an action made by the government (this includes laws) abide by the Constitution (“constitutional”)

Louisiana Purchase• The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 more than doubled the size of the

United States, setting the stage for the continued westward migration of Americans throughout the 1800s.

• The Louisiana Purchase included a huge area west of the Mississippi- specifically the lands drained by the Missouri River.

• The lands had reverted from the French to the Spanish after the 1763 Treaty of Paris (Seven Years’ War), but in 1800, the French leader (Napoleon) convinced Spain to give France the lands in exchange for French aid in gaining territory in Europe.

• Jefferson sought to intervene diplomatically, attempting to block the deal, or at least gain concessions from France- full access to the Mississippi and New Orleans, for example.

• In 1803, Napoleon sold the territory, including New Orleans, to the United States for roughly $15,000,000. The United States now controlled the entire Mississippi River drainage.

Lewis and Clark Expedition• Even before the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson was planning

an expedition to explore and map areas west of the Mississippi. He chose his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis, to lead the expedition.

• William Clark joined Lewis to co-lead the expedition, which was charged with exploring the western reaches of the Missouri River, and ascertaining a route to the Pacific.

• In May 1804, the “Corps of Discovery” set out from St. Louis, traveled up the Missouri River, crossed the Rocky Mountains, finally reaching the Pacific near present Portland, Oregon. Lewis and Clark returned over 2 years after they had begun. Their epic journey greatly increased knowledge of the west.

Route of Lewis and Clark Expedition

Lewis and Clark writing assignment

• Using your knowledge of the Lewis and Clark expedition and a current map of the U.S., make a list of the challenges you think the Corp of Discovery will face on their journey

• Using that information, and the list of supplies brought along, write a historical fiction short story describing the journey of the Corp of Discovery and the adventures and challenges the members may have faced.

Background to War of 1812

• England stealing American sailors - Impressment

• England arming Native Americans on the frontier and encouraging them to attack American settlers

• War hawks – pg 215. – find the Thesis and 2 SFI’s

• By 1812 trade restrictions between the Americans and the British had been lifted

• The U.S. however declared war on Britain and launched an unsuccessful attack on British Canada• After raiding, and burning Washington D.C., the British are turned back in Baltimore.

The War of 1812

Creating a National IdentityGeneral Andrew Jackson

• Jackson defeated the Red Stick Indians at the battle of Horseshoe creek

• Jackson protected frontier framers in the south by invading Spanish Florida

• Jackson “saved the day” by winning the Battle of New Orleans.

• Everyone loves Jackson, everyone is proud to be American!

The Death of the Federalist Party• Pg 218 & 219 – create a cause and effect map

showing how the federalists lost their power • Opposed the war

– Considered secession and peace with England before the war was over – looks cowardly.

• Tried to pass laws strengthening New England – looks selfish

– Bad timing – they make their demands the same time victory is declared.

AMERICANS VOTE THEM OUT – never to be heard from again.

American Nationalism• During the Era of Good Feelings (and after the

War of 1812), American nationalism surged– PRIDE

• Many decisions are made that make the national government in America bigger and stronger

• Technology improves the nation• Which party is in charge now?• And, American neutrality transforms into

American ISOLATION– What is the difference?

Cause and Effect assignment.

• Create a cause and effect map dealing with the war of 1812

• Answer in a paragraph (a good one, with topic sentence and supporting facts) Why did the US go to war with Britain and what was the outcome?

• Due Wednesday.

Erie Canal• Completed in 1825, it

allowed goods to be shipped by water from NYC to the west

• The canal boats could carry greater loads than wagons

• The 365 mile canal was dug by hand, mainly by Irish immigrants

How did the change you see in this map effect the life of people in the united states? Was this a positive or negative change? Explain.

Erie Canal• The Erie Canal helped turn NYC into a major port

leading to an increase in the city’s population and the development of industries

Jackson’s travels

• Read the excerpt from Andrew Jackson’s biography and complete the following assignment.

• Create a before and after poster (using two sheets of paper) demonstrating how travel has improved and how it effected American’s lives prior to 1860.

1. How are the messages of these two cartoons similar?2. What, according to these cartoons, does the Monroe

Doctrine say?

1

2

SCAMS

The Monroe Doctrine

• Named after President James Monroe

-Issued in 1823, the Doctrine marked the start of the U.S. policy of preventing European powers from further colonizing and interfering with western hemisphere countries