george martin
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presentationTRANSCRIPT
Challenges for the HE Sector
George Martin
Professor of Low Impact and Sustainable Buildings
9th October 02012
Entrepreneurial University of the Year 2011
The Times Higher Education Awards
Planet Earth
Agenda
• It’s The Law
• The Challenge
• Mind the Gap
• Evidence / Measurement
• Tools
• Behavioural Change
• Drivers
• The Intelligent Client
• Conclusions
It’s The Law
Climate Change Act
• Targets:
� 34% cut by 2020;
� 80% by 2050
• Extensive enabling powers
• 5 year budgets; annual reports to Parliament
from the independent Committee on Climate
Change
Climate Change Act 26th November 2008
Climate Change Act
November 2008
Sectoral Plans.
Low carbon buildings
• By 2050, all buildings will need to
have an emissions footprint close to
zero
The Challenge
The Challenge
Domestic
Retail
Industrial
GovernmentEducation
Hotel
Health
WarehouseLeisure
Commercial
20201990 2050
Barriers to progress
• Plethora of policies, reports and initiatives
• Lack of collaborative integration of the
supply chain
• Need for general up skilling of all parts of
the supply chain
• Preoccupation with initial capital cost
instead of appraising projects on a whole life
basis
• Evidential gap between design and
performance in use
Mind The Gap
11The built environment experts
0
25
50
75
100
125
Ty pi c a l Good
pr a c t i c e
2 0 0 2
R e gul a t i ons
2 5 %
r e duc t i on
i nc l udi ng up
t o 10 % f or
r e ne wa bl e s
2 0 0 6 Ta r ge t
Emi ssi ons
R a t e ( TER )
P ER C ov e r a l l
e mi ssi ons
r e duc t i on
Bui l di ng
Emi ssi ons
R a t e ( B ER)
I n i t i a l
c onsumpt i on
( f i r st y e a r )
B e nc hma r k s B ui l d i ng R e gul a t i ons
kgC
O2/m
2 per
ann
um
Fabric and systems efficiency improvements
Regulatory requirements
Renewables contribution
Actual performance
Benchmarks
Credibility gaps between virtual performance and ac tual performance
CarbonBuzz - energy profiling from design to operation
Courtesy Aedas - Stockley Academy Built in 2005
Evidence / Measurement
CO2 Emissions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
School A School B School C School D School E GoodPractice
Typical
kgC
O2/
m2
kg CO2 CO2 elec
kg CO2 CO2 gas
2002 Notional Building Regs
2006 TER Building Regs
Buro Happold study of 5 new ‘well designed’ academi es
Breakdown of Electrical Consumption by End Usage
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
School A School B School C School D School E
kWh/
m2/
annu
m
Server and specialistcomputingCatering elecricity
Office equipment
Lighting
Fans, pumps, controls
Cooling
Breakdown of Electrical Consumption by End Usage
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
School A School B School C School D School E
kWh/
m2/
annu
m
Server and specialistcomputingCatering elecricity
Office equipment
Lighting
Fans, pumps, controls
Cooling
Automatic Control versus Manual
Elizabeth Fry BuildingConstructed 1993/4 and occupied in
January 1995
DEC rating B (26 to 50) 44
Performance of Higher Education Buildings
23
The Elizabeth Fry building Energy
E.FRY CUMSUM OF INPUT ENERGYkwh/sq.metre/annum for prior 52 week period
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
5 12 19 26 33 40 47 2 9 16 23 30 37 44 51 6 13 20 27 34 41 48 3 10 17 24 31 38 45 52 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 4 11 18 25 0 7 14 1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50 5 12 19 26 33 40 47 2 9 16 23 30 37 44 51 6 13 20 27 34 41 48 1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50
week numbers (FEB 96 - JAN 07)
Kw
h/sq
.m/a
nnum
heating
electricity
24
The Elizabeth Fry building Energy
Tools
EPCs and DECs
Unregulated Energy Use includes: plugload, server r ooms, security, external lighting, lifts etc.Special Functions include: trading floors, server r ooms, cafeteria etc.
Extra occupancy& operating hours
Actual – Real energy use
Specialfunctions
Design forecast
Forecast Regulated COPart L
2 Unregulated CO 2
InefficienciesFrom BMS
Regulated Energy Use includes: fixed building servi ces, heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation, ligh ting
Energy use - the full picture
Reference: Aedas Architects 2010
Unregulated Energy Use includes: plugload, server r ooms, security, external lighting, lifts etc.Special Functions include: trading floors, server r ooms, cafeteria etc.
Extra occupancy& operating hours
Actual – Real energy use
Specialfunctions
Design forecast
Forecast Regulated COPart L
2 Unregulated CO 2
InefficienciesFrom BMS
Regulated Energy Use includes: fixed building servi ces, heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation, ligh ting
Energy use - the full picture
Reference: Aedas Architects 2010
Energy Performance Certificate
Display Energy Certificate
Drivers
Energy Act 2011
• Enacted 18th October 2011
• Three principle objectives:
– Tackling barriers to investment in energy efficiency
– Enhancing energy security
– Enabling investment in low carbon energy supplies.
• Designed to make a step change in the provision of energy
efficiency measures.
• The Act sets out for the first time how the Green Deal will work.
49 Non-domestic energy efficiency
regulations
(1) The Secretary of State must make
regulations for the purpose of securing
that a landlord of a non-domestic
Property-
(c) Which falls below such level of
energy efficiency (as demonstrated
by the energy performance
certificate) as is provided for by the
regulations
May not let the property until the landlord
has compiled with the obligation
mentioned in subsection (2)
(2) The obligation is to make to the property
such relevant energy efficiency
improvements as are provided for by the
regulations
49 Non-domestic energy efficiency
regulations
(1) The Secretary of State must make
regulations for the purpose of securing
that a landlord of a non-domestic
Property-
(c) Which falls below such level of
energy efficiency (as demonstrated
by the energy performance
certificate) as is provided for by the
regulations
May not let the property until the landlord
has compiled with the obligation
mentioned in subsection (2)
(2) The obligation is to make to the property
such relevant energy efficiency
improvements as are provided for by the
regulations
Chart 3 - Distribution of DEC bands across the
BBP London portfolio 2009
1
10
73
141474
A B C D E F G
Nu
mb
er o
f b
uil
din
gs
Better Buildings Partnership survey using 2009 ener gy data covering 123 London Offices.
Direction from Government
• The UK’s Low Carbon Transition
plan is the construction
industry’s business plan for the
next 40 years.
• We need to ensure that we
equip the current generation
with the skills required to
design, construct, operate and
maintain a low carbon built
environment
• We need to be aware of
unintended consequences
• We need new procurement
methods
Behavioural Change
It’s Everyone
• Clients / Owners
• Investors
• Planners
• Design Supply Chain
• Delivery Supply Chain
• Operation / Maintenance Supply chain
• Occupiers / Users
Occupiers - Student Game
Game available at:PC Version
http://sgiwiki.cueltd.co.uk/Customer/Application/[email protected]
Mac Version:http://sgiwiki.cueltd.co.uk/Customer/Application/Green@CU_forMAC.zip
Student Game
The Intelligent Client
The Intelligent Client Recipe
• Procurement
– Whole Life Costing
“Without Whole Life Costing being embedded at the heart of all capital programmes, applied universally not episodically, Ministers should give up on their carbon targets, however worthy, and forget any notion of a sustainable government estate.”
(Jonathon Porritt, October 2004)
The Intelligent Client Recipe
• Procurement
– Whole Life Costing
– DEC
– Guaranteed Energy Performance
• Soft Landings
44The built environment experts
“A process for a graduated handover of a new or ref urbished
building, where a period of professional aftercare by the
project team is a client requirement – planned for a nd carried
out from project inception onwards – and lasting for up to
three years post-completion”
Soft Landings in a sentence
45The built environment experts
Energy analysis
The Intelligent Client Recipe
• Procurement
– Whole Life Costing
– DEC
– Guaranteed Energy Performance
• Soft Landings
• Knowledge Capture Hub
Conclusions
The Elephant in the Boardroom !
CARBON
“There is something that the Board needs to talk about”
"We cannot solve our problems
with the same thinking we used
when we created them."
Conclusions………………….
Albert Einstein
The Message
• Radical Change to the Procurement Process
– Whole Life Costing
– DEC
– Guaranteed Energy Performance
• Soft Landings
• Knowledge Capture Hub
