geology qs

7/23/2019 Geology Qs

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GEOLOGY

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

Question 1 (25 marks)

a. Define engineering geology and an engineering geologist. [CLO1:PLO1:C1](9 marks)

b. Describe responsibilities of engineering geologist in construction.

[CLO1:PLO2:C2](8 marks)

c. Discuss the engineering geologist job scope in construction. [CLO1:PLO1:C2](8 marks)


a. Define seismic waves and types of seismic waves. [CLO2:PLO1:C1](5 marks)

b. By using Figure 2(b), complete the diagram by sketching and labelling the following:

i. Different type of crusts,

ii. Earth’s internal layers,

iii. Discontinuity boundaries, and

iv. Physical behavior of each composition [CLO2:PLO2:C3](14 marks)

Figure 2(b)



c. Geoscientists are using the Seismic Waves Method to determine the Earth’s internal

properties. Describe the characteristics of the P-S waves being used in the method.

[CLO2:PLO2:C2](6 marks)


a. Define the rock cycle. [CLO3:PLO1:C1](3 marks)

b. Based on Figure 3(b), list out the processes represent by alphabet D – H. Each alphabet

may contain more than 1 process and sub-processes. [CLO3:PLO2:C2](12 marks)

Figure 3(b)

c. Briefly discuss the processes that occur within rock cycle. [CLO3:PLO2:C2](10

marks)


a. Define rock weathering. [CLO3:PLO1:C1](2 marks)

b. Briefly describe biological, chemical and physical weathering. [CLO3:PLO2:C2](9 marks)

c. Discuss the importance of weathering in rock engineering. [CLO4:PLO2:C2](14 marks)

(100 MARKS)

MAGMA

IGNEOUS

ROCK

SEDIMENTSEDIMENTAR

Y ROCK

METAMORPHI

C ROCK

H

G

F

D E



~ End of questions ~

PART AAnswer ALL questions in the question paper.

1. _____ is the branch of geology that applies physical laws and principles to study

Earth.

a. Earthquakology

b. Physicalogy c. Geophysics

d. Palentology CLO1:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

2. How do we know about the center of the earth?a. By drilling and taking out the sample from deep in the earth

b. By using seismic waves that travel through the earthc. By doing lab experimentd. By reading reference books CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

3. The crust and upper mantle form the ____.

a. lithosphere b. athenosphere

c. core

d. Moho discontinuity CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

4. The boundary that separates the crust from the mantle is the ____.

a. mantle discontinuity

b. Mohorovicic discontinuity

c. lithospheric discontinuity

d. athenospheric discontinuity CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

5. Oceanic crust is _____ continental crust.

a. thinner than

b. thicker than

c. the same thickness as

d. the same composition as CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

6. What type of seismic activity happens in an earthquake?a. Shocks

b. Raysc. Waves



d. Bounces CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

7. What instrument would you use to measure how big an earthquake is?a. Calculator

b. Spectrometerc. Seismograph or seismometer

d. Abacus CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

8. The bending of seismic waves as they pass from one material to another is called

seismic ____.

a. refraction

b. reflection

c. deflection

d. waves don't bend when they pass through different materials.

CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

9. _____ is a circulation pattern in which low-density material rises and high-density

material sinks.

a. Conduction

b. Convection

c. Density flow

d. Refraction CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

10. Fine-grained igneous rocks (grains < 1.0 mm) that have small grains cooled rapidly

and are likely to be _______.

a. extrusive b. reclusive

c. intrusive

d. obtrusive CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

11. Most of the basalt and gabbro on the ocean floor is created at mid oceanic ridges,

which are also ____.

a. divergent plate boundaries

b. ocean-ocean convergent plate boundaries

c. transform plate boundaries

d. ocean-continent plate boundaries CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

12. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of sedimentary rocks?a. Bedding

b. Fossilsc. Mud cracksd. Foliated CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

13. _______ is a byproduct of rock weathering.

a. Soil

b. Metamorphic rock

c. Igneous rock

d. Water CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)



14. In order of decreasing size (largest listed first), sedimentary grain sizes include __.

a. clay, sand, silt, and gravel

b. gravel, sand, clay, and silt

c. sand, gravel, silt, and clay

d. gravel, sand, silt, and clay CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

15. _____ is a term that describes a series of visible layers in sedimentary rock.

a. Units

b. Tables

c. Planes

d. Bedding CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

16. Limestone recrystallizes during metamorphism into:

a. Hornfels b. Marblec. Quartzited. Schist CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

17. The major difference between intrusive rocks and extrusive rocks is:a. Where they solidify

b. Chemical compositionc. Type of mineralsd. All of the preceding CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

18. Compaction and cementation are two common processes of:a. Erosion

b. Transportationc. Depositiond. Lithification CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

19. A useful tool illustrating the relationships among igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic rocks is called the ___.

a. Weathering and erosion of surface features

b. Plate tectonic cycle

c. Relationships between preexisting rock

d. Rock cycle CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

20. _______ refers to the group of destructive processes that change the physical and

chemical character of rocks at the Earth's surface.

a. Weathering

b. Extraction

c. Erosion

d. Deposition CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

PART BAnswer the question below in the answer sheet given.



With the aid of illustrations, interpret the rock cycle.

CLO2:PLO2:C3(30 MARKS)

~End of questions~

PART A

1. _____ is the branch of geology that applies physical laws and principles to study

Earth.

a. Earthquakology

b. Physicalogy

c. Geophysics

d. Palentology CLO1:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

2. “the discipline of applying geologic data, techniques, and principles to the study both ofi) naturally occurring rock and soil materials, and surface and subsurface fluidsii) the interaction of introduced materials and processes with the geologic environment”is the definition of:a. Geotechnical engineering

b. Civil engineeringc. Engineering geologyd. Lecturer CLO1:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

3. The average thickness of the crust?

a. 50km-90km continental crust, 10-20km ocean crust b. 10km-20km continental crust, 35km-70km ocean crustc. 35km-70km continental crust, 5km-10km ocean crustd. 3.5km-7.0km continental crust, 5km-10km ocean crust


4. How do we know about the center of the earth?e. By drilling and taking out the sample from deep in the earthf. By using seismic waves that travel through the earthg. By doing lab experimenth. By reading reference books CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)



5. The crust and upper mantle form the ____.

a. lithosphere

b. athenosphere

c. core

d. Moho discontinuity CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

6. The boundary that separates the crust from the mantle is the ____.

a. mantle discontinuity

b. Mohorovicic discontinuity

c. lithospheric discontinuity

d. athenospheric discontinuity CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

7. What is the asthenosphere?

a. It is the surface that separates the crust from the mantle.

b. It is the zone that separates the continental crust from the oceanic crust.

c. It is in the surface that separates the inner and outer core.

d. It is the zone of weakness in the mantle on which the lithosphere moves.


8. Three (3) types of plate boundaries are:a. Conrad, Mohorovicic, Gutenberg

b. Mohorovicic, Lithosphere, Mantlec. Divergent, Convergent, Transform Faultd. Transform Fault, Mohorovicic, Mantle CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

9. Oceanic crust is _____ continental crust.

a. thinner than

b. thicker than

c. the same thickness as

d. the same composition as CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

10. What type of seismic activity happens in an earthquake?e. Shocksf. Raysg. Waves

h. Bounces CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

11. “A compressional wave in which rock vibrates back and forth parallel to the direction ofwave propagation. The first wave to arrive at a recording station and pass easily through solidrock and fluid.”The statement above refers to:a. L wave

b. S wavec. R waved. P wave CLO2:PLO1:C1(1

mark)

12. ___ indicates that the core of the Earth is a liquid.

a. Density calculations



b. Studies of meteorites

c. The P-wave shadow zone

d. The S-wave shadow zone CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

13. What instrument would you use to measure how big an earthquake is?

a. Calculator b. Spectrometerc. Seismograph or seismometer d. Abacus CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

14. The bending of seismic waves as they pass from one material to another is called

seismic ____.

a. refraction

b. reflection

c. deflection

d. waves don't bend when they pass through different materials.


15. _____ is a circulation pattern in which low-density material rises and high-density

material sinks.

a. Conduction

b. Convection

c. Density flow

d. Refraction CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

16. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?a. Divergent boundary – Pangea

b. Transform fault – San Andreas Faultc. Oceanic & Oceanic Convergence – Indonesian Islandd. Transform fault – Volcanic Island CLO2:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

17. ____ is the idea that continents move freely over Earth's surface, changing their

positions relative to one another.

a. Plate tectonics

b. Sea floor spreading

c. Continental drift

d. Continental collisions CLO2:PLO1:C1(1mark)

18. Which of the following is TRUE about a mineral?a. An organic material

b. Has a crystalline structurec. Has a characteristic of chemical compositiond. All of the preceding CLO3:PLO1:C1(1 mark)

19. The mineral ___ is strongly magnetic.

a. calcite

b. pyrite

c. magnetite

d. magnesite CLO3:PLO1:C1(1mark)



20. On Mohs' scale of hardness your fingernail has a value of ____.

a. 12

b. 5

c. 2"

d. 6" CLO3:PLO1:C1(1mark)

PART B

With the aid of illustrations, interpret the relationship between the earth’s internal structure andseismic waves.

CLO2:PLO2:C3(30 MARKS)

~End of questions~

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