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big bang theory:

edwin hubble

doppler effect

all forces in one- at the start

-weak , strong nuclear, electromagnetic, etc. gravity

>gravity

>3 other forces

>hydrogen

>helium

>light

>radiation

>stars

>N, O, C

>matter+gravity

misconceptions: not an explosion rather an expansionther is no center of expansion

stellar evolution: birth and death of stars

core-mayn nuclear fusion (H+) >> He>> glow of the star/source of heat

star -twinkle kasi may source of light vs. planet- does not twinkle, only reflects light

nebula- cradle of a new star/ remant of a dead star

nucleosynthesis- H+ burning...nuclear fusion

late burning stages- He+He forming larger elements...

death of massive stars---supernova

heavy elements- left overs of supernova material

our sun- 2nd generation material

sun, planets, satellites rings...

terrestrial, gas planets

nebular hypothesis- SS originated fron a single cloud of gas and dust & contracted due to gravity

-immanuel kant

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sun- mostly made of H+

ceter-conducts nuclear reactions

pluto-dwarf planet

JUVIAN--> GAS GIANTS

---no solid surface

EARTH

-started as a dust ball from the nebular gas

-together by gravity--> accretion(building up)w. heating

-cooling process--> denser elements sank in, lighter ones floated = differentiated earth/layers

Fe&Nickel-core,density segregation

MOON

-from collision of materials with earth

-compocition of the moon to the composition of the surface of the earth

iron catasrophe-differentiation of the earth

>core(solid and liquid) lehmann

gutenberg

>mantle

mohorovicic

>crust

chemical composition

size- eratosthenes earth's circumference

shape- oblate spheroid flat sa poples, bulging sa equator.. why?--> cenripital forces, dahil umiikot and

mundo

mt.everest-tallest mt

tallest feature- mauna loa

marianas trench-deepest 10K m

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pacific plate & phil plate--> subduction

LARGE SCALE FEATURES

Mt's, maountain ranges, belts, arcs/ volcanoes

phil-volcanic arc

himalaya mt belt-indian & asian plates

desserts

river basins

OCEAN BASINS AND GLOBAL OCEANIC RIDGES

ocean floors

guyots and sea mounts

EARTH'S INTERNAL STRUCTUREAND COMPOSITION

moho,lehmann, gutenberg

anatomy: Ddivisions

>density

>chemical composiiton>mechanical behavior of materials (lithosphere, etc..)

crust-continental-thicker, less dense older, felsic rocks= Si & Al, granitic rocks

ocenic - heavier, balastic rocks, thinner, younger, Mg, basalt

mantle-Fe Mg

-hot solid

outer core-liquid

nickle and iron

inner-solid

same composition

Lithosphere

-cool and rigid\

-uppermost mantle and crust

asthenosphere

-weak sphere

-behaves plastically

-partial melting

-rest of the mantle

ISOSTASY

-tendency of the earth to maintain a state of near equilibrium (CRUST)

-"same standing"

-buoyancy

AIRY'S THEORY

-mt's roots w/c extend down to the mantle

- thus elevation is proportional to the depth of the underlying root

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PRATT'S THEORY

-elevation is inversely proportional to density

-thus higher mountain=lower density

-light rocks float higher