Directions:

In order to complete this assignment, you must use the maps in your book on page 150, 160, and 173. Your classwork grade will

be based on a) how well you followed directions to complete the assignments, and b) how efficiently you worked on the assignment.

Step 1: Locate and label the following regions on the map provide Check off each box as you go along:

Step 2: Locate and label the following ancient cities on the map provided. Check off each box as you go along:

Step 3: Locate and label the following geographical features on the map provided:

Step 4: Finally, use the map on page 160 to draw, and shade-in the boundaries of the Roman Empire at its height in A.D. 200.

Geography of Rome

☐ Britain

☐ Gaul

☐ Spain

☐ Egypt

☐ Syria

☐ Arabia

☐ Asia Minor

☐ Palestine

☐ Italy

☐ Greece

☐ Africa

☐ Sicily

☐ Judea

☐ Rome

☐ Carthage

☐ Athens

☐ Byzantium/Constantinople

☐ The Alps

☐ Atlantic Ocean

☐ Mediterranean Sea

☐ Adriatic Sea

☐ Rhine River

☐ Danube River

☐ Nile River

☐ Tigris River

☐ Euphrates River

☐ Red Sea

☐ Black Sea

☐ North Sea

Your map should look a bit like this one

when you have completed your assignment.

I. THE LAND AND PEOPLES OF ITALY

1. Locate and label the following geographic locations on the map to the right:

Sicily

Sardinia

Rome

Mediterranean Sea

A. The Impact of Geography

1. After reading this section, and studying the table below, what are the two major differences

in how geography affected Rome, as compared to Greece?

2. What were the two main reasons why Rome was built in such a place that made it a great location to start a civilization.

C. The Peoples of Italy

1. What were the three groups that had settled into the Italian peninsula ?

2. How did the Greeks influence Rome? What things did they give them through their interactions?

II. THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

1. What is a republic? Is the United States a republic?

A. War and Conquest

1. What did the Romans offer loyal allies—especially the Latins—after they had conquered them?

Greece Italy

Rugged mountains—difficult to cross.

Greece was divided into several small, isolated communities

Mountains less rugged

Did not divide Italy into small isolated communities

Little land available for farming

Small population

More land for available for farming

Larger population

Name: _______________________________________

Chapter 5 Reading Guide/Study Guide Section One— The Rise of Rome (pages 145—154)

ITALY

Due Date: ________

B. Why Rome was Successful

1. What were the three main reasons why Rome were successful? (they were not “sense of duty, courage, and discipline”)

III. THE ROMAN STATE

A. The Government of Rome

1. Identify who were members of the following 2 groups:

Patricians:

Plebeians:

2. Describe the jobs of the following two executive officers in the Roman Republic:

Consuls:

Praetors:

C. Roman Law

1. How was the Law of Nations a better legal system for ruling over Romans and non-Romans? What features did it have?

III. ROME CONQUERS THE MEDITERRANEAN

1. What led to the fighting between Rome and Carthage?

A. The First Punic War

1. Which side won the First Punic War?

B. The Second Punic War

1. Who was the Carthaginian general who rampaged through Italy with his elephants?

2. Who won the second Punic War?

C. More Conquests

1. What became of the city of Carthage after the Third Punic War?

2. What two Hellenistic kingdoms were conquered by Rome, making Rome THE dominant power in the Mediterranean?

Name: _______________________________________

Chapter 5 Reading Guide/Study Guide Section Two— From Empire to Republic (pages 156-162)

I. GROWING INEQUALITY AND UNREST

1. Who began to control the Senate and political offices in Rome?

2. What was happening to small farmers, as aristocrats were grabbing up more and more land?

3. What happened to Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus when they attempted to give back land to the poor farmers?

II. A NEW ROLE FOR THE ARMY

1. What did Marius begin offering to volunteers for their military service?

2. How was Marius’ new army different from the old Roman armies?

III. THE COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLIC

1. Identify the three generals who seized power following a period of civil war:

1st. _____________________________

Richest man in Rome

2nd._____________________________

A military hero from the Rome’s campaigns in Spain

3rd. _____________________________

Another popular general from the Spanish campaigns

1. The First Triumvirate

1. Julius Caesar was ordered to give up command of his army and return home. What did he do instead?

2. How did Julius Caesar end up taking complete control over the Roman government?

3. Explain what how Julius Caesar died shortly after declaring himself dictator of Rome.

2. The Second Triumvirate

1. Identify the three generals who shared power following the assassination of Julius Caesar:

1st. _____________________________

Caesar’s heir and grandnephew.

2nd._____________________________

Caesar’s right-hand man.

3rd. _____________________________

The commander of Caesar’s cavalry

Caesar

Crassus Pompey

Octavian

Due Date:____________

Nero

2. What happened between Octavian and Antony?

3. Who did Antony form an alliance with?

4. What eventually happened to Octavian’s enemies?

IV. THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS

1. What 2 titles was Octavian awarded by the Senate? (a new name, and a new job title)

2. What did Augustus do to stabilize the frontiers (borders)?

3. What did Augustus fail to conquer?

V. THE EARLY EMPIRE

A. Emperors of the Early Empire

1. How would emperors select their successors (the next emperors)?

2. What happened to the emperors as they became more powerful?

3. Describe the period of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana:

Occurred during the reign of __________ “good emperors”.

Lasted for about __________ years.

Ruling classes were treated with _________________

Arbitrary ___________________________ were ended.

________________________ was maintained throughout the empire.

B. Extent of the Empire

1. At its height, how large was the Roman Empire? How many people did it rule over?

2. Which two culture’s blended together to form what is known as the “Greco-Roman civilization”?

C. Economic and Social Conditions

1. The prosperity of Rome was not shared by all Roman citizens. Describe how small farmers and poor Romans lived:

Name: _______________________________________

Chapter 5 Reading Guide/Study Guide Section Three— Culture and Society in the Roman World (pages 163-168)

I. ROMAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE

1. How did Roman statues differ from the Greek statues they were influenced by?

2. What improvements did the Romans add to Greek architectural styles?

3. What supplied the one million people in Rome with fresh water?

II. ROMAN LITERATURE

1. In the Aeneid, what values did the Roman poet, Virgil, portray through his character Aeneas?

III. THE ROMAN FAMILY

1. What would the paterfamilias be responsible for in the Roman family?

2. What would Roman boys learn as part of their education?

A. Attitudes Towards Women

1. Describe how women would be treated in Roman families.

B. Changing Roles

1. What “rights” did the paterfamilias lose by the second century A.D.?

2. What rights did upper-class (patrician) women have in the Early Empire, in the home AND outside the home?

IV. SLAVERY

A. The Use of Slaves

1. Although slavery was common in the ancient world, what made Roman slavery particularly significant?

Due Date:____________

B. Slave Revolts

1. Who led 70,000 slaves in a revolt against their Roman masters?

2. What happened to this slave revolt leader, and 6,000 of his followers?

V. DAILY LIFE IN THE CITY OF ROME

A. Living Conditions

1. Describe what living in the city of Rome would have been like.

2. What were the insulae? Who would have lived in these?

3. Describe what it would have been like to live in an insulae in Rome.

B. Public Programs

1. Beginning with Augustus Caesar, what did Roman emperors begin to give to the unemployed/poor people of Rome?

2. Read the quote from the Roman poet Juvenal. What is meant by this quote?

3. What were the three types of public spectacles provided by the emperors of Rome?

4. Which type of public spectacle was by far the most popular?

Layout of an insulae

Trash/Waste

I. BACKGROUND: ROMAN RELIGION

1. How did Romans treat conquered people who practiced a religion different from the Romans?

2. What occurred as Romans conquered the Hellenistic states (Egypt, Greece, and the Middle East) to the east?

II. THE JEWISH BACKGROUND

1. Why were the Romans in the Jewish kingdom of Judaea? What was their relationship to Rome?

III. THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY

A. The Message of Jesus

1. What three ethical concepts are found in the teachings of Jesus?

B. The Spread of Christianity

1. Christianity began as a movement within which religion?

2. What was Paul’s role in the spread of Christianity?

3. According to the teachings of Paul, how could people “be saved from sin and reconciled to God”?

4. What were the teachings of Jesus (the Gospels) based on? Jesus didn’t write anything down!!!

Name: _______________________________________

Chapter 5 Reading Guide/Study Guide Section Four— The Development of Christianity (pages 169—174)

Due Date:____________

Paul

C. Roman Prosecution

1. Why did Roman’s begin to think Christianity was a threat to the Roman Empire?

IV. THE TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY

1. How did the persecution of Christians actually strengthen the new religious order?

2. What were the 3 main reasons Christianity was able to attract so many followers in the 3rd century?

3. Why was Christianity particularly attractive the poor?

4. What is significant about the Roman emperor Constantine?

5. What did the Edict of Milan proclaim?

6. What is significant did Roman emperor Theodosius the Great?

Constantine

Theodosius

Diocletian

Name: _______________________________________

Chapter 5 Reading Guide/Study Guide Section Five— Decline and Fall (pages 175-178)

I. THE DECLINE

How does a large, sophisticated, prosperous civilization crumble and fall? In the case of Rome, there is no

ONE simple explanation. Usually there is a “perfect storm” of several conditions that weaken civiliza-

tions to a point in which they can not stop their decline.

Understanding why Rome collapsed is important because Rome is so similar to our civilization today. If

we do not understand why Rome collapsed, and why Romans were unable to stop their civilization from

collapsing, then we may be doomed to repeat the same mistakes.

A. Political Upheavals (following the deaths of the last 5 “good emperors”)

1. Following the death of the last of the ‘good emperors”, Marcus Aurelius, what kind of emperors did Rome have?

2. Which groups were also invading Roman territory at this time?

B. Economic and Military Problems

1. How did the plague cause serious economic problems in Rome?

2. Why was the Roman army seriously weakened during this time period as well?

C. The Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine (reforms are attempts to “fix” something)

1. Emperor Diocletian believed the empire had become too large to govern effectively. How did he

attempt to fix this?

2. Why couldn’t Rome afford the cost of increasing the size of the government and army?

3. What was the name of the new capital city Constantine had built in the east?

4. Did the reforms of Diocletian and Constantine work?

Germanic Warriors

Constantine

Due Date:________________

II. THE FALL

1. After Constantine, Rome became divided into Eastern and Western Rome.

A. What was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire?

B. What was the capital of the Western Roman Empire?

2. Which empire had frequent barbarian invasions?

3. Which group of barbarians drove the Germanic tribe of Visigoths into Roman territory?

4. What did the Visigoths eventually do that weakened the Western Roman Empire?

5. What did the Vandals do to weaken the Western Roman Empire?

6. What event marks the date in which the Western Roman Empire collapsed?

7. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, what happened to the Eastern Roman Empire?

7. List all of the ways the Eastern Roman Empire was similar to the Han Dynasty in China.

Eastern Roman Empire

(Latin)

Eastern Roman Empire

(Greek)