GeographyGeography

Mr. MohonMr. Mohon

Social Studies – 8Social Studies – 8

Journal Entry 1: Consider the following questions and write at Consider the following questions and write at

least a paragraph response using complete least a paragraph response using complete sentences. Please turn your finished responses sentences. Please turn your finished responses on the small desk next to the phone.__________on the small desk next to the phone.__________

Why do people live where they live?Why do people live where they live? What physical features do you see in the What physical features do you see in the

landscape around where we live?landscape around where we live? How do natural resources play a role in where How do natural resources play a role in where

people settle and live?people settle and live? Why do you think we need to understand Why do you think we need to understand

GEOGRAPHY in order to understand HISTORY?GEOGRAPHY in order to understand HISTORY?

I Can…I Can…

Use geographic tools to explain Use geographic tools to explain patterns and locations on the Earth. patterns and locations on the Earth.

These tools include: maps, These tools include: maps, photographs, charts, graphs, and photographs, charts, graphs, and computers. (SS-08.4.1.1)computers. (SS-08.4.1.1)

I Can…I Can…

Explain how Explain how physical features physical features cause people to cause people to live where they live where they do.do.

These include These include rivers, rivers, mountains, and mountains, and sea coasts. (SS-sea coasts. (SS-08.4.3.1)08.4.3.1)

I Can…I Can… Describe factors that Describe factors that

PUSH people to move. PUSH people to move. (Negative causes) (Negative causes)

Describe PULL factors Describe PULL factors that cause people to that cause people to move. (Positive move. (Positive causes) (SS-08.4.3.2)causes) (SS-08.4.3.2)

Describe how humans Describe how humans changed their changed their environment to meet environment to meet their needs. (SS-their needs. (SS-08.4.2.1)08.4.2.1)

I Can…I Can…

Describe how Describe how places change places change using technology, using technology, resources, and new resources, and new knowledge. (SS-knowledge. (SS-08.4.2.2)08.4.2.2)

Describe how Describe how resources found in resources found in a region cause it to a region cause it to change.change.

Five Themes of Geography:Five Themes of Geography: There are five themes There are five themes

of geography we study of geography we study in order to make in order to make connections to the connections to the world and how we world and how we interact with it:interact with it:

LocationLocation PlacePlace MovementMovement RegionRegion Human-Environmental Human-Environmental

InteractionInteraction

LocationLocation

Location refers to Location refers to WHERE WHERE something is on something is on Earth.Earth.

There are two There are two types of location:types of location:

Absolute locationAbsolute location Relative locationRelative location

Absolute LocationAbsolute Location ABSOLUTE LOCATION uses ABSOLUTE LOCATION uses

lines of LATITUDE and lines of LATITUDE and LONGITUDE to determine LONGITUDE to determine an exact point on the Earth.an exact point on the Earth.

ANY LOCATION ON EARTH ANY LOCATION ON EARTH can be located using these can be located using these grid lines of latitude and grid lines of latitude and longitude.longitude.

Bowling Green, KY is Bowling Green, KY is located at about 37 located at about 37 degrees NORTH, and 86 degrees NORTH, and 86 degrees WEST.degrees WEST.

When writing out When writing out coordinates of a location, coordinates of a location, the LATITUDE ALWAYS goes the LATITUDE ALWAYS goes first (North or South first (North or South measurement). measurement).

Absolute LocationAbsolute Location The EQUATOR is The EQUATOR is

located at 0 located at 0 degrees latitude degrees latitude around the center around the center of the Earth.of the Earth.

The PRIME The PRIME MERIDIAN is at 0 MERIDIAN is at 0 degrees longitude degrees longitude and runs through and runs through the observatory at the observatory at Greenwich, Greenwich, England.England.

Absolute LocationAbsolute Location

The EQUATOR The EQUATOR divides the Earth divides the Earth into the Northern into the Northern and Southern and Southern hemispheres.hemispheres.

The PRIME The PRIME MERIDIAN divides MERIDIAN divides the Earth into the the Earth into the Eastern and Eastern and Western Western hemispheres.hemispheres.

PRACTICE!PRACTICE!

Complete the map activity in your Complete the map activity in your Study Guide.Study Guide.

Locate the cities on the map and tell Locate the cities on the map and tell in which hemispheres these cities are in which hemispheres these cities are located.located.

Use the map to find the approximate Use the map to find the approximate ABSOLUTE LOCATIONS of the cities ABSOLUTE LOCATIONS of the cities listed. Make your best guess, and listed. Make your best guess, and remember to put LATITUDE first!remember to put LATITUDE first!

Relative LocationRelative Location Relative location refers Relative location refers

to a location in to a location in reference to another reference to another location.location.

For example: Target is For example: Target is located between located between Wal*Mart and Lowe’s.Wal*Mart and Lowe’s.

BG is located between BG is located between Louisville and Louisville and Nashville.Nashville.

WEMS is located next WEMS is located next to WEHS and across to WEHS and across from Hardee’s.from Hardee’s.

PlacePlace

PLACE refers to characteristics that make PLACE refers to characteristics that make one place different from others. Consider one place different from others. Consider these questions when thinking about these questions when thinking about PLACE:PLACE:

What is this place like?What is this place like? How does it compare with other places?How does it compare with other places? What physical and human characteristics What physical and human characteristics

make this place different?make this place different?

Place: New York CityPlace: New York City

Place: IowaPlace: Iowa

Place: TahitiPlace: Tahiti

Place: Beijing, ChinaPlace: Beijing, China

Place: TimbuktuPlace: Timbuktu

MovementMovement

MOVEMENT MOVEMENT refers to the refers to the moving of moving of people, products, people, products, forces, or ideas forces, or ideas and how they and how they define a place.define a place.

Journal Entry #2Journal Entry #2

How has MOVEMENT as a theme of How has MOVEMENT as a theme of geography contributed to the growth geography contributed to the growth of the United States?of the United States?

Think about what kind of movement Think about what kind of movement you have seen in your own lifetime—you have seen in your own lifetime—of people, ideas, products, etc. of people, ideas, products, etc. moving into, out of, and within the moving into, out of, and within the country.country.

RegionRegion

REGION refers to similarities in a REGION refers to similarities in a group of locations that bond them group of locations that bond them together due to common together due to common characteristics.characteristics.

In other words, a REGION is a group In other words, a REGION is a group of locations with a lot of different of locations with a lot of different physical and cultural characteristics physical and cultural characteristics in common.in common.

Some Political Regions of the U.S.Some Political Regions of the U.S.

GREEN = GREEN = Pacific/West CoastPacific/West Coast

ORANGE = Rocky ORANGE = Rocky MountainsMountains

PEACH = PEACH = SouthwestSouthwest

PINK = Great PINK = Great PlainsPlains

LIGHT PURPLE = LIGHT PURPLE = Great LakesGreat Lakes

DARK PURPLE = DARK PURPLE = SoutheastSoutheast

BLUE = Mid-BLUE = Mid-AtlanticAtlantic

TEAL = New TEAL = New EnglandEngland

U.S. Climate RegionsU.S. Climate Regions

Human-Environmental InteractionHuman-Environmental Interaction

H-E Interaction H-E Interaction refers to the ways refers to the ways in which people in which people modified the modified the environment for environment for their own benefit.their own benefit.

Farming, irrigation, Farming, irrigation, urban sprawl, urban sprawl, transportation, transportation, mining, oil drilling…mining, oil drilling…

Journal Entry #3:Journal Entry #3:

How do people modify/change the How do people modify/change the environment near where we live?environment near where we live?

Are there positive or negative effects Are there positive or negative effects to these actions?to these actions?

Mnemonic DeviceMnemonic Device

A mnemonic device is a fancy way of A mnemonic device is a fancy way of coming up with a code to remember coming up with a code to remember something. Some mnemonic devices are:something. Some mnemonic devices are:

George Eats Old Gray Rats And Paints George Eats Old Gray Rats And Paints Houses Yellow (spells geography)Houses Yellow (spells geography)

My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Nachos (planets of the solar system)Nachos (planets of the solar system)

Even George Bush Drives Fast (bars on a Even George Bush Drives Fast (bars on a treble clef in music)treble clef in music)

Create a Mnemonic Device for the Create a Mnemonic Device for the 5 Themes of Geography5 Themes of Geography

LocationLocation PlacePlace MovementMovement RegionRegion Human-Environmental InteractionHuman-Environmental Interaction

Five Themes FoldableFive Themes Foldable Folding into Fifths (fold on the lines provided)

Fold a sheet of paper in 2/3 horizontally (hotdog, leaving a tab at the bottom).

2. Fold the paper so that one-third of the hot dog is exposed and two-thirds is covered.

3. Fold the two-thirds section in half.

4. Fold the one-third section (single thickness) backward to form a fold line.

The paper will be divided into fifths when opened.

Five Themes FoldableFive Themes Foldable Now, you’ll use a pair of scissors to cut the Now, you’ll use a pair of scissors to cut the

folds into five equal sections.folds into five equal sections. On the tab at the bottom of the foldable, On the tab at the bottom of the foldable,

write: write: The Five Themes of GeographyThe Five Themes of Geography On the outside of each tab, write the 5 On the outside of each tab, write the 5

themes.themes. Under each tab, write the definition of the Under each tab, write the definition of the

theme. In the white space beneath the theme. In the white space beneath the tab, draw a picture illustrating that theme. tab, draw a picture illustrating that theme. When you open the tab, you should find When you open the tab, you should find the definition of the theme written on the the definition of the theme written on the inside along with your picture.inside along with your picture.

Push & Pull FactorsPush & Pull Factors

Ford River Rouge Plant-Detroit, Ford River Rouge Plant-Detroit, Michigan. The largest automotive Michigan. The largest automotive factory in the world when it was built.factory in the world when it was built.

Ford Rouge Plant Today 2010Ford Rouge Plant Today 2010

PUSH and PULL factorsPUSH and PULL factors

PUSH FACTORS PUSH FACTORS people away from a people away from a particular area.particular area.

PULL FACTORS PULL FACTORS attract people to move to attract people to move to another area. another area.

Push FactorsPush Factors

WarWar Famine (Hunger)Famine (Hunger) DiseaseDisease Persecution (being treated badly for Persecution (being treated badly for

one’s beliefs, ethnic background, or one’s beliefs, ethnic background, or way of life)way of life)

Over-populationOver-population Lack of opportunityLack of opportunity

PULL FactorsPULL Factors

A better economyA better economy OpportunitiesOpportunities FreedomFreedom FamilyFamily Let’s look at some push and pull Let’s look at some push and pull

factors:factors:

New Orleans, LA – Hurricane New Orleans, LA – Hurricane KatrinaKatrina

August 29, 2005 – Hurricane Katrina, August 29, 2005 – Hurricane Katrina, A category 5 storm hits New Orleans.A category 5 storm hits New Orleans.

Darfur, SudanDarfur, Sudan

2000s: Ethnic cleansing and genocide sponsored 2000s: Ethnic cleansing and genocide sponsored by the Sudanese government forces millions into by the Sudanese government forces millions into the isolated region of Darfur.the isolated region of Darfur.

Arizona, 2010Arizona, 2010

Arizona governor Jan Brewer passes tough Arizona governor Jan Brewer passes tough immigration law allowing police to turn over immigration law allowing police to turn over anyone suspected of being an illegal resident anyone suspected of being an illegal resident over to Immigration Services if they cannot prove over to Immigration Services if they cannot prove they are in the state legally.they are in the state legally.

GlobeGlobe

GlobeGlobe

ProsPros• Accurate size and Accurate size and

features.features.

ConsCons• InconvenientInconvenient

Robinson ProjectionRobinson Projection

Robinson ProjectionRobinson Projection

ProsPros• Accurate land size.Accurate land size.

ConsCons• Distortion moving Distortion moving

away from equator.away from equator.• Angles from latitude Angles from latitude

measurements will measurements will be slightly off.be slightly off.

Mercator ProjectionMercator Projection

Mercator ProjectionMercator Projection

ProsPros• Accurate distance.Accurate distance.• True direction.True direction.

ConsCons• Distortion near the Distortion near the

poles.poles.