geography home learning booklet year 7 glaciation and ... · introduction – please read me!...
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Geography Home Learning Booklet
Year 7
Glaciation and Geological Timescales
Parent/Carer Comment
Staff Comment
Target
Name
Tutor Group
Teacher
Given out: Monday 18 April Hand in: Monday 25 April
Introduction – please read me!
Welcome to your Home Learning booklet for Geography. This booklet is
focused on Glaciation. This is not something we have studied or are going to
study in class until Year 8 so it’s a really good opportunity for you to show how
good you are at independent learning.
There are 7 main tasks for you to try your best to complete. We do expect you
to finish the booklet but also to finish it well and to try your hardest. You can
use the after school help sessions on Tues, Wed & Thurs 3-4pm, ask teachers,
or even work together as a family if you find it difficult to do everything well
on your own. You might also need to use an Atlas from home/Internet to do one
of the tasks.
Remember the booklet should take you 5 hours to complete.
Work hard and enjoy your learning.
Yours
Mrs Perryman
Task 1 – What is a Glacier?
Fill in the gaps in the following paragraph using the words in the word box to
make sense of what a glacier is.
A glacier is a large body of ____ and ice. We find them in high-up places
(the Swiss Alps) and in places that are far _____ or south, like the Arctic
and __________. Each glacier has built up over many _____ in places
where snow has fallen but not ______. Snow turns to ice as it collects in
_______. The weight of the ice means that it starts to slip ____ mountain
sides over time. As moving ice creeps into the ______ climate of lowland
regions, melting takes place.
snow years down Antarctic layers
warmer melted north
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Task 2 – Types of Glacier
There are different sizes of glacier. These include:
Ice sheets Look at a world map and you will see Antarctica and
Greenland covered white. These are enormous ice sheets.
If both melted completely, sea-levels around the world
would rise by tens of metres!
Ice caps These are areas of mountains which are permanently
covered in snow and ice. The Himalayas are a good example
of this.
Valley
glaciers
On a smaller scale still, the Alps are home to ice-capped
mountains and valley glaciers. Local glaciers can develop
anywhere on Earth where the land is high and cold enough,
including central Africa!
Snow patches The smallest glaciers are little more than snow patches
on mountain sides. They tend to be found on north-facing
slopes where there is less sunlight received to melt the
ice. The Highlands of Scotland has snow patches that last
for much of the year, but no real glaciers.
Match the description to the picture and write in the name of the glacier in the
space underneath.
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Task 3 – Definitions of a glacier
A glacier is like a gigantic river of ice that occurs in very cold places such as
Antarctica, the Arctic and also in mountain regions. Look very carefully at each
of the pictures and then use what you can see in the pictures to match it up
with its definition on the next page.
Ablation Glacier Terminus
Accumulation Moraine
Carving Retreat of a glacier
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Crevasse Snout
Term Definition
ablation Accumulations of rock debris being
transported or deposited by a glacier. This
term also refers to the landforms made of
the debris after it has been deposited by
the glacier.
accumulation Where glaciers reach the sea or a lake, it
is the process by which pieces of the
glacier break off and float away.
calving The gain of snow and ice in a glacier. This
is usually from precipitation in the form of
snow, but also includes snow blown onto the
glacier from surrounding slopes.
crevasses Occurs over a time period when ablation
averaged across the whole glacier exceeds
accumulation averaged across the whole
glacier. The glacier becomes smaller and
the end of the glacier goes back.
glacier
terminus
The lower part of a valley glacier’s ablation
zone.
moraine The loss of ice or snow from a glacier. This
can occur by melting, by evaporation, and
by icebergs breaking off of a glacier if the
glacier borders a sea or lake.
retreat (of
a glacier)
Fractures (or breaks) that can be seen at
the surface of the glacier caused by
stretching (extending) of the ice.
snout The downward end of the glacier.
Task 4 – Use your definitions
Now that you have figured out what ablation and accumulation are try to match
these definitions to their meanings;
Term Definition
ablation zone Occurs over a time period when
accumulation averaged across the
whole glacier exceeds ablation
averaged across the whole glacier.
The glacier becomes larger and
extends further.
accumulation
zone
The boundary between a glacier’s
accumulation zone and its ablation
zone. Along this boundary,
averaged over the year,
accumulation is equal to the
amount of ablation.
advance (of a
glacier)
The lower area of a glacier where
the rate of ablation is higher than
the rate of accumulation.
equilibrium
line
The relation between accumulation
and ablation for a glacier (also
Extension
called ‘glacier budget’). It is
positive if over a year there is
more accumulation than ablation.
It is negative if there is more
ablation than accumulation.
mass balance The upper area of a glacier where
the rate of accumulation is higher
than the rate of ablation.
Task 5 – Annotation
Study the photograph below of a small glacier in Washington State, USA, taken
in July.
Now
label in the
same features
shown above in this
Equilibrium
line
Accumulation zone
Ablation zone
Glacier terminus
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complete
generalised drawing of an alpine valley glacier in summer.
Also label the area of the glacier that is called the ‘snout’
and the surrounding ‘moraine’.
Task 6 – Aerial Photo Field Sketch
Study this aerial photo
showing part of a glacier in
Antarctica. With a pencil,
draw a simple sketch of the
photograph in the box below
it. On your sketch, label the
glacier terminus, icebergs and
crevasses.
It might surprise you to know
that glaciers also flow
incredibly sloooooooowly
downhill until they reach the
sea. They are a bit like
gigantic rivers of ice. Draw an
All to
complete
arrow to indicate the apparent flow direction of the ice.
Task 7 – How glaciers shape the landscape
Look at the pictures and try to make guesses to answer the questions based on
your knowledge of Geography.
Apart from the fact that one picture has ice in it and the other does not what
differences can you see between the two photographs?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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Can you suggest reasons for
why the crevasses are
located where they are on
this glacier?____________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Looking back at the photo of
the Cirque glacier, can you
suggest why the ablation
zone of a glacier looks
darker than the accumulation
zone?_________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
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Why are the rocks sharp and jagged in the mountain photo and smooth and
round at the beach? ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Notice the rocky debris along the sides of this glacier. Where has this rocky
debris come from, and how do you think it got to the glacier?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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This is a photo from under a glacier. How
do you think pieces of rock debris can get
picked up by the glacier as it moves over
the ground? Hint: there is melting and
refreezing of water beneath glaciers.
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
___________________________________________________________
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Can you describe the process that caused
the scratches on this rock outcrop? Hint: glaciers move rocky debris inside and under
them as well as along the surface._______
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
______________________________________________
_____________
One of these valleys was eroded out by a glacier. Describe the shapes of the
two valleys and suggest reasons for the difference. ____________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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Task 8 - What landforms do glaciers create?
On this page you will find a table giving definitions for all the different types
of landforms that you might find in a glacial landscape. Use this table to help
you identify these landforms in the photos on the next few pages.
Term Definition
Arête
A sharp, steep, and narrow ridge that results from
glaciers in valleys next to each other.
Cirque (also called
‘corrie’ and ‘cwm’)
Armchair or bowl-shaped hollows on the sides of
mountains that either contain (or used to contain)
glaciers.
Fjord
A steep and narrow sea inlet which originated as a
glaciated valley near the coast that became flooded by
the sea as the sea level rose.
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complete
Glacial trough (also
called ‘U-shaped
valley’)
Steep sided, relatively flat and broad bottomed valleys
that either contain (or used to contain) valley glaciers.
Hanging valley
Formed from a smaller valley glacier joining a larger valley
glacier. Once the glaciers have disappeared, the valley
that was being worn down by the smaller glacier is not as
deep, and where it meets the main valley there is a sudden
drop – often containing a waterfall.
Pyramidal Peak
A steep, isolated peak formed from glaciers wearing away
a mountain summit from three or more sides.
Ribbon lake Formed when a glacier melts and leaves behind long and
very deep lakes made of melt water.
Truncated Spur
Truncated spurs are rounded areas of land which jut out
from the side of the valley and are then suddenly cut off
because of a glacier. They are often rounded at the top
but steep at the bottom.
How many pyramidal peaks, arêtes and corries can you see in this aerial
photograph of the Alps? Pyramidal Peaks ___ Arêtes ___ Corries ___
What glacial landforms can you see in this picture of Glencoe in Scotland?
There are at least 3. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
This is an aerial view of the Lake District in Northern Britain. What evidence is
there that this area used to have many glaciers? Use the names of the
landforms to help you explain. _____________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
This is Milford Sound in New Zealand
which is a Fjord. This picture below
shows the hanging valley that can be
found there. Use the sentence
starter to help you explain how you
know that this is a hanging valley.
The photograph shows a hanging
valley because _________________
_______________________________ and also because _______________
___________________________________________________________
Extension – Map interpretation
The OS map extract here focuses on Helvellyn and its surrounding area in the English Lake District.
Helvellyn is one of the highest peaks in England reaching an altitude of 950 metres above sea level.
Extension
1) What evidence can be seen on the map and the image that this area was glaciated?
2) What type of feature of glacial erosion now contains the lake called Red Tarn?
3) From looking at the map extract, label the summit (highest point) of Helvellyn onto the second
image. Also add labels for ‘Striding Edge’ and ‘Helvellyn Screes’ onto the second image.
4) Name two other landscape features of glacial erosion that can be seen in the map and the
image, and describe their locations in relation to the summit of Helvellyn.
5) If you were to take a fieldtrip to Grisdale Valley what other glacial features do you think you
would see?
Self Evaluation of my Homework
I am a R____________________ learner. I know this because:
______________________________________________________________
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I believe that my effort and attitude to learning for this booklet is a:
1 2 3 4
I know this because:
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