geography, demography, ecology, and society chapter 5 this multimedia product and its contents are...

Geography, Geography, Demography, Demography, Ecology, and Ecology, and

SocietySocietyChapter 5Chapter 5

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Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

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How Many Countries How Many Countries Can You Identify?Can You Identify?


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GeographyGeography Geography: a social science focusing on Geography: a social science focusing on

spatial interaction of humans and their spatial interaction of humans and their environmentsenvironments Why are cities located where they are?Why are cities located where they are? How does environment shape culture?How does environment shape culture? Why do only certain areas develop?Why do only certain areas develop?

Geographic literacy very low in U.S.Geographic literacy very low in U.S.


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DemographyDemography Demography: study of the number and Demography: study of the number and

characteristics of a populationcharacteristics of a population Why is population increasing or decreasing?Why is population increasing or decreasing? How is population distributed among regions?How is population distributed among regions? What are characteristics of population?What are characteristics of population?

PhysicalPhysical MentalMental CulturalCultural


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Twenty Most Populous CountriesTwenty Most Populous Countries


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Population GrowthPopulation Growth Death rateDeath rate

Lower worldwide in recent yearsLower worldwide in recent years

Birth rateBirth rate Most important factor determining world population Most important factor determining world population

growthgrowth

Europe and United StatesEurope and United States’’ birthrates declining birthrates declining Social and economic forcesSocial and economic forces

Acceptance of birth controlAcceptance of birth control Children not economic assetChildren not economic asset


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Population TrendsPopulation Trends World population growing rapidly since World population growing rapidly since

18001800 Factors:Factors:

Decline in death rate (due to better sanitation Decline in death rate (due to better sanitation and health care)and health care)

Increase in food and manufactured goods Increase in food and manufactured goods (increased standard of living for many)(increased standard of living for many)

Unequal growthUnequal growth in developed vs. in developed vs. undeveloped countriesundeveloped countries


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Peak of Population Growth?Peak of Population Growth?


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Malthusian TheoryMalthusian Theory Thomas Robert Malthus, Thomas Robert Malthus, Essay on the Essay on the

Principle of Population As It Affects the Principle of Population As It Affects the Future Improvement of Society (1798)Future Improvement of Society (1798) A population tends to outrun its means of A population tends to outrun its means of

subsistencesubsistence Population will increase quickly Population will increase quickly

(geometrically)(geometrically) Food will increase slowly (arithmetically)Food will increase slowly (arithmetically) Law of diminishing returnsLaw of diminishing returns


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Malthusian Theory and TechnologyMalthusian Theory and Technology Julian Simon, Julian Simon, The Ultimate ResourceThe Ultimate Resource

People are the ultimate resourcePeople are the ultimate resource People create ideas and technologyPeople create ideas and technology Technology can support ever-larger Technology can support ever-larger

populationspopulations Many demographers disagree with SimonMany demographers disagree with Simon

Cultural divideCultural divide


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Ecology is rather like sex—everyEcology is rather like sex—every

new generation likes to thinknew generation likes to think

they were the first to discover it.they were the first to discover it.Michael AllabyMichael Allaby


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EcologyEcology Ecology: science concerned with the Ecology: science concerned with the

interactions between living things and their interactions between living things and their environmentenvironment

Human ecology deals with how human Human ecology deals with how human societies adjust to their environmentsocieties adjust to their environment Applies biological science to problems Applies biological science to problems

examined by social scienceexamined by social science


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Finding Ecological BalanceFinding Ecological Balance Nature seeks ecological balanceNature seeks ecological balance

Changes very slowly over timeChanges very slowly over time

Modern society causes rapid ecological changeModern society causes rapid ecological change Threats:Threats:

Global warmingGlobal warming Pollution, acid rainPollution, acid rain Loss of fertile soil, animal habitatsLoss of fertile soil, animal habitats Hazardous waste disposalHazardous waste disposal Rapid migration of virusesRapid migration of viruses


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Is Pollution Inevitable?Is Pollution Inevitable? Pure air and water becoming scarcePure air and water becoming scarce Must technology lead to pollution?Must technology lead to pollution? ““Not In My BackyardNot In My Backyard”” mentality mentality Do we want more goods or a more pristine Do we want more goods or a more pristine

environment?environment? Costs and restrictions prohibitiveCosts and restrictions prohibitive

geography, demography, ecology, and society chapter 5 this multimedia product and its contents are...

Documents

population demography

characteristics of population

principle of population

pearson education

peak of population growth

world population growth

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