demography definitions
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Demography
Definitions
Roll no. 73, 74, 75, 76
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Demography
Demography is defined as the scientific study ofpopulation in terms of
Marriages
Fertility
Mortality
Migrations
Social mobility
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Demographic Trap
Resources are limited while the population
increases.
(e.g. 80% of world resources are used by20% of population and 20% are for 80% ofpopulation)
The demographic trap is defined as thecondition where a nation has passed
through the process of lowering death rates,
but has not been able to lower birth ratesbefore ecological carrying capacity is
exceeded*
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12341670?report=abstract&format=text
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Demographic Window
Fertility reduction opens the demographicwindow, opportunity for accelerated social and
economical development.
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Sustainable Development
Meeting the present needs without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their needs.
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Census
A canvass of a given area, resulting in an enumeratiof the entire population and often the compilation other demographic, social, and economic informatipertaining to that population at a specific time*
Types
De Facto
De Jure
*http://www.prb.org/Publications/Lesson-Plans/Glossary.aspx
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Vital Index
Also called as the BIRTH DEATH RATIODefined as the number of live births per100 deaths at place for certain timeperiod.
VI = 1 means normal or stationarypopulation
VI > 1 means population is increasing
VI < 1 means population is decreasing
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Dependency
Ratio
Dependency ratio is the ratio between economicainactive and economically active people
= + >
YDR + ODR = TDR
TDR is also called Societal Dependency Ratio
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Sex Ratio
It is the ratio between number of males andnumber of females
=
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Population Growth Rate
It refers to the rate at which a given populationincreases in a given period of time.
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Population Density
It is defined as the number of people living persquare kilometer area.
It is an index of population concentration of a
country.
The population density of Pakistan is 232/sq.km
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Population Momentum
The tendency for populationgrowth to continue beyond the
time that replacement-levelfertility has been achieved
because of the relatively high
concentration of people in thechildbearing years*.
*http://www.prb.org/Publications/Lesson-Plans/Glossary.aspx
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Fertility and Fecundity
Fertility Actual reproductive
performance of a woman
or a couple
Fecundity Physiological capability
woman to reproduce
The probability that conc
will occur in a given popuof couples during a s
time period
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Fertility Related Statistics
1. Total fertility rate2. Crude birth rate
3. Age specific fertility rate
4. Gross reproduction rate
5. Net reproduction rate
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Life Table
A tabular display of life expectancy and agespecific prevailing probability of dying.
It reflects the complete picture of Mortality of a
population.
It is of 2 types:
Complete
Abridged
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Population Dynamics
Can be understood by the help of Basic Demographic
Equation or Balancing Equation
Pt1 = Pt0+ (B - D) + (IM - OM)
Pt1= population to be calculated
Pt0= previous population
B = birth D = death
IM = In migration OM = Out migration
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Net Migration
It refers to the total number ofperson added or subtractedfrom a population as a result
of combined effects ofimmigration and emigration.
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