geography and history activity netw rks - social studies...the dual monarchy of austria-hungary,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Mass Society and Democracy
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The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918
The result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 was that Austria was expelled from the German Confederation. This caused Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria to want to consolidate his multiethnic empire toward the east. He recognized the necessity of dealing with the “rebellious” Hungarians, and the outcome of negotiations with them was the Compromise, or Ausgleich, of 1867. This Compromise restored Hungary’s independence and established a newly shaped dual monarchy, officially named Austria-Hungary.
Francis Joseph remained king of Hungary and emperor of Austria, but each country managed its own internal affairs. The empire was considered a single state for purposes of war and foreign affairs. Independent politically, the two states depended on each other economically. Industrialized Austria provided manufactured goods while agricultural Hungary provided food products. This arrangement satisfied the German-Austrians and the Hungarian Magyars, who held power in the two states.
One of the divisions in the study of human geography is social geography. Social geography is concerned with divisions within society, such as class, ethnicity, religion, gender, and age.
The map shows the spatial distribution of the ethnic groups who lived in Austria-Hungary during the time of the dual monarchy. As you study the map, you can see how the Slavic groups were distributed throughout the empire. In fact, three-fifths of the people in the empire were Slavs, and they had no voice in the government. The challenge for Francis Joseph was to govern the widely divergent ethnic groups in the empire, helping them to get along despite their different customs and cultures.
Geography and History Activity
Vienna
Prague
Budapest
Danube R.
Adrit ic Sea
Galicia
Transylvania
Dalmatia
Bosnia
Montenegro
Slavonia
Croatia
BohemiaMoravia
Tyrol
RUSSIA
SWITZER-LAND
GERMANY
KINGDOM OF PRUSSIA
AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
SERBIA
20°E 25°E
45°N
50°N
Adri
GermansMagyarsItaliansRomaniansSlavic Groups
N
S
EW
Peoples of Austria-Hungary, 1914
Caption: Five different and distinct ethnic groups lived in the Austria-Hungary Empire in 1914. The various Slavic groups, who had no representation, were scattered over a wide area.
NAME ______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________
Mass Society and Democracy
netw rksCopyrig
ht ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
om
pan
ies, Inc. Perm
ission is g
ranted
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roduce fo
r classroom
use.
Directions: Answer the questions below in the space provided.
Understanding Concepts
1. Interpreting Where did most of the Germans in Austria-Hungary live?
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2. Describing Complete the following two-column chart by identifying the peoples who lived in each region.
Peoples of Austria-Hungary
Region Peoples
Tyrol
Austria
Moravia
Bohemia
Galicia
Hungary
Transylvania
Slavonia
Bosnia
Croatia
Dalmatia
Geography and History Activity Cont.
NAME ______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________
Mass Society and Democracy
netw rksCopyrig
ht ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
om
pan
ies, Inc. Perm
ission is g
ranted
to rep
roduce fo
r classroom
use.
3. Making Inferences Slavic groups in Croatia, Dalmatia, Bosnia, and Slavonia had no representation in the government. Based on their location, why do you think this was unfair?
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Applying Concept
4. Drawing Conclusions How was the dual monarchy different from other forms of government, and what was the advantage of such an arrangement?
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5. Making Connections The dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary was home to many different ethnic groups. In what ways is this similar to a culture with which you are familiar?
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6. Generalize Mapping the areas where different groups are concentrated is a common activity of social geographers. Name three different ways a social geographer might map the area where you live.
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Geography and History Activity Cont.