Geography W.C 04.05.2020

Lesson 4- What are volcanoes?

The Earth is made up of different layers:crust

mantle

outer

core

inner core

Crust: the layer around the outside of a planet. The crust of the Earth is composed of a great variety of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.

Mantle: the mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior.Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest layer of the planet.

Outer Core: a fluid layer about 2,400 km thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel.

Inner Core: the inside geologic layer of the Earth. It is mostly a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 kilometres.

Watch this video clip to learn more about Earth’s core:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z849q6f/articles/zd9cxyc

These are the features of a volcano:eruption cloud

crater

conduit/main vent

magma chamber

eruption cloudEruption Cloud: a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that moves away from a volcano.

Crater: an approximately circular hole or dent caused by volcanic activity.Conduit/Main Vent: the opening where volcanic materials emerge.Magma Chamber: a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth. The molten rock, or magma, in such a chamber is under great pressure.

Your task:

Label the cross-section of the volcano using the key words you have just learnt.

Challenge: Can you write your own definition of each part of the volcano?

Lesson 5- Where are famous volcanoes located?

Mount Vesuvius is a somma-stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples in Campania, Italy, about 9 km east of Naples and a short distance from the shore.

Mount St. Helens is an active stratovolcano located in SkamaniaCounty, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

Krakatoa is a caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung.

Cotopaxi is an active stratovolcano in the Andes Mountains, 33 km northeast of the city of Latacunga, Ecuador, in South America.

Mount Ruiz is a volcano located on the border of the departments of Caldas and Tolima in Colombia, about 129 kilometres west of the capital city Bogotá.

Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano in the northern part of Sumbawa, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia.

Mauna Loa is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean.

Japan’s Mount Fuji is an active volcano about 100 kilometres southwest of Tokyo.

Your task:

Label the location of these famous volcanoes onto a world map.

Challenge: Add the country names so you can clearly see where each volcano is located.

Lesson 6- Why do volcanoes attract people to live near or visit them?

Discuss with someone at home:Why do you think people choose to live near

volcanoes?

Sort the quotes into positives and negatives to living near a volcano.

Positives Negatives‘The views are beautiful.’

‘Volcanoes can erupt at any

time.’

‘My home could be

destroyed if the volcano

erupts.’

‘I can go and visit a learn

about the volcano without

travelling too far.’

‘When the lava cools, it can

create new land.’

‘Deep inside volcanoes, gold

and silver can be found.’

‘Wildlife would be killed if it

erupts.’

‘People could be left

homeless.’

Read this case study and watch this video about the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull:

https://www.discover-the-world.com/study-trips/eyjafjallajokull-case-study/

Use any materials you like to create a model volcano with a settlement (group of housing) at the bottom of the volcano.Think about how the people living nearby might be affected if the volcano were to erupt.

Challenge: Can you make your volcano erupt?!