GENETICS: Mendel

Background: Students know that Meiosis produces 4 haploid sex cells that are not identical, allowing for genetic variation. Essential Question: What are two characteristics about Mendel's peas that made them perfect for genetic studies? What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous? What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? (CIRLCE the answers in the notes)Vocabulary: Highlight or underline important terms

I. GREGOR MENDEL- father of heredityA. MENDELS PEAS

1. self fertilizing ( true breeding )

2. short generation time

3. crossed in controlled way

1 Removed stamensfrom purple flower

White

Stamens

Carpel

PurplePARENTS(P)

OFF-SPRING

(F1)

2 Transferred pollen from stamens of white flower to carpel of purple flower

3 Pollinated carpel matured into pod

4 Planted seeds from pod

4. definite traits

FLOWER COLOR

FLOWER POSITION

SEED COLOR

SEED SHAPE

POD SHAPE

POD COLOR

STEM LENGTH

Purple White

Axial Terminal

Yellow Green

Round Wrinkled

Inflated Constricted

Green Yellow

Tall Dwarf

B. MENDELS THEORY1. All individuals have two copies of a gene.

a. gene- a segment of DNA on a chromosome

b. codes for a particular trait.

ex. flower color or hair color

2. Alleles are different versions of genesa. purple flowers vs white flowers b. color is the trait

Homologous chromosomes

Allele for pink flowers

Allele for purple flower

3. Two types of allelesa. Dominant

1. Stronger2. when present it masks

the weaker allele

b. Recessive1. Weaker2. the allele that is masked or covered up

4. When gametes ( sperm/egg) are formed

each gene separates independently

II. MONOHYBRID CROSSES

- involves only one pair of different traits

Color of coat is

one trait Color of flower

Is one trait

A. TERMS1. P generation:

a. parental generationb. first two individuals

that mate in a cross.

2. F1 generation:a. the p generation’s

offspring b. “p gen babies”

3. F2 generation:a. the F1 generation’s

offspringb. “F1 babies”

B. OTHER TERMS1. Symbols:a. use the same letter to represent different

versions of a trait

b. use a capital letterto represent the dominant allele

ex. Trait = tongue rollingT= tongue roller

c. use a lower case letter

to represent the

recessive allele

t = non-tongue roller

2.Homozygous ( pure bred)a. same alleles

( one from each parent)

b. ex. TT or tt

vs

3. Heterozygous ( hybrid )a. two different alleles

(one from each parent )

b. ex. Tt

4. Genotypea. genetic make-up

b. ex. TT , Tt or tt

5. Phenotypea. physical characteristics

b. ex. tongue roller or

non- tongue roller

GENETICS: Mendel

Background: Students know that Meiosis produces 4 haploid sex cells that are not identical, allowing for genetic variation. Essential Question: What are two characteristics about Mendel's peas that made them perfect for genetic studies? What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous? What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? (CIRLCE the answers in the notes)Vocabulary: Highlight or underline important terms

I. GREGOR MENDEL- father of heredityA. MENDELS PEAS

1. self fertilizing ( true breeding )

2. short generation time

3. crossed in controlled way

1 Removed stamensfrom purple flower

White

Stamens

Carpel

PurplePARENTS(P)

OFF-SPRING

(F1)

2 Transferred pollen from stamens of white flower to carpel of purple flower

3 Pollinated carpel matured into pod

4 Planted seeds from pod

4. definite traits

FLOWER COLOR

FLOWER POSITION

SEED COLOR

SEED SHAPE

POD SHAPE

POD COLOR

STEM LENGTH

Purple White

Axial Terminal

Yellow Green

Round Wrinkled

Inflated Constricted

Green Yellow

Tall Dwarf

B. MENDELS THEORY1. All individuals have two copies of a gene.

a. gene- a segment of DNA on a chromosome

b. codes for a particular trait.

ex. flower color or hair color

2. Alleles are different versions of genesa. purple flowers vs white flowers b. color is the trait

Homologous chromosomes

Allele for pink flowers

Allele for purple flower

3. Two types of allelesa. Dominant

1. Stronger2. when present it masks

the weaker allele

b. Recessive1. Weaker2. the allele that is masked or covered up

4. When gametes ( sperm/egg) are formed

each gene separates independently

II. MONOHYBRID CROSSES

- involves only one pair of different traits

Color of coat is

one trait Color of flower

Is one trait

A. TERMS1. P generation:

a. parental generationb. first two individuals

that mate in a cross.

2. F1 generation:a. the p generation’s

offspring b. “p gen babies”

3. F2 generation:a. the F1 generation’s

offspringb. “F1 babies”

B. OTHER TERMS1. Symbols:a. use the same letter to represent different

versions of a trait

b. use a capital letterto represent the dominant allele

ex. Trait = tongue rollingT= tongue roller

c. use a lower case letter

to represent the

recessive allele

t = non-tongue roller

2.Homozygous ( pure bred)a. same alleles

( one from each parent)

b. ex. TT or tt

vs

3. Heterozygous ( hybrid )a. two different alleles

(one from each parent )

b. ex. Tt

4. Genotypea. genetic make-up

b. ex. TT , Tt or tt

5. Phenotypea. physical characteristics

b. ex. tongue roller or

non- tongue roller