genetics and gregor mendel. genetics- the study of heredity i. gregor mendel & pea plants a....
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Genetics and Gregor Mendel
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Genetics- the study of heredity
I. Gregor Mendel & Pea PlantsA. Austrian monk who began
studying garden pea plants in 1860’s.B.Known as the “Father of
Genetics”C. Used his background in math,
biology, and physics to disprove the Blending Hypothesis.
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D. Why did he use garden pea plants?
1.can be cross pollinated2.produce large numbers of
offspring3.breed quickly4.Easy to care for
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II.Mendel’s Laws
A. Law of segregation- each pair of alleles separates during meiosis (gamete formation)
B. Law of Dominance- when 2 alleles are different, one allele can control the trait (dominant allele) and the other allele can be hidden (recessive allele)
C. Law of Independent Assortment- gene pairs segregate into gametes randomly and independently of one another
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C. Law of Independent Assortment- gene pairs segregate into gametes randomly and independently of one another
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III. Language of Genetics
A. allele- different versions of genes for the same trait.
B. Genotype- actual genetic makeup , occurs in pairs using capital letter for dominant trait and lowercase for recessive trait. (T=tall, t= short)
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C. Phenotype – the observable trait (short, tall)
D. homozygous (pure bred)- organism that have the same alleles for a trait.(TT, tt, BB, bb)
E. heterozygous (hybrid)- orgamism that have different alleles for a trait. (Tt, Bb)
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IV.Genetic Crosses
A. Punnett Square- used to predict genetic crosses.
B. Monohybrid cross- one factor cross 1.write a key for the trait 2.write the parents being crossed 3.do Punnett Square 4.write the genotype 5.write the phenotype
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Mendel’s F1 Crosses on Pea Plants
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Mendel’s Seven F1 Crosses on Pea PlantsMendel’s F1 Crosses on Pea Plants